1、1中国退耕还林主要树种 (北方本)Main Tree Species of Conversion Farmland to Forest in China(Volume of the North)侯元凯 段绍光 赵 水 主编农业出版社2内容简介本书为我国第一部关于退耕还林树种选择与评价的专著。第一篇 总论:中国退耕还林工程概述,中国北方地区主要造林树种区划和退耕还林树种选择,苗木培育和栽植。第二篇 各论:生态林造林的主要乔木树种包括 262 个种、变种或品种,主要灌木 271 个种、变种或品种,生态林和经济林兼用树种和经济林主要造林树种分别为25 个和 72 个种、变种或品种。分别按种阐述特征特
2、性、栽培要点、适生范围、开发价值。栽培要点着重介绍了播种育苗、扦插育苗、嫁接育苗、造林方法等。开发价值着重描述了环境价值、经济价值、药用价值、观赏价值等。本书总结生产实践之先进经验,汇科学研究之精华。内容丰富,取材新颖,技术先进,实用价值高。供林业工作者、园林工作者、院校师生、基层政府、林业企业、农民参考。3中国退耕还林主要树种 (北方本)编辑委员会主 编 侯元凯 段绍光 赵 水副主编 刘庆雨 孙雅琳 侯豫顺 高付先 张新胜编 委 (以姓氏笔画为序)王达忠 刘天柱 刘合周 刘庆雨 孙雅琳 张新胜 李长海 侯元凯 侯豫顺 段绍光 赵 水 高付先 崔俊茹 谢 丽 翻 译 侯元凯 崔俊茹4前 言退耕
3、还林工程是我国林业建设史上涉及面最广、政策性最强、任务最重、群众参与度最高的生态工程。 实施退耕还林是改善生态环境、根治长江和黄河水患刻不容缓的任务,是改善传统的耕作方式、增加农民收入、调整农业产业结 构、促 进地方经济发展和 农民脱贫致富的有效途径,是拉动内需、保持国民经济增长的重大战 略举措,是西部大开发的根本切入点。退耕 还林工程具有长期性、目的的多样性、自然条件的复杂性以及经营管理的差异性。我国树种资源丰富,有木本植物 8000 余种,其中乔木 2000 余种,灌木 6000 余种,而乔木树种中优良用材和特用经济树种就有 1000 余种。我国地势跨度大,气候复杂,自北向南有寒温带、温带
4、、暖温带、 亚热带和热带,自东向西有海洋性湿润森林地带、大陆性干旱半荒漠和荒漠地带,以及介于二者之间的半湿润和半干旱森林草原和草原过渡地带。面对以上树种的多样性和自然条件的复杂性,如何把树种的生物学特性和生态学特性结合起来,做到适地适树是所有参与退耕还林的林业人共同面临的问题。2002 年,我国正式启动退耕还林工程。 树种选择已成为退耕还林工程实施中亟待解决的关键问题,直接关系到退耕还林工程建设的成5败。正确地选择树种对于做好退耕还林工作,保 证工程建设质量,使工程建设顺利健康地发展具有重要意义。为此,我 们编写了中国退耕还林主要树种,该书分为北方分册和南方分册。中国退耕还林主要树种(北方本)
5、中总论部分包括中国退耕还林工程概述、中国北方地区主要造林树种区划及退耕还林树种选择、苗木培育和栽培技术要点,各 论部分包括生态林造林的主要树种、生态林和经济林兼用树种、经济 林主要造林树种。 书中均扼要地介绍了树种特征特性、栽培要点、适生范围、开发价值等。 书中充分地吸收了森林培育和森林利用的最新技术和最新研究成果,是新世纪第一部以退耕还林树种为题材的专著。本书内容丰富,取材新颖,技 术先进,实用价值高,不仅可以作为全国参与退耕还林的林业机关、基层政府、林业企业、林业技术推广人 员、 农民群众的必备参考 书,也可作 为林业院校相关专业的教学参考书。本书的编写得到了国务院有关部委、国家林业局、中
6、国林业科学研究院、北京林业大学等单 位大力支持和热情帮助,在此表示衷心感谢!本书引用了许多林业科技工作者的研究成果,在此一并致谢!由于我们的业务理论水平有限,加上有些问题考虑不周,书中错6误和疏漏在所难免。衷心地盼望国内外专家和广大读者批评指正!编者2004 年 3 月 9 日7ForewordThe project of conversion farmland to forest is the ecological one that is involving many aspects, powerful policies, heavy task and high degree of peop
7、les handing in it. Enforcement of conversion farmland to forest is an urgent task which betters ecological environment, cures radically inundation of Yangtze river and Yellow river. It is effectual channel that amends traditional farming ways, increases farmers income, adjusts agricultural industria
8、l structure, advances local economical development and sheds poverty and gets rich for farmers. It is substantial strategic measure which pulls national demand and keeps national economy increasing, and is geared to bedlockly West Development in China. It has long-term, various targets, complex natu
9、ral terms as well as management discrepancy. Meanwhile, since woody species found in China are more than 8000 in number in which has more than 2000 tall tree species, in which has more than 1000 fine timber and non-timber tree species, and has more than 6000 shrub tree species, and since there are b
10、ig topography span and climate complex, in which includes frigid temperate zone, temperate zone, warm temperate zone, subtropics zone, tropics zone from the north to the south, and including sea moist forest zone, land dry semi-dessert and dessert zone, as well as transition zone between semi-moist
11、and semi-dry forest grassland and grassland from the east to the west, it is faced by all people joining in conversion farmland to forest how to combine tree species biological characters and ecological characters in order that trees fit for land and land fits for trees.In 2002,the project of conver
12、sion farmland to forest is begun to move formally in China. How to select tree species already is a key question which needs solving in enforcement of conversion farmland to forest, which involves results of conversion farmland to forest. Selection of tree species without a mistake has great signifi
13、cance to conversion farmland to forest. So we write this book, Main Tree Species of Conversion Farmland to Forest in China, which includes volume of the north and volume of the south. General aspect in Main Tree Species of Conversion Farmland to Forest in China (Volume of the North Zone) includes ou
14、tline of project of conversion farmland to forest in China, dividing of main afforest tree species in the north part of China and selecting tree species for conversion farmland to forest, and technology of seedling cultivation and afforest. Each aspect in this book includes main tree species 8of eco
15、logical forest, between of ecological forest and non-timber forest , and of non-timber forest, in which nature, silviculture ways, geography range fitting for living and development value are introduced. The advanced technology and newest researched results of forest silviculture and utilization are
16、 absorbed fully. This book has rich content, original material, advanced technology, high practical value. It is not only a reference book for forestry administrations, grass roots governments, forestry enterprises and farmers, but also a reference book for teachers and students in forestry universi
17、ties. Acknowledge some Ministries and Committees of State Council, State Forestry Ministry, Forestry Science Academy of China, Beijing Forestry University which have helped and supported our writing this book.Limited by our level of expertise and owing to the lack of careful planning and the fact th
18、at remedial measure are practically impossible, the book must necessarily contain errors and oversights. Advice and comments from experts and readers both at home and abroad are cordially invited.The EditionsMarch,9,20049退耕還林工程我国林業建設歴史、一番広関連面、強政策性、重任務、参加人一番多生態工程。工程実施生態環境改善、揚子江黄河根治最緊迫任務。一方、伝統的耕作方法改善、
19、農民収入増加、農業産業結構調整、及地域経済発展促進農民貧乏脱富裕生活有効手段。、国内需要推進、国民経済増加保戦略的措置、上、最重大意味西部大開発大切対策。工程短期、長期、目的持、工程関自然条件複雑、及経営管理関格差。一方、本国樹種資源豊富、木本植物種類 8000 以上、内、喬木 2000 種以上、低木 6000 種以上。喬木中、優良材木特別用度経済樹種 1000 種以上。一、本国地域幅大、気候複雑、北南広地域寒温帯、温帯、暖温帯、亜熱帯及熱帯順序並、東西渡、海洋性湿潤森林地帯、大陸性乾燥半荒漠荒漠地帯、及二間存在半湿潤半乾燥森林草原草原過渡地帯分布。以上樹種多様性自然条件複雑性対、樹種生物学特
20、性生態学特性結合、地域木植。問題工程参加人全部向問題。2002 年本国以上工程発足、樹種選工程実施関節解決期待、直接工程建設成敗。工程、工程建設質量確保、工程建設健康発展対正確樹種選択重要意義。、全国退耕還林主要樹種編集、本北方分冊南方分冊二冊。全国退耕還林主要樹種 (北方分冊)総論部分全国退耕還林工程概説、中国北方地区主要造林樹種分化及退耕還林樹種選択、苗木培養栽培技術要点含。各論部分生態林造主要樹種、生態林経済林両方使樹種、経済林造主要樹種含。特徴、特性、栽培要点、生長適切範囲、開発10価値木種全部簡潔紹介。本書森林培養利用関最新技術研究成果十分入、新世紀題材退耕還林樹種第一部専門著作。本豊富内容、新素材、先進的技術、使用価値高、特徴。本目新、時効性強必参考本、全国退耕還林参加林業機関、基層政府、林業企業農民、及林業技術推進人員使、教科書林業院校専門。本書編集、国務院関係部門、国家林業局、中国林業科学研究院、北京林業大学部門強支持深援助、心感謝意表。、僕専門理論限、読者間違見、教。編 者 2004 年 3 月 9 日