1、牛津版模块 3第一单元课文讲解及课堂检测Reading1. Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop. 一出来到大街上，她就很快地朝她平常等的汽车站走去。Once out in the street 相当于 Once she was out in the street 引导时间状语从句。在从句主语与主句主语一致时，从句可省略主语。例如：First aid, if (it is) properly done, can save a persons life.急救如果做得合适，能拯救人的性命。I wo
2、nt go to the party unless (I am) invited.除非邀请我，否则我不会参加这个聚会。Once 可用作连词，意思为：一 就，一旦。例如：Once (it is ) printed, this dictionary will be very popular.一旦出版，这本词典会非常畅销。Once he arrives we can start.他一到我们就可以动身。Once可用作副词，意思为：一次；曾经。例如：I have done it once. 我曾做过一次。“Attention please, Ill repeat the question once mo
3、re.“请注意我把问题再重复一遍。She once knew him. 她以前认识他。2. Sorry, Miss, replied the man, the truth is that the fogs too thick for the bus to run that far. “抱歉，小姐”，这男人回答道，事实上是雾太大了，车不能开那么远。句中第一个 that引导的是表语从句。例如：The problem is that we have run out of money.问题是我们钱已用完了。The reason why he did not come is that he was il
4、l. 他没来的原因是他病了。第二个 that (或 this) 在此处等于 so，意思是“那么”（或“这么”），修饰形容词或副词。例如：There did not seem much point in working on my PhD- I did not expect to survive that long. 取得博士学位对我来讲没有什么意义，我不指望活那么久。Can hard work change a person that much?艰辛会使人变化那么大吗?You see, a fog this bad is rare.你听我说，这么糟糕的雾很少见。3. While the res
5、t of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her.当其他的乘客下车时，她瞥了一眼身边的人。While意思是“当的时候”，表示持续性的动作或状态，不能表示一时性或短暂性的动作。when 表示某个具体的时间，所引导从句的动作或是与主句的动作同时发生，或是先于主句动作，可指一段时间，也可指一点时间，既可表示一时性的动作，又可表示持续的动作。例如：While/ When the meeting was going on, he entered the room.正当开会的时候，他走进了房间。（指一段时间，
6、表持续的状态。）When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.她来的时候我会告诉她等你的。（指一点时间，表短暂性动作，不能用while）While I was walking in the street, I heard someone call me from behind.当我在街上走的时候，我听到有人从后面叫我。（表一段时间）=I was walking in the street when I heard someone call me from behind.我正在街上走，这时，我忽然听到有人从后面叫我。（表一点时间）glance
7、at 匆匆看一下，glance 用作动词，例如：He glanced at his watch.他匆匆看了一下手表。glance可用作名词，例如：give/ take/ shoot/ throw a glance at 朝匆匆看一下He gave her a quick glance as she walked into the room.当她走进房间时，他匆匆看了她一下。4. The tall man was nowhere to be seen.哪儿也看不到这个高个子男人了。nowhere无处；任何地方都不。例如：The missing wallet is nowhere to be fo
8、und. 丢失的钱包任何地方都找不着。Nowhere else could we find the missing wallet.我们任何其他地方都找不到丢失的钱包。to be found是动词不定式的被动形式，在此作定语。通常不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，且动作的施动者不明确时，不定式要用被动语态。例如：The meeting to be held is of great importance. 明天要开的会很重要。These are the books to be distributed among the students. 这些是要发给学生的书。5. As she walked a
9、long, she heard the sound of footsteps, but by the time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone.当她往前走的时候，她听到了脚步声，但是，等她走到十字路口的时候，脚步声就不见了。句中 as 的意思是“当的时候”，相当于 when。gone 在此是形容词，在句中作表语，意思是“不见了”。gone 离去的，死去的，用光的(no longer present or no longer exist)。例如：He turned the corner and was g
10、one.他在拐角处转了弯就不见了。The days are gone when women worked for half pay.妇女工作只拿男人一半工资的日子一去不复返了。6. Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still.现在她想跑，但是恐惧使她站着不动了。hold 在句中的意思是“使身体保持某种姿势”（put or keep part of body in a certain position）。例如：The dog held its tail between its legs.狗把尾巴夹在两腿之间。Can the baby hold h
11、erself up yet?宝宝能自己站立了吗?7. Polly found herself staring up at a man standing with his hand resting on her arm.波利意识到自己正抬头盯着一个男人，他站着，把手放在她的手臂上。find oneself doing意识到自己不自觉在干某事。find oneself in/at 意识到自己不自觉地处于某种（不好的）处境中。例如：Peter, who was usually shy, found himself talking to the girls.彼得，平时很害羞的他发现自己竟和这帮女孩搭起
12、话来了。If you find yourself worrying about things, call me.如果你觉着自己老是担心就打电话给我。After wandering around, we found ourselves back at the hotel.四处徘徊后，我们竟然回到了旅馆。Finding herself in the mire, Mary had to give up her adventure.发现自己陷入困境后，玛丽不得不放弃她的冒险活动。standing with his hand resting on her arm现在分词作定语，修饰 a man。例如：H
13、ouses near airports sometimes have their windows broken by the noise of jet planes passing overhead.因为飞在上空的喷气式飞机的噪音的影响，靠近机场的房子有时候窗子会被震破。The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.站在那儿的男孩是我的同班同学。句中 with his hand resting on her arm是属于 with + n. + 现在分词，分词作宾语补足语。作该句式的宾语补足语除了现在分词外，还可是过去分词，形容词，副词，不定式和介
14、词短语。例如：With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains. （现在分词）有这老人带路，这两人朝山上出发。The child was crying with the cup broken. （现在分词）因为杯子破了，小孩在哭。He often sleeps with the window open. （形容词）他经常开着窗子睡觉。The building looks even more beautiful with all lights on. （副词）这栋楼所有灯亮着时看起来更漂亮了。With the boy t
15、o help us, we will soon find the place. （不定式）有这个男孩帮我们，我们很快就会找到那地方。The guard stood there with a gun in his hand. （介词短语）警卫手里拿着枪站在那儿。rest on 被搁在, 停留在, 信赖。例如：Her hand rested lightly on his shoulder.她的手轻轻搭在他的肩膀上。The bridge rests on stone arches.这座桥靠石拱支持。His eyes rested on the peaceful valley below.他的双眼凝视
16、着下面的山谷。8. The face that she saw was that of an old man.她看到的是一张老年人的脸。第二个 that在句中用作代词，指代 the face。that 既可以指代不可数名词，也可指代可数名词，其复数形式是 those。例如：The effect teachers have on children is greater than that of parents.老师对孩子的影响比家长对孩子的影响大。（that 指代不可数名词）The book I bought yesterday is more interesting than that he
17、has.我昨天买的书比他有的有趣得多。（that 指代可数名词）The most powerful words that sell are those that refer to the costs.能促进销售的最有力的话是那些涉及成本的语言。it与 that的区别：it指的是同一个事物，即同名同物，that 所指代的名词和前面提到的名词是同一类，即同名异物。例如：I like the car, but I have no money to buy it.我喜欢那辆小轿车，但是我没钱买它。（it 指的是 the car，指的是同一辆车）The car I want to buy is more
18、 beautiful than that he has.我想买的车要比他的车漂亮得多。（that 指的是 the car，不是 the car I want to buy）one与 that 的区别：虽然 one与 that都可以指代前面同名异物的名词，但 one指的是同类中的一个，属于泛指，相当于 a/ an + 名词，而 that属于特指，相当于 the + 名词。One 的复数形式是 ones, that的复数形式是 those例如：Do you need my pen? No, thanks, I have got one. (one=a pen)你要用我的笔吗？不，我有一支。The
19、bridge built of steel is stronger than that built of stone. (that= the bridge built of stone)那座铁桥要比那座石桥牢固得多。There are a lot of apples in the basket, please pick out the rotten ones.篮子里有很多苹果，请把那些烂的捡出来。9. Watch out for the step here.当心这的台阶。watch out for 戒备, 提防, 密切注意。例如：Watch out for a tall man in a black hat.密切注视一个戴黑帽的高个子男人。You have to watch out for fast traffic along here.你要小心这一带快速行驶的车辆。
