1、基础英语讲座 20 课（十六）Do you like learning a foreign language? Do you like learning a foreign language?你喜欢学习外语吗？like doing 表示“喜欢干”，有关 like 的词组还有 like to do (喜欢干)， like sb.to do(希望某人干)，dolike this(象这样的干)，look like(看起来象)。例如： I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳。 He likes to help others. 他喜欢帮助别人。 I like my students to stud
2、y English well. 我希望我的学生学好英语。 Read the text like this. 这样读课文。 He looks like his father. 他看起来象他的父亲。 What does this word mean? What does this word mean?这个单词是什么意思？mean 表示“意思是”“ 含义是” ，可以指人的言论行为，也可以词语等。例如： What do you mean by that? 你那是什么意思？ What does this text mean? 这一课文是什么意思？ She came into class as usual
3、. She came into class as usual.她象平常一样进了教室。As usual 表示“ 照常”，在句中作状语。例如： I got up at six yesterday as usual. 我昨天象往常一样六点钟起床。 You can do it as usual. 你可以象往常一样干。 It was not as clean as usual. It was not as clean as usual.卫生不象往常一样干净。As as 表示“ 同 一样”这是一个对等的比较句型，第一个 as 后面跟形容词或副词，第二个 as 后面跟比较的内容。例如： This work
4、is as hard as that one. 这个工作和那个工作一样难。 Lucy runs as fast as Jim does. 露西和吉姆跑的一样快。 English is not as difficult as maths. 英语没有数学难。 Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao.今天除过林涛大家都到校了。Except 表示“除之外” 。例如： We go to school everyday except Sunday. 除星期天外，我们天天上学
5、。 I like all of them except this one. 除这一个外，剩下的我都喜欢。 I prefer science. I prefer science.我喜欢科学。Prefer 表示“喜欢” ，prefer to表示“比较喜欢而不喜欢”，prefer 后面的是较喜欢的内容。例如： I prefer English. 我喜欢英语。 I prefer apples to pears.我喜欢苹果而不太喜欢梨。What are they drawing? What are they drawing?他们在画什么？ drawing 是 draw 的分词形式，表示“画 ”，“拉”，
6、draw 是一个不规则动词，过去式是 drew 。例如： The boy can draw a house. 小孩会画房子。 Who drew the picture on the blackboard？ 谁在黑板上画的画儿。 Im trying to draw a horse. Im trying to draw a horse.我在试图画一匹马。Try to do 表示“ 努力去做”。例如： Ill try to study Chinese well. 我要尽力学好中文。 Are you trying to mend you kite? 你在试图修好你的风筝吗？ Please dont p
7、lay with my chalk. Please dont play with my chalk.请不要玩粉笔。Play with 表示“ 玩耍”，play 后面直接跟一些运动球类或者乐器类表示参加这种运动或演奏这种乐器。 Dont play with fire. 不要玩火。 We are going to play basketball in the afternoon. 今天下午我们要去打蓝球。 The little girl plays piano(钢琴)very well。 小女孩钢琴演奏得很好。 What was Li Lei drawing when the teacher ca
8、me in? What was Li Leo drawing when the teacher came in?老师进来时，林涛正在画什么？was drawing 是过去进行时。表示过去某一时间正在干某事，其构成形式是 was(were)+现在分词。 When 表示“ 当 时候 ”，when 在本句中起连词作用，引导出一个时间状语从句。例如： I was reading a book at ten oclock last night. 昨天晚上十点钟我正在读书。 What were you doing when I called you? 昨天我给你打电话的时候，你在干什么？ He found
9、 it very difficult to get to sleep. He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他觉得很难入睡。句中的 “find it +形容词+不定式”表示“ 发现干某事怎么怎么样”。不定式的内容就是指干某事的内容，但写在后面，而用 it 代替不定式写在动词的后面，形容词作 it 补语。例如： I find it hard to finish the work today. 我发现今天难于完成工作。 I feel it very happy to work with you. 我感觉和你一起工作很幸福。 I think it i
10、mportant to have a walk after supper. 我觉得晚饭后散步很重要。 He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door. He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.他刚要入睡，突然就有人大声敲门。was(were)doing when(从句).表示过去某一动作正在进行时，另一动作就开始了。例如： I was walking in the street when I met a friend
11、 of mine. 我正在街上散步，这时就碰见一位朋友。 Were the Blacks watching TV last night? Were the Blacks watching TV last night?布莱克一家人昨晚看电视了吗？在人的姓前用定冠词，后面加 s ,指本人的全家或其夫妇两人。例如： The Smiths are my good friends. 史密斯一家人是我的好朋友。 What happened? What happened?发生什么事情了？happen 表示“发生”，是一不及物动词，发生的内容要写在动词的前面，作句子的主语，这一点同中文表达方法不一样，中文把发
12、生的内容写在动词的后面。例如： An accident happened last night. 昨天晚上发生了一场事故。 Nothing happened later. 后来再没发生什么事情。 A woman saw it happen when she was walking past. A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.一位妇女走过的时候，看到了（钢笔掉到地上）saw it happen “看到事情发生”，happen 是省略了to 的动词不定式，因 saw 是感观动词，所以 to 要省略，类似动词还有watch,hear,f
13、eel。例如： I see him go into the car. 我看见他进了汽车。 I feel it move slowly. 我感到它慢慢地动呢。 It was carrying some large bags of rice. It was carrying some large bags of rice.它（汽车）拉了几袋子大米。Carry 表示“携带”，没有方向性。类似的词还有 bring,take,get。其中 bring 表示从别处“带来”或“拿来” 。take 表示“带走”“拿走” 。get 表示“去拿来” 。例如： I cant carry the heavy box.
14、 我搬不动箱子。 Bring the exercise books here tomorrow. 明天把作业本带来。 You can take the book out of the library。 你可以把书带出图书馆。 Can you go and get some water for us. 你能去给我们打点水吗？ Lets move that bag,or there may be an accident. Lets move that bag,or there may be an accident.让我们移开那袋子大米，否则的话，会出事故的。Or 表示“否则”，常常引出一个结果状语
15、从句。例如： Lets hurry up,or we may be late again. 我们快一点吧，否则的话，我们又要迟到了。 Youd better study hard,or youd not pass the exam. 你最好努力学习，否则的话你考试不及格。 Its nice of you. Its nice of you.你真是太好了。说明人是好心人，后面可接动词不定式，例如： Its nice of you to come to help us. 你来帮助我们真是太好了。（强调人好） Its good for you to clean the classroom. 你把教室给
16、打扫了，很好。（强调打扫教室好） With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man. With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man.赵小姐挎着药箱匆匆去护理那个人了。With +名词+方位介词短语。表示动词含义之外的另一伴随情况，在句中作状语。例如： He came in with a cup of water in his hand. 他拿着一杯水进来了。 Miss Ga
17、o teaches us English with smiles on her face. 高小组面带笑容给我们讲英语课。 Have you got ? Have you got ?你有?此句型形式上是现在完成时，但实际上同 have 的含义一样。是同一意思的两种表达方法。例如： I have an English book. 我有一本英语书。 I have got a new bike. 我有一辆新自行车。 Have you a red pen? 你有红钢笔吗？ Have you got a piece of paper? 你有一张纸吗？ Ive lost my science book.H
18、ave you seen it anywhere? Ive lost my science book.Have you seen it anywhere?我丢了我的科技书。你在哪儿看见了它吗？这是一个新的语法项目。一般现在完成时。表示对现在有影响的发生在过去的动作。也就是说，现在的结果是“怎么样了”，或者“怎么样过”。它的构成形式是“have +动词的分词形式”。（请参考本软件的语法部分）。例如： I have repaired my bike. 我修好了我的自行车。 “Have you found your bike?“Yes,I have.“ “你找到了你的自行车了吗？”“是的，我找到了。
19、” I havent seen this film. 我没看过这场电影。 You must always return your library book on time! You must always return your library book on time!你总是要准时归还图书馆的书。Return 是一动词，作为不及物动词，表示 “回到”某处” ，相当于 come back,作为及物动词，表示“归还”,相当于 give back.例如： Hell return home tomorrow morning. 他明天早上就返回家。 Does your sister return to
20、 the school today. 你妹妹今天要返回学校吗？ Im going to the library to return the books. 我要到图书馆还书。 Why dont you return my dictionary? 为什么你不返我的词典。 If youve lost it,you must pay for it. If youve lost it,you must pay for it.如果你丢了的话，你就得赔钱。 If 表示“如果” ，在这儿引出一个表示条件的从句。例如： If it is fine today,Ill go to the shop. 如果今天天气好的话，我就去商店。 Please be more careful from now on. Please be more careful from now on.过后请多加小心。From now on.表示“从现在起”。作时间状语。例如： We must study hard from now on. 我们必须从现在起努力学习。 You can work with him from now on. 从现在起，你可以和在他一起工作。
