1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目ECONOMICIMPORTANCEOFBELGIANTRANSPORTLOGISTICS出处NBBWORKINGPAPER作者FREDERICLAGNEAUX原文ECONOMICIMPORTANCEOFBELGIANTRANSPORTLOGISTICSFREDERICLAGNEAUXABSTRACTTHISPAPERISAPUBLICATIONISSUEDBYTHEMICROECONOMICANALYSISSERVICEOFTHENATIONALBANKOFBELGIUMTHISISTHEOUTCOMEOFAFIRSTRESEARCHPROJECTONTHEBE
2、LGIANTRANSPORTLOGISTICSSECTORSINTHEPASTFEWYEARS,THELOGISTICSBUSINESSHASTURNEDOUTTOPLAYASIGNIFICANTPARTINWEALTHCREATIONINOURCOUNTRY,WHOSEECONOMYISDRIVENBYSERVICESTHISSTUDYCANBESEENASANEXTENSIONOFWORKINGPAPERNO115ONBELGIANPORTS,ISSUEDINMAY20071,ASTHEACTIVITIESUNDERREVIEWARECLOSELYTIEDTOTRANSPORTINGENE
3、RALANDMARITIMETRANSPORTINPARTICULARCONSIDERINGTHATTHISISAFIRSTATTEMPTTOESTIMATETHEECONOMICIMPORTANCEOFBELGIANTRANSPORTLOGISTICS,ITWASDECIDEDTOFAVOURASECTORALAPPROACH,BYFOCUSINGONSOMEFREIGHTTRANSPORTLOGISTICSSECTORSCLEARLYDEFINEDINTHENACECLASSIFICATIONTHEIMPACTISPRESENTEDINTWOPARTSTHEDIRECTEFFECTSAND
4、THEINDIRECTEFFECTSFURTHERMORE,ASHORTANALYSISISPROVIDEDABOUTTHEECONOMICIMPACTOFOTHERACTIVITIES,SUCHASINHOUSELOGISTICSANDEUROPEANDISTRIBUTIONCENTRESANOVERVIEWOFSOMEDEVELOPMENTSPERSUBSECTORISPROVIDEDFORTHEPERIOD20002005,WITHTHEEMPHASISON2005THECOREOFTHEANALYSIS,WHICHISSTATISTICALANDTHEREFORENOTBASEDONA
5、SURVEY,LOOKSMORESPECIFICALLYINTODEVELOPMENTSINTERMSOFVALUEADDED,EMPLOYMENT,INVESTMENTANDTHEFINANCIALSITUATIONOFTHECOMPANIESCONCERNEDAFIRSTESTIMATEOFDEVELOPMENTSOVERTHE20052006PERIODISALSOPROVIDEDFORVALUEADDEDANDEMPLOYMENTANNUALACCOUNTSDATAFROMTHECENTRALBALANCESHEETOFFICEAREUSEDFORTHECALCULATION2OFDI
6、RECTEFFECTS,THESTUDYOFFINANCIALRATIOSANDANALYSISOFTHESOCIALBALANCESHEETALSOWORTHMENTIONINGISTHATTHEINDIRECTEFFECTSOFTHEACTIVITIESCONCERNEDHAVEBEENESTIMATEDINTERMSOFVALUEADDEDANDEMPLOYMENT,ONTHEBASISOFDATAFROMTHENAINATIONALACCOUNTSINSTITUTEACOMPREHENSIVEANALYSISOFTHELINKAGESBETWEENTHESECTORSUNDERREVI
7、EWANDTHEOTHERBELGIANSECTORSISPRESENTEDTHEACTIVITIESUNDERREVIEWACCOUNTEDFORNOLESSTHAN31PCOFBELGIANGDPAND34PCOFTHECOUNTRYSDOMESTICEMPLOYMENTIN2005INCLUDINGINDIRECTEFFECTS,THESEPERCENTAGESRESPECTIVELYAMOUNTEDTO5AND53PCINTHESAMEYEARTAKINGSOMESURVEYDATAINTOACCOUNT,THEOVERALLIMPACTWOULDREACHROUGHLY8PCOFTH
8、EBELGIANECONOMY,IFTRANSPORTLOGISTICSBUSINESSPROVIDEDBYEXTERNALBRANCHESONTHEONEHANDANDINHOUSETRANSPORTLOGISTICSONTHEOTHERWEREADDEDTOTHESEABOVEMENTIONEDSECTORALPERCENTAGESTHISREPORTPROVIDESACOMPREHENSIVEACCOUNTOFTHESEISSUES,GIVINGINFORMATIONPERECONOMICSECTORFOREWORDEVERYYEAR,THEBANK2PUBLISHESANUPDATEO
9、FITSSTUDYONTHEECONOMICIMPORTANCEOFTHEFLEMISHMARITIMEPORTSANDTHELIEGEPORTCOMPLEXTHATPUBLICATIONPROVIDESSOMEUSEFULTOOLSENABLINGTHECOMPETENTAUTHORITIESANDTHEPUBLICTOGETACLEARPICTUREOFTHEIMPACTBELGIANPORTSHAVEONTHEENTIRENATIONALECONOMYTHEREISGROWINGINTERESTINSIMILARRESEARCHWORKFORTHELOGISTICSSECTORSINAC
10、OUNTRYTHATISINCREASINGLYDOMINATEDBYSERVICESAND,THEREFORE,BYLOGISTICSACTIVITIES,INTERTWINEDWITHTHEPORTSOPERATIONSAND,FURTHER,WITHALLTRANSPORTACTIVITIESBELGIUMISINDEEDINCREASINGLYREFERREDTOASALOGISTICSPARADISESEEBELOWITISONEOFTHETASKSOFTHISREPORTTOVERIFYTHISSTATEMENTTHISCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGEHASTOBEBORN
11、EINMINDANDFURTHERCAPITALISEDON,INORDERTOEMBRACETHEEVERFASTERPACEOFGLOBALISATIONANDTOWITHSTANDWORLDWIDECOMPETITIONTHISSTUDYISAIMEDTOHELPNATIONALANDREGIONALDECISIONMAKERSTOBETTERUNDERSTANDTHEECONOMICSTAKESLYINGINTRANSPORTLOGISTICS,BYWAYOFATHOROUGHESTIMATIONOFITSOVERALLECONOMICIMPACTTHISPAPERDOESNOTFOC
12、USONTHESTRUCTURALORTECHNICALBACKGROUNDOFEVERYSINGLESECTORREVIEWEDINTRODUCTIONECONOMICCONTEXT2006SAWACONFIRMATIONOFGROWTHACROSSTHEEUROPEANCONTINENT,3WHICHBALANCEDOUTAGAINSTTHEUSECONOMYECONOMICGROWTHINTHEEUROAREAISESTIMATEDTOHAVERISENFROMANAVERAGEOF15PCIN2005TO28PCIN2006GDPINVOLUME,THEHIGHESTRATESINCE
13、THEBEGINNINGOFTHECENTURYHOWEVERTHERISINGACTIVITYANDTHERISKOFINFLATIONRESULTEDINMOSTCENTRALBANKSRAISINGTHEIRINTERESTRATES,INCLUDINGTHEECBSGRADUALINCREASEINITSBENCHMARKRATEINBELGIUMTHEEVOLUTIONWASPRONOUNCEDTOO,SINCEECONOMICGROWTHREACHED29PCIN2006,AGAINST2PCTHEYEARBEFOREATGLOBALLEVEL,GROWTHWASSTILLMAIN
14、LYDRIVENBYTHEASIANECONOMIESWORLDTRADEPICKEDUP,ANDALMOSTEQUALLEDTHEPACESEENIN2004,ITSEXPANSIONSTILLFAREXCEEDINGTHATOFWORLDGDP3THEBELGIANECONOMYISMAINLYDRIVENBYTHETERTIARYSECTOR,ASAPPROXIMATELY75PCOFGDPISDERIVEDFROMSERVICES,RANGINGFROMTRANSPORTANDCOMMUNICATIONSTOBUSINESSSERVICESTHISISTHERESULTOFTHEDEI
15、NDUSTRIALISATION,ACCOMPANIEDBYTHEOUTSOURCINGANDRELOCATIONOFASUBSTANTIALSHAREOFINDUSTRIALACTIVITIESFROMTHELATE1980SONWARDS,ANDTHEENSUINGBOOMOFSERVICESANDTRANSPORTSECTORSOVERTHESAMEPERIODTHATPERCENTAGEISROUGHLY10PCHIGHERTHANTHEAVERAGEFORTHEEU27IN2004AND2005,INVESTMENTSURGEDINTHESERVICESECTORS,ESPECIAL
16、LYMARITIMETRANSPORTANDLOGISTICALSERVICES,FOLLOWEDBYASUBSTANTIALINCREASEININDUSTRIALSECTORSTHENEXTYEARGLOBALISATIONKEEPSINTENSIFYINGANDSHIPPEDVOLUMESKEEPGROWING4,ALONGWITHEVERSTRENGTHENINGTRADINGRELATIONSWITHTHERESTOFEUROPE,INWHICHTHEEUENLARGEMENTPLAYSACONSIDERABLEPART,ANDTHERESTOFTHEWORLDBELGIANFORE
17、IGNTRADEISDYNAMICINTHEEU,WITHRESPECTTOITSANNUALPRODUCTION5,WHICHMAKESOURCOUNTRYVERYDEPENDENTONITSTRANSPORTINFRASTRUCTUREANDLOGISTICSBELGIUMISREGARDEDASATRANSITCOUNTRYANDITSSEAPORTSARESEENASMAJOREUROPEANGATEWAYSTHATSUPPLYTHEWHOLECONTINENTABOVEALL,BELGIANANDEUROPEANPORTSANDCONSEQUENTLYALLMODESOFTRANSP
18、ORTDRAWDIRECTBENEFITFROMTHEGROWTHOFINTERNATIONALTRADEINTHISCONTEXT,CONTAINERISATIONHASCONFIRMEDITSASCENDANCYOVEROTHERPACKAGINGMETHODSANDLOGISTICSAROUNDITISGAININGATREMENDOUSMOMENTUM1LOGISTICSDEFINITIONSANDMETHODOLOGYTHEEVIDENTCOMPLEXITYOFTHEOBJECTOFTHISSTUDYCALLSFORCLEARGUIDELINESINTERMSOFSCOPEANDCA
19、LCULATIONMETHODSAFTERQUOTINGAFEWHISTORICDEFINITIONS,ONESINGLEDEFINITIONWILLCOMETOTHEFOREANDTHEMETHODOLOGYUSEDFORTHISANALYSISWILLBEEXPLAINED11DEFINITIONS4ASTRAIGHTFORWARDDEFINITIONOFLOGISTICS,WHICHPERVADESTHEWHOLEECONOMY,ISELUSIVEBUTANOVERVIEWOFSOMECONCEPTSATTACHEDTOITCANHELPBRINGOUTITSSIGNIFICANCEFO
20、RTHISSTUDY111DEFINITIONSFROMLITERATURETHETERMORIGINATESINTHEMILITARYWORLDBUTISTODAYBROADLYUSEDINBUSINESSANDINDUSTRYLOGISTICSEXPERTSAREREQUIREDONBOARDLARGEMANUFACTURINGCOMPANIESANDMOREANDMORESPECIALIZEDCOMPANIESAREDESIGNEDTOOFFERAWIDERANGEOFLOGISTICSSERVICESADDRESSEDTOCOMPANIESWHICHDECIDETOOUTSOURCES
21、UCHACTIVITIESORIGINALLY,LOGISTICSREFERREDTOTHEMILITARYORGANISATIONOFMOVING,LODGING,ANDSUPPLYINGTROOPSANDEQUIPMENTITSGENERALDEFINITIONTODAYISTHEDETAILEDORGANIZATIONANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFAPLANOROPERATION19ITALSOREFERSTOALLMEANSANDMETHODSOFORGANISINGASERVICE,ANENTERPRISE,ETC20,ASWELLASTHEPROCESSOFCONTROLL
22、INGGOODSANDINFORMATIONMOVEMENTS21THEFOLLOWINGDEFINITIONSADDSOMEUSEFULELEMENTSTOTHISFIRSTDESCRIPTION112BUSINESSLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENT22LOGISTICSISTHATPARTOFTHESUPPLYCHAINPROCESSTHATPLANS,IMPLEMENTS,ANDCONTROLSTHEEFFICIENT,EFFECTIVEFLOWANDSTORAGEOFGOODS,SERVICES,ANDRELATEDINFORMATIONFROMTHE
23、POINTOFORIGINTOTHEPOINTOFCONSUMPTIONINORDERTOMEETCUSTOMERSREQUIREMENTS23THECONCEPTOFSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTHASEMERGEDINRECENTYEARSITCAPTURESTHEESSENCEOFINTEGRATEDLOGISTICSANDEVENGOESBEYONDITSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTISDEFINEDASTHESYSTEMATIC,STRATEGICCOORDINATIONOFTHETRADITIONALBUSINESSFUNCTIONSANDTHETACTIC
24、SACROSSTHESEBUSINESSFUNCTIONSWITHINAPARTICULARCOMPANYANDACROSSBUSINESSESWITHINTHESUPPLYCHAIN,FORTHEPURPOSESOFIMPROVINGTHELONGTERMPERFORMANCEOFTHEINDIVIDUALCOMPANIESANDTHESUPPLYCHAINASAWHOLE24113FLANDERSINSTITUTEFORLOGISTICS25INTHECONTEXTOFTHELOGISTICSOFSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENT,LOGISTICSENCOMPASSESFOURF
25、UNCTIONALDOMAINSPURCHASEANDPROCUREMENTLOGISTICS,PRODUCTIONLOGISTICS,DISTRIBUTIONLOGISTICSANDREVERSELOGISTICSTRANSPORTLOGISTICSISSEENASTHEORGANISATIONOFFLOWSOFGOODSANDINFORMATIONACROSSTHESEFUNCTIONS114HANDBOOKOFLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENT26LOGISTICSCONTRIBUTESTOTHECREATIONOFTIME,PLACE,ANDEVENFO
26、RMUTILITYTHROUGHTHEMANAGEMENTOFPROCESSESTHATENABLECOMPANIESTOGETTHERIGHTGOODSTOTHERIGHTPLACEATTHERIGHTTIMEINTHERIGHTCONDITIONANDATTHERIGHTCOST52ECONOMICIMPACTOFTRANSPORTLOGISTICSINBELGIUMTHEANALYSISISPRESENTEDINTHREEDISTINCTPARTSTHEFIRSTONEFOCUSESONTHEFINDINGSMADEATTHENATIONALLEVEL,INDIRECTTERMSVALU
27、EADDED,EMPLOYMENT,SOCIALBALANCESHEET,INVESTMENTANDFINANCIALSITUATIONASUBSECTIONATTEMPTSTOBREAKFIGURESDOWNACCORDINGTOLOCATIONSOFACTIVITYTHESECONDPARTDEALSWITHTHEINDIRECTEFFECTS,WHICHCOMPLEMENTSTHEANALYSISOFTHEDIRECTEFFECTSTHEYAREEXPRESSEDINTERMSOFINDIRECTVALUEADDEDANDEMPLOYMENT,THENINTERMSOFSECTORTOS
28、ECTORLINKAGESTHETHIRDPARTTACKLESTHETRANSPORTLOGISTICSACTIVITIESWHICHCOULDNEITHERBERECORDEDNORANALYSEDVIATHISTRADITIONALSECTORALAPPROACHALASTPARAGRAPHSUMMARISESTHEANALYSISBYGLOBALISINGFIGURESBEFORESTARTINGTHEANALYSISOFTHECHANGESINDIRECTVALUEADDED,EMPLOYMENT,INVESTMENTANDFINANCIALHEALTHINTHESECTORSUND
29、ERREVIEW,ITISINTERESTINGTOLOOKINTOSOMEINLANDFREIGHTTRANSPORTFIGURESINBELGIUMEXPRESSEDINTONNES,ALMOST70PCOFTHETOTALISSHIPPEDBYROAD,9PCBYTRAINANDTHEREMAINING21PCBYINLANDWATERWAYSBUTONCEEXPRESSEDINTKMTONNEKILOMETRESTHETRUERELATIVESHARESOFTHEDIFFERENTMODESCANBEBESTOUTLINEDPERCENTAGEPOINTSDIFFERENCEWITH2
30、004BETWEENBRACKETSINOURCOUNTRY,IN2005,ROADSSTILLACCOUNTEDFOR724PC29PCOFTHETOTALFREIGHTTRANSPORT,RAILWAYS134PC14PCANDINLANDWATERWAYS142PC1PCWITHRESPECTTOTHEAVERAGESCOREOFTHEEU27,THESHAREOFROADTRANSPORTINTOTALINLANDFREIGHTTRANSPORTHASBEENLOWERINBELGIUMSINCE2004,THATOFRAILTRANSPORTISCONTINUOUSLYLOWERAN
31、DTHATOFINLANDWATERTRANSPORTISSUBSTANTIALLYHIGHERMORETHANDOUBLESINCE200355THISINDICATESTHATBELGIUMPLAYSAMAJORPARTINTHATLATTERMODE,BACKEDUPBYITSENDOWMENTINTERMSOFINLANDWATERNETWORKANDITSOPENNESSTOWARDSSHORTANDDEEPSEAROUTES,WHICHALLREMAINOUTSTANDINGANDREQUIREMOREATTENTIONANDSUPPORTTHANEVERTHEEXPECTEDEV
32、OLUTIONFORTHEPERIOD20002020ISREMARKABLE,ACCORDINGTOMANYOBSERVERSIFTHEOVERALLDEMANDFORGOODSTRANSPORTINCREASESBY70PCINTHATPERIODINTERMSOFTKM,THENROADTRANSPORTISEXPECTEDTOGROWBYMOREORLESS60PC,ANDBOTHRAILANDINLANDWATERTRANSPORTEACHBYROUGHLY100PC56SUCHPROGRESSISENHANCEDBYTHEBOOMOFCONTAINERISEDTRANSPORT2D
33、IGITGROWTHONAVERAGEINTHEPASTFEWYEARSANDMADEPOSSIBLEBYTHEINCREASINGCAPACITYOFFEREDBYMARITIMEPORTSTO6ACCOMMODATETHISTRENDCFDEURGANCKDOCKINANTWERP,TRILOGIPORTINLIEGE,APMTERMINALSINZEEBRUGGE,ETCITCOULDNEVERTHELESSBEHAMPEREDINTHELONGERRUNBYTHELIMITEDABSORPTIONCAPACITYOFTHESEPORTSHINTERLANDANDTHECONGESTIO
34、N57ISSUE,WHICHCANNOTBEIGNORED211VALUEADDEDIMPACTANDEVOLUTIONOVERALLANALYSISTHERISEINVALUEADDEDWASMOREMODERATEIN2005THANITWASIN2003AND2004GROWTHWASLIMITEDTO08PCINTHEOTHERLOGISTICSSECTORS,WHILEITREMAINEDSUSTAINEDINMOSTTRANSPORTSECTORS,SINCETHESEBRANCHESENJOYEDA10PCINCREASECHART1REFLECTSTHEGROWTHATCONS
35、TANTPRICESBETWEEN2004AND2005,THECONSTANTPRICEVAGROWTHAMOUNTEDTO29PCONAVERAGEFORTHE12ABOVEMENTIONEDSECTORS,WHICHISHIGHERTHANTHE2PCINCREASENOTEDBOTHATNATIONALLEVELANDINTHENONMANUFACTURINGBRANCHES58AT93BILLIONEUROIN2005,DIRECTVAACCOUNTSFOR31PCOFBELGIANGDP3CONCLUSIONTHEYEARS2005AND2006SAWACONTINUEDEXPAN
36、SIONINWORLDWIDETRADEANDMARITIMECARGOTRAFFIC,MAINLYSUSTAINEDBYTHETHRIVINGASIANECONOMIESBELGIUMWASNOEXCEPTIONTOTHERULECONTAINERISEDTRANSPORTISBOOMINGANDTHISCONSTITUTESACONSIDERABLEOPPORTUNITYFORTRANSPORTACTIVITIESANDTRANSPORTLOGISTICSINPARTICULARMARITIMEANDINLANDPORTS,LOGISTICALAREASANDDISTRIBUTIONCEN
37、TRESAREDEVELOPINGRAPIDLYLOGISTICSPERVADESTHEENTIREECONOMYAFTERGOINGTHROUGHAFEWDEFINITIONSOFTHETERM,WECAMETOTHECONCLUSIONTHATASINGLEANDLIMITATIVEDEFINITIONISNEEDEDTHEREFORE,THISSTUDYCONCENTRATESONAPARTICULARARRAYOFSECTORSCOMINGUNDERTHEFREIGHTTRANSPORTLOGISTICSLABELTHECLUSTERTHEYFORMISASTRATEGICONEFOR
38、OURSERVICEORIENTEDECONOMYTHEFEDERALANDREGIONALGOVERNMENTSAREAWAREOFTHETREMENDOUSECONOMICSTAKESINITSDEVELOPMENT,BYRECOGNIZINGITSSPECIFICITYCFTHE2007REVISIONOFTHECOMPOSITIONOFJOINTCOMMISSIONS140AND226THISIMPORTANCEISALSOMIRROREDBYTHEFINDINGSMADEINTHISPAPER,WHOSEMAINGOALISTOGIVEAFIRSTPICTUREOFTHENATION
39、ALECONOMICIMPACTOFFREIGHTTRANSPORTLOGISTICS,RATHERTHANSCRUTINIZINGTHETECHNICALORSTRUCTURALBACKGROUNDOFEVERYSINGLELOGISTICSSECTORTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHETRANSPORTSECTORISREFLECTEDINTHECHANGESOBSERVEDINTHE7CONTRIBUTIONTOTHENATIONALWEALTH,INTHEPOPULATIONEMPLOYEDINTHESESERVICESANDINTHEINVESTMENTTAKINGPLACEINTH
40、ECOMPANIESUNDERREVIEWTHESECTORALAPPROACHMAKESITPOSSIBLETOHIGHLIGHTTHEDIRECTCONTRIBUTIONOFTHECLUSTERINTERMSOFVALUEADDED,EMPLOYMENTANDINVESTMENT,OVERTHEPERIOD20002005,WITHAFIRSTASSESSMENTFOR2006LINKAGESBETWEENTHESECTORSUNDERREVIEWANDTHERESTOFTHEECONOMY,ANDINDIRECTVALUEADDEDANDEMPLOYMENTAREALSOESTIMATE
41、DMOREESTIMATESAREGIVENABOUTFREIGHTTRANSPORTLOGISTICSACTIVITIESWHICHCOULDNOTBEISOLATED,INSOFARASTHEYAREOPERATEDBYCOMPANIESWHICHDONOTBELONGTOTHECLUSTERSTUDIED,EITHERFORTHIRDPARTIESORFORTHEIROWNACCOUNTTHISVERYLASTCASEISREFERREDTOASINHOUSELOGISTICSWHICH,INSPITEOFTHEGROWTHOFSUBCONTRACTINGANDOUTSOURCING,S
42、TILLACCOUNTSFORASIGNIFICANTSHAREINFREIGHTTRANSPORTLOGISTICSACTIVITIESASAWHOLEBELGIUMBENEFITSFROMANOUTSTANDINGSITUATIONINEUROPEINTERMSOFTRANSPORTANDROUTESOFCOMMUNICATIONTHISISREFLECTEDINTHISPAPERSFINDINGSABOUTTHEECONOMICIMPORTANCEOFFREIGHTTRANSPORTLOGISTICSTHISCLUSTERSDIRECTVALUEADDEDHASBEENGROWINGRA
43、PIDLYSINCE2003IN2005,ITROSEBY29PCATCONSTANTPRICES,OWINGTOTHEEXPANSIONOFSEAANDCOASTALANDINLANDWATERTRANSPORT,ASWELLASAIRTRANSPORTANDCARGOSTORAGETHISPERCENTAGESHOULDBECOMPAREDTOTHE2PCINCREASENOTEDTHESAMEYEARBOTHATNATIONALLEVELBELGIANGDPINVOLUMEANDINTHENONMANUFACTURINGBRANCHESIN2006,ALOWERGROWTHRATEWAS
44、NOTED,AGROWTHMAINLYDRIVENBYOTHERLOGISTICSSECTORSATTHESAMETIMEVALUEADDEDINROADTRANSPORTANDPOSTALSERVICESSTAGNATEDINCLUDINGINDIRECTVALUEADDED,THEECONOMICIMPACTOFTHECLUSTERUNDERREVIEWAMOUNTEDTO5PCOFBELGIANGDPIN2005THEANALYSISOFTHETOP20POINTSTOSOMESPREADINGOFLOGISTICSACTIVITY,THECLUSTERUNDERCONSIDERATIO
45、NBEINGMADEUPOFAMYRIADOFSMESCOMPLEXHIGHVALUEADDEDLOGISTICSSECTORSTENDTOGROWFASTERTHANPURETRANSPORTSECTORSINTHELONGRUN,EXCEPTINTHECASEOFMARITIMETRANSPORTTHISISOBSERVEDINACONTEXTOFEVERINCREASINGINTERNATIONALCOMPETITIONANDEASIERRELOCATIONOFBASICTRANSPORTOPERATIONSDIRECTEMPLOYMENTINFREIGHTTRANSPORTLOGIST
46、ICSGREWBETWEEN2000AND2004BUTWENTTHROUGHAMODERATEDIPIN200507PCTHISWASMAINLYTHERESULTOFRESTRUCTURINGINPOSTALSERVICESANDRAILTRANSPORT,SECTORSWHICHAREBEINGGRADUALLYLIBERALISEDONAEUROPEANSCALEEMPLOYMENTSTAGNATEDINROADTRANSPORT,WHILEMOSTOFTHEOTHERLOGISTICSSECTORSSAWSOMEPROGRESS,WHICHCONTINUEDINTOTHENEXTYE
47、ARTHEEMPLOYMENTFIGURESPICKEDUPIN82006,THANKSTOWATERTRANSPORTANDOTHERLOGISTICSSERVICESINCLUDINGINDIRECTFIGURES,EMPLOYMENTGENERATEDBYTHECLUSTERSTUDIEDACCOUNTEDFOR53PCOFBELGIANDOMESTICEMPLOYMENTIN2005THEPERCENTAGEOFWOMENEMPLOYEDINTHISCLUSTERISSTILLBELOWTHENATIONALAVERAGEBUTTHEYTENDTOGETMORETRAININGOPPO
48、RTUNITIES,WHILERECRUITMENTAMONGTHEBETTEREDUCATEDWORKERSISHIGHERTHANEVERBEFOREANDTHEPROPORTIONOFWHITECOLLARWORKERSISSTILLRISINGIN2005,ASUBSTANTIALRISEWASALSORECORDEDINTHENUMBEROFHOURSWORKEDBYEXTERNALSTAFFTHEEVOLUTIONOFPARTTIMEWORKING,STILLFAIRLYLIMITEDCOMPAREDWITHNATIONALFIGURES,DEPENDSONTHESECTORCON
49、SIDEREDBUTTHESTRONGINTERNATIONALCOMPETITIONINPARTICULARWITHFASTGROWINGEASTEUROPEANECONOMIESMOSTTRANSPORTSECTORSAREFACINGGOESALONGWAYTOWARDSEXPLAININGTHEFAIRLYLOWWAGELEVEL,QUITEHIGHSTAFFTURNOVERRATEANDTHECONTINUOUSSPECIALISATIONANDINTEGRATIONOFLOGISTICSACTIVITIES译文比利时运输物流的经济效应摘要本文是由比利时的国家银行出具的微观经济分析的出版物是第一个研究比利时的运输物流项目的成果。在过去的几年里，物流业已变成了在我们国家创造财富的重要组成部分，在我们国家，经济是由服务驱动的一个重要组成部分。这项研究可以被看作是2007年5月出版的第115号工作文件的延伸。由于审查活动是和一般运输或者特殊的海运运输密切联系在一起的。考虑到这是第一次尝试估计比利时运输物流经济的重要性，通过部门合作对一些重点货运后勤部门的关注，来区分在欧洲共同体内部经济活动的分类。这种影响分为两部分直接影响和间接影响。此外，短期的分析提供了有关的其他活动，如内部物流配送中心和欧洲经济的影响。2000年2005年这个阶段为每一个分部门提供了一些事态
