1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目ALOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTAPPROACHTOPORTPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENT出处MARITPOLMGMT作者KHALIDBICHOUANDRICHARDGRAY原文ALOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTAPPROACHTOPORTPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENTBYKHALIDBICHOUANDRICHARDGRAYMARITPOLMGMT2004VOL31,NO1,4767ABSTRACTALTHOUGHTHEREISWIDESPREADRECOGNITIO
2、NOFTHEPOTENTIALOFPORTSASLOGISTICSCENTRES,WIDELYACCEPTEDPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENTSFORSUCHCENTRESHAVEYETTOBEDEVELOPEDTHEESSENCEOFLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTISANINTEGRATIVEAPPROACHTOTHEINTERACTIONOFDIFFERENTPROCESSESANDFUNCTIONSWITHINAFIRMEXTENDEDTOANETWORKOFORGANIZATIONSFORTHEPURPOSEOFCOSTREDUCTION
3、ANDCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONTHELOGISTICSAPPROACHOFTENADOPTSACOSTTRADEOFFANALYSISBETWEENFUNCTIONS,PROCESSESANDEVENSUPPLYCHAINSTHISAPPROACHCOULDBEBENEFICIALTOPORTEFFICIENCYBYDIRECTINGPORTSTRATEGYTOWARDSRELEVANTVALUEADDEDLOGISTICSACTIVITIESTHISPAPERSEEKSTOSHOWTHATTHROUGHCONCEPTUALIZINGPORTSFROMALOGISTICSAND
4、SUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTAPPROACH,ITISPOSSIBLETOSUGGESTARELEVANTFRAMEWORKOFPORTPERFORMANCEAPROPOSEDFRAMEWORKISTESTEDINASURVEYOFPORTMANAGERSANDOTHERINTERNATIONALEXPERTSINTRODUCTION2MEASURESOFPORTEFFICIENCYORPERFORMANCEINDICATORSUSEADIVERSERANGEOFTECHNIQUESFORASSESSMENTANDANALYSIS,BUTALTHOUGHMANYANALYTICA
5、LTOOLSANDINSTRUMENTSEXIST,APROBLEMARISESWHENONETRIESTOAPPLYTHEMTOARANGEOFPORTSANDTERMINALSPORTSAREVERYDISSIMILARANDEVENWITHINASINGLEPORTTHECURRENTORPOTENTIALACTIVITIESCANBEBROADINSCOPEANDNATURE,SOTHATTHECHOICEOFANAPPROPRIATETOOLOFANALYSISISDIFFICULTORGANIZATIONALDISSIMILARITYCONSTITUTESASERIOUSLIMIT
6、ATIONTOENQUIRY,NOTONLYCONCERNINGWHATTOMEASUREBUTALSOHOWTOMEASUREFURTHERMORE,THECONCEPTOFEFFICIENCYISVAGUEANDPROVESDIFFICULTTOAPPLYINATYPICALPORTORGANIZATIONEXTENDINGACROSSPRODUCTION,TRADINGANDSERVICEINDUSTRIESPORTSHAVEANIMPORTANTROLETOPLAYINTHEINTEGRATIONOFALLTHREETYPESOFCHANNELTHEREAREMANYORGANIZAT
7、IONSOCCUPIEDORPOTENTIALLYOCCUPIEDWITHLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAININTEGRATIONWITHINANDAROUNDPORTS,MAINLYINTHEROLEOFLOGISTICSCHANNELFACILITATORSOCEANCARRIERS,LANDBASEDCARRIERS,PORTOPERATORS,FREIGHTFORWARDERS,PORTAGENTS,ETC,BUTALSOASPUBLICINSTITUTIONSSUCHASCUSTOMSAUTHORITIESTHISPAPERSEEKSTOADOPTANAPPROACHTH
8、ATINCORPORATESWITHINAVALIDFRAMEWORKOFANALYSISEXISTINGMEASURESOFPORTPERFORMANCEANDEFFICIENCY,THEASSOCIATIONOFPORTSWITHLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENT,ANDAPPROPRIATEMEASURESOFLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTEFFICIENCYBACKGROUNDLITERATUREPORTPERFORMANCEANDEFFICIENCYUNCTADSUGGESTSTWOCATEGORIESOFPORTP
9、ERFORMANCEINDICATORSMACROPERFORMANCEINDICATORSQUANTIFYINGAGGREGATEPORTIMPACTSONECONOMICACTIVITY,ANDMICROPERFORMANCEINDICATORSEVALUATINGINPUT/OUTPUTRATIOMEASUREMENTSOFPORTOPERATIONSINTHISPAPER,WEFOCUSONTHEMICROLEVELVARIOUSREFERENCES,PARTICULARLYUNCTADMONOGRAPHS,PROVIDEARANGEOFPORTINDICATORSBYRATIOTYP
10、EANDCATEGORYOFOPERATIONTHEREAREMANYWAYSOFMEASURINGPORTEFFICIENCYORPRODUCTIVITY,ALTHOUGHREDUCIBLETOTHREEBROADCATEGORIESPHYSICALINDICATORS,FACTORPRODUCTIVITYINDICATORS,ANDECONOMICANDFINANCIALINDICATORSPHYSICALINDICATORSGENERALLYREFERTOTIMEMEASURESANDAREMAINLYCONCERNEDWITHTHESHIPEGSHIPTURNAROUNDTIME,SH
11、IPWAITINGTIME,BERTHOCCUPANCYRATE,WORKINGTIMEATBERTHSOMETIMES,COORDINATIONWITHLANDMODESOFTRANSPORTISMEASURED,EGCARGODWELLTIMEORTHETIMEELAPSEDBETWEENCARGOBEINGUNLOADEDFROMASHIPUNTILITLEAVESTHEPORTFACTOR3PRODUCTIVITYINDICATORSALSOTENDTOFOCUSONTHEMARITIMESIDEOFTHEPORT,FOREXAMPLETOMEASUREBOTHLABOURANDCAP
12、ITALREQUIREDTOLOADORUNLOADGOODSFROMASHIPSIMILARLY,ECONOMICANDFINANCIALINDICATORSAREUSUALLYRELATEDTOTHESEAACCESSFOREXAMPLE,OPERATINGSURPLUSORTOTALINCOMEANDEXPENDITURERELATEDTOGROSSREGISTEREDTONNESGRTORNETREGISTEREDTONNESNRT,ORCHARGEPERTWENTYFOOTEQUIVALENTUNITTEUPORTIMPACTSONTHEECONOMYARESOMETIMESMEAS
13、UREDTOASSESSTHEECONOMICANDSOCIALIMPACTSOFASEAPORTONITSRESPECTIVEHINTERLANDORFORELANDTHERESULTSMAYBEPROVIDEDINPORTSTATISTICS,EGTHEPORTOFROTTERDAMORBYRESEARCHINSTITUTESSUCHASISEMARINFRANCEMANYPORTS,PARTICULARLYTHOSEINURBANAREAS,HAVEINADEQUATELANDSIDECONNECTIONSLANDSIDEEFFICIENCYALSONEEDSTOBEADDRESSEDW
14、HENWAYSARESOUGHTTOEXPANDPORTCAPACITYPORTCAPACITYISDIFFICULTTOMEASUREOREVENTODEFINEITIS,NEVERTHELESS,LIKELYTOBEEASIERFORAPORTTOMAKEBETTERUSEOFEXISTINGCAPACITYRATHERTHANSUBSIDIZENEWTRANSPORTINFRASTRUCTUREALOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINAPPROACHMAYACHIEVEBETTERUSEOFPORTCAPACITYPORTACTIVITIESAREUSUALLYMEASUREDB
15、YCARGOOUTPUTORTHROUGHPRODUCTIONFUNCTIONSINTHEFIRSTCASE,THEASSESSMENTOFEFFICIENCYISBASEDEITHERONTHECONTRIBUTIONOFASINGLEFACTORPRODUCTIVITYTOPORTTHROUGHPUTSUCHASOUTPUTPERWORKEROROUTPUTPERWHARF,ORONTHEMEASUREMENTOFTOTALCARGOHANDLINGPRODUCTIVITY,WHEREPERFORMANCEEVALUATIONEQUATESPORTOPERATIONSTOTHEPRODUC
16、TIONFUNCTIONMUCHEMPIRICALRESEARCHFALLSUNDERTHISCATEGORYANDSEEKSTOCOMPAREACTUALOUTPUTTOOPTIMUMOUTPUTUSINGTHEFRONTIERMETHODREVIEWOFPORTLITERATURERELEVANTTOLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTINTHEPORTANDSHIPPINGLITERATURE,FEWAUTHORSHAVEADDRESSEDTHEISSUEOFLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTWITHINPORTSANDACR
17、OSSTHEIRNETWORKOFORGANIZATIONS,ANDMANYPUBLISHEDWORKSADOPTAFRAGMENTEDAPPROACHTOPORTOPERATIONSALTHOUGHCURRENTLITERATURERECOGNIZESTHEROLEOFPORTSASINTEGRALCOMPONENTSOFDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMS,MANYSTUDIESDISAGGREGATETOTALPORTOPERATIONSANDFOCUSONSINGLEORAFEWELEMENTSOFPORTACTIVITYLITERATUREONPORTLOGISTICSHASONL
18、YDEVELOPEDOVERTHELASTTWODECADESORSO,FOREXAMPLEBYUNCTADTHROUGHASERIESOFMONOGRAPHSONPORTMANAGEMENTANDOPERATIONS,ORTHEWORLDBANKSPORTREFORMTOOLKITDESCRIBINGRECENTTRENDSINPORTMANAGEMENTAND4SUGGESTINGAFRAMEWORKFORPORTREFORMANDDEVELOPMENTUNCTADDEFINESTHIRDGENERATIONPORTSASTHOSEOFFERINGVALUEADDEDSERVICESEGW
19、AREHOUSING,PACKAGINGINADDITIONTOCARGOHANDLING,ANDFOURTHGENERATIONPORTSASTHOSETHATARESEPARATEDGEOGRAPHICALLYBUTWITHCOMMONOPERATORSORADMINISTRATION,SUCHASBYGLOBALMULTIPORTCOMPANIES42INANEFFORTTOASSESSTHELOGISTICSPOTENTIALOFPORTS,HARDINGANDJUHELDISTINGUISHBETWEENGENERALLOGISTICSSERVICESGLSANDVALUEADDED
20、ACTIVITIESORLOGISTICSVAL,WITHTHELATTERBEINGACOMMONFEATUREOFCONTAINERISEDANDGENERALCARGOTHEYHIGHLIGHTTHEINCREASINGROLEOFPORTSASDISTRIPARKSORDEDICATEDAREASFORBOTHGLSANDVALTHEYALSOPOINTOUTTHEFUTUREOFINLANDLOGISTICSCENTRESORDRYPORTSEGINLANDCONTAINERDEPOTSFORLOGISTICSOPERATIONSTHATDONOTNEEDTOBECARRIEDOUT
21、INTHESEAPORTAREAMUCHOFTHELITERATUREADVOCATINGTHEFUTUREOFPORTSASLOGISTICSCENTRESHIGHLIGHTSTHEIRNODALROLEINTHECHANGINGPATTERNSOFMARITIMEANDINTERMODALTRANSPORTEGHUBANDSPOKESYSTEMS,BUTOVERLOOKSLOGISTICSINTEGRATIONOFTHEVARIOUSACTIVITIESPERFORMEDWITHINTHEPORTORGANIZATIONITSELFMOSTPUBLISHEDARTICLESADDRESSS
22、EPARATELYDIFFERENTASPECTSOFPORTMANAGEMENTCOSTANALYSIS,MARKETING,STRATEGICPLANNING,ETCWITHOUTINCORPORATINGTHEMINTOANINTEGRATEDLOGISTICSFRAMEWORKOFCUSTOMERSERVICE,TOTALCOSTSORTRADEOFFANALYSISFORINSTANCE,THEQUESTIONOFTHETOTALCOSTTHATACARGOBEARSTHROUGHOUTDIFFERENTPORTOPERATIONSUPTOTHEFINALCUSTOMERORUSER
23、DOESNOTAPPEARTOHAVEBEENDISCUSSEDINTHEACADEMICLITERATURETHESAMEAPPLIESTOCOMPETITIVEBENCHMARKINGBETWEENTHEMANAGEMENTOFSEAPORTSANDTHATOFOTHERENTITIESWITHSIMILAROPERATIONALFEATURES,EGAIRPORTSORREGIONALDISTRIBUTIONCENTRESFORSOME,THISFRAGMENTEDAPPROACHISMAINLYDUETOTHECOMPLEXORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTUREANDMANAG
24、EMENTOFPORTS,ALTHOUGHRECENTPORTPRIVATIZATIONSCHEMESMAYHAVEMADEITRELATIVELYEASIERTOAPPLYANINTEGRATIVELOGISTICSAPPROACHTOPORTOPERATIONSFLEMINGANDBAIRDCONSIDERTHATTHELACKOFACOMPETITIVECOMMUNITYSPIRITAMONGDIFFERENTPORTACTORSEGCUSTOMSAUTHORITIESISLARGELYBEHINDTHEDIFFICULTYOFMANAGINGACTIVITIESFROMALOGISTI
25、CSPERSPECTIVETHECOMPLEXORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTUREOFPORTSHASALWAYSBEENACENTRALISSUEINMOSTASPECTSOFPORTMANAGEMENT,ANDPROBABLYCONSTITUTESTHEMAJOROBSTACLETOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFACOMPREHENSIVECONCEPTUALFRAMEWORKOFPORTLOGISTICSMANAGEMENTSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTEXTENDSTHEPRINCIPLEOFLOGISTICSINTEGRATIONTOALLCOMPANIES5
26、INTHESUPPLYCHAINTHROUGHSTRATEGICPARTNERSHIPSANDCOOPERATIONARRANGEMENTSSOMEREGARDTHENEXTCHALLENGEOFSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTISTOMANAGEPLIANTFLOWSSOASTOENSURETHATALLPARTSOFTHECHAINOSCILLATETOGETHERINANHOLISTICFASHIONINSIMILARVEIN,OTHERSSTRESSTHENEEDFORAGILESUPPLYCHAINSINORDERTOSURVIVEINARAPIDLYCHANGINGGLO
27、BALENVIRONMENTPAIXAOANDMARLOWADVOCATETHEAPPLICATIONOFAGILITYTOTHEPORTENVIRONMENT,PROPOSINGTHATPORTSSHOULDBEPROACTIVERATHERTHANREACTIVEALONGSUPPLYCHAINSINAMODERNGLOBALIZEDWORLDECONOMYREVIEWOFRELEVANTLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMEASUREMENTSMANYTECHNIQUESOFLOGISTICSMEASUREMENTADOPTRATIOINSTRUMENTSOFFINANCIA
28、LREPORTINGANDPRODUCTIVEEFFICIENCYFORINSTANCE,LOGISTICSPERFORMANCEISASSESSEDTHROUGHPRODUCTIVITYANDUTILIZATIONMEASUREMENT,ORBYAPPLYINGTHEDEAMODELTOINTERNATIONALCHANNELPRODUCTIVITYMOSTOFTHEAVAILABLELOGISTICSMEASUREMENTSCORRESPONDTOAFIRMSINTERNALFUNCTIONSANDPROCESSESFOREXAMPLE,AREPORTBYTHEEUROPEANLOGIST
29、ICSASSOCIATIONARRANGESLOGISTICSPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENTSINTOEIGHTGROUPS,BUTDOESNOTORGANIZETHEMINTOANINTEGRATIVEANDCOMPREHENSIVEFRAMEWORKMEASUREMENTTECHNIQUESTHATHAVEGAINEDRECOGNITIONFROMLOGISTICSPROFESSIONALSINCLUDEACTIVITYBASEDCOSTINGABCANDTOTALCOSTANALYSISTCATHEFORMERPROPOSESANEVALUATIONOFTHECOSTSOF
30、AFIRMSACTIVITIESBASEDONTHEACTUALRESOURCESANDTIMECONSUMEDTOPERFORMTHEM,WHEREASTHELATTERPROPOSESATRADEOFFANALYSISAMONGDIFFERENTINTERNALFUNCTIONSTOMINIMIZETHETOTALCOST,WHILEATTHESAMETIMEMAINTAININGCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONTHEUSEOFTCAISEXTENDEDTOEXTERNALLOGISTICSPERFORMANCEBYINTEGRATINGVARIOUSFLOWSANDPROCESS
31、ESINTHESUPPLYCHAININTHEAREAOFSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENT,THEACADEMICLITERATUREHASBEENLESSSUCCESSFULINPROVIDINGVALIDTOOLSFORPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENT,ANDMOSTPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENTSHAVEBEENINITIATEDBYPRACTITIONERSORCONSULTANTSRATHERTHANTHROUGHACADEMICRESEARCHEXCEPTIONSINCLUDEKAPLANANDNORTONWHOCOMBINESEVERALDIM
32、ENSIONSOFPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENTTHEYPROVIDEALINEARCAUSEANDEFFECTMODELCLAIMEDTOSERVEBOTHMEASUREMENTANDMANAGEMENTOBJECTIVESTHESUPPLYCHAINOPERATIONSREFERENCESCORINITIATIVEUNDERTAKENBYTHESUPPLYCHAINCOUNCILSCCATTEMPTSTOINTEGRATEPROCESSREENGINEERING,BENCHMARKING,ANDPROCESSMEASUREMENTSINTOACROSSFUNCTIONALFR
33、AMEWORKHOLMBERGSMODELPROPOSESACONCEPTUALFRAMEWORKOFPERFORMANCEANALYSIS6THROUGHOUTASYSTEMSAPPROACHTOSUPPLYCHAINMEASUREMENTPROCESSBENCHMARKINGISATECHNIQUETHATPROPOSESTHECOLLABORATIONOFALLMEMBERSINTHESUPPLYCHAINFORTHEPURPOSEOFPROCESSCOMPARISONANDPERFORMANCEANALYSISINSTITUTIONSATTHETRADECHANNELLEVELCANP
34、LAYAVALUABLEANDNEUTRALROLEINBENCHMARKINGANYVALIDPERFORMANCEMODEL,WITHINALOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTCONTEXT,SHOULDINTEGRATEDIFFERENTMEASURESOFINTERNALACTIVITIESANDLINKTHEMTOMEASUREMENTACTIVITIESOFOTHERENTITIESINTHESUPPLYCHAINTOWARDSALOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINAPPROACHFORPORTSFROMTHEABOVEDISCUSSION,
35、ITAPPEARSTHATTHEREMAYBEAMETHODOLOGICALDIFFICULTYINLINKINGSUPPLYCHAINPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENTSTOPORTSTRADITIONALPORTMANAGEMENTISOFTENTYPIFIEDBYINSTITUTIONALFRAGMENTATIONANDCONFLICTWITHOTHERMEMBERSOFTHELOGISTICSCHANNEL,WHEREASTHESUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTPHILOSOPHYADVOCATESPROCESSINTEGRATIONANDPARTNERSHIPASY
36、STEMICAPPROACHTOPORTPERFORMANCEISREQUIREDTHESYSTEMSAPPROACHSHOULDALLOWANEUTRALANDOBJECTIVEPERCEPTIONOFAPROBLEMSDEFINITIONANDINVESTIGATION,ANDPARTICULARLYHELPSINOVERCOMINGTHEOBSTACLESOFCHANNELIDENTIFICATIONANDCONFLICTINGSTANDPOINTSHOWEVER,DESPITESUCCESSIVEATTEMPTSTOAPPLYTHESYSTEMSAPPROACHTOOPERATIONA
37、LPROBLEMSINSHIPPINGANDPORTS,VERYFEWWOULDCLAIMTOAPPLYTHECONCEPTOFSYSTEMSTHINKINGTOTHEWHOLEPORTORGANIZATIONMETHODOLOGYACTIONRESEARCHTHEMETHODOLOGYADOPTEDFORTHISSTUDYWORKSWITHINTHEACTIONRESEARCHPARADIGMACTIONRESEARCHISAPROCESSSUITABLEWHERECHANGEISTHEMAINRESEARCHSUBJECT,ANDTHERESEARCHERPARTICIPATESINTHE
38、CHANGEPROCESSITREQUIRESACLOSERELATIONSHIPANDCOLLABORATIONBETWEENPRACTITIONERSANDRESEARCHERS,MADEPOSSIBLEINTHERESEARCHDESCRIBEDINTHISPAPERWHENONEOFTHEAUTHORSUNDERTOOKASHORTTERMAPPOINTMENTWITHTHEWORLDBANKACTIONRESEARCHISMOSTSUITABLEFORTECHNIQUEDEVELOPMENTORTHEORYBUILDING,BUTISLESSSUITABLEFORHYPOTHESIS
39、TESTINGITSADVANTAGEOVERTRADITIONALSURVEYAPPROACHESISTHATTHELATTERTENDTOBEPASTORIENTEDORSNAPSHOTS,WHEREASACTIONRESEARCHISAFORWARDLOOKINGPROCESSWITHIMPLICATIONSBEYONDTHEIMMEDIATEPROJECTACTIONRESEARCHIS7UNDERTAKENBYUSINGANAPPROPRIATEINTERVENTIONTECHNIQUEANALOGOUSTOEXPERIMENTATIONTHETECHNIQUEUSEDINTHISA
40、PPROACHISTOPRESENTPORTMANAGERSANDOTHEREXPERTSWITHAMODELOFPORTPERFORMANCEFOREXAMINATIONANDASSESSMENTBYTHEM,LEADINGTOANIMPROVEDMODELTHISTECHNIQUEISSUPPORTEDBYAQUESTIONNAIREOFPORTMANAGERSFOCUSINGONPERFORMANCEINDICATORSEXPLORATORYINVESTIGATIONINTOFEASIBILITYOFPORTPERFORMANCEMODELASANEXPLORATORYINVESTIGA
41、TION,INDIVIDUALSWITHDIFFERENTTYPESOFEXPERTISERELATEDTOPORTSWEREAPPROACHEDTOCOMMENTONTHERELEVANCEANDFEASIBILITYOFTHEPROPOSEDMODEL,SHOWNINFIGURE3WITHCOVERINGNOTESSEEAPPENDIXTHEPARTICIPANTSCONSISTEDOFTHREEPANELSOFEXPERTS,NAMELYANALYSISANDRESULTSQUESTIONNAIRERESPONSESANDANALYSISTHEQUESTIONNAIREINVESTIGA
42、TEDCURRENTTECHNIQUESOFPORTPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENTTHE45RESPONDENTPORTSCONFIRMEDTHEREGULARUSEOFCOMBINEDINDICATORSFORBOTHINTERNALANDEXTERNALPERFORMANCEEVALUATIONASSHOWNINTABLE2,FINANCIALMEASURESARETHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSED,CLOSELYFOLLOWEDBYTHROUGHPUTMEASURESFORINTERNALPERFORMANCE,WHEREASPRODUCTIVITYANDECONOMI
43、CIMPACTINDICATORSBECOMEMOREPROMINENTFOREXTERNALCOMPARISONWITHOTHERPORTSMOSTPORTSWERENOTSATISFIEDWITHTHECURRENTINDICATORSSEETABLE3HOWEVER,WHENASKEDABOUTLOGISTICSTECHNIQUESFORPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENTANDMANAGEMENTOVERHALFOFTHEPORTSREPLIEDTHATTHEYUSETHEMVERYSELDOMORNEVERSEETABLE4ALTHOUGHRESPONSESMAYREFLEC
44、TALACKOFINTERESTINLOGISTICSOPERATIONSANDMANAGEMENT,ANALTERNATIVEEXPLANATIONMAYBETHEDIFFICULTYINUNDERSTANDINGORAPPLYINGLOGISTICSCONCEPTSANDMEASUREMENTTECHNIQUESCOMMENTSBYEXPERTPANELSONMODELVALIDITYFIGURE3ANDTHEAPPENDIXPRESENTAMODELAPPLYINGLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTCONCEPTSTOPORTPERFORMANCEMEAS
45、UREMENTTHEMODELWASSENTTOANDDISCUSSEDWITHDIFFERENTPARTICIPANTSTOASSESSITSVALIDITYANDFEASIBILITYWITHINTHECONTEXTOFPORTOPERATIONSANDMANAGEMENTRESPONSESVARIEDINMANYASPECTS,ALTHOUGHALLCONSIDERED8THEMODELVALIDASAFIRSTINITIATIVETHATLOOKSATPORTEFFICIENCYFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTT
46、HEFOLLOWINGSECTIONSPRESENTANDANALYSETHERESPONSESBYEACHOFTHETHREEEXPERTPANELSCONCLUSIONSTHERESEARCHAIMSATCONCEPTUALIZINGTHEPORTSYSTEMFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENT,ANDSUGGESTINGAVALIDFRAMEWORKOFEFFICIENCYMEASUREMENTCAPABLEOFREFLECTINGTHELOGISTICSSCOPEOFPORTOPERATIONSANDCOMPLEME
47、NTING,IFNOTREPLACING,THECONVENTIONALMETHODSFORPORTPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENTANDMANAGEMENTBIASEDTOWARDSSEAACCESSBYADOPTINGASTRUCTUREDAPPROACHANDMETHODOLOGYANDINVOLVINGARANGEOFINTERESTGROUPS,THEAUTHORSTRIEDTOENSUREAVALIDANDRELIABLEINQUIRYGIVENTHETIMEANDCOSTCONSTRAINTSTHERESULTSSHOWACOMMONINTERESTINLOGISTI
48、CSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTCONCEPTSACROSSTHEVARIOUSPANELSOFEXPERTSRESPONDENTSFROMTHEPORTGROUPSHOWEDALACKOFFAMILIARITYWITHLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTCONCEPTS,ESPECIALLYTHOSERELATEDTOLOGISTICSINTEGRATION,BENCHMARKINGANDCHANNELDESIGN,ALTHOUGHTHEREISCOMMONRECOGNITIONOFPORTSASKEYLOGISTICSANDDISTRIBU
49、TIONCENTRES译文用港口物流及供应链管理方法来评价港口绩效KHALIDBICHOUANDRICHARDGRAY摘要尽管港口作为物流中心潜在能力已被广泛的认同，但还没有一个被大家广泛接受的性能测量标准出现。物流与供应链管理本质是通过一种综合性的方法使一个企业的网络组织在不同的流程和功能的相互作用下降低企业成本并且使客户得到满意。物流效率通常是在功能，流程甚至供应链之间采用成本权衡的分析方法计算得出。这种方法通过引导港区的物流发展使经济战略走向增值化，同时还利于提高港口的效率。本文旨在表明，通过把港口物流与供应链管理方法概念化，并提出一个有关港口性能的框架，拟议的框架对港口的管理人员和其他国际专家进行了问卷调查。9简介港口效率或者性能是通过各种不同的指标来评估和分析的，不过尽管有许多分析工具和手段存在，但是有许多问题出现当人们试图将这种方法应用到一个港口或者码头的时候。因为每一个港口都是不一样的，甚至在一个单一的港口目前的和潜在的范围和性质都是可以发生变化的，所以选择一个适当的分析工具是相当困难的。组织上的相异性严重的限制了资料的查询，怎么来衡量，如何来衡量都是问题。此外，效率的概念是模糊的，难以证明一个典型的港口组织产业已延伸至生产，贸易和服务行业。港口在参与的三种类型的渠道整合中扮演了一个重要的角色。有许多港口组织和周
