普通植物病理学试题库.doc

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1、普通植物病理学试题题库第一部分:拉丁学名一、 病原菌拉丁学名1、真菌Plasmodiophora (根肿菌属) Physoderma (节壶菌属)Achlya (绵霉属) Pythium (腐霉属) Phytophthora(疫霉属) Peronospora(霜霉属)Spongospora (粉痂菌属) Polymyxa (多粘菌属)Saprolegnia (水霉属) Aphanomyces(丝囊霉属) Sclerospora(指梗霉属) Plasmopara (单轴霉属) Pseudoperonospora (假霜霉属) Bremia (盘梗霉属) Albugo( 白锈属 ) Peronop

2、hthora( 霜疫霉属 )Rhizopus (根霉属) Mucor(毛霉属) Choanephora(笄霉属) Absidia(犁头霉属)Taphrina(外囊菌属) Blumeria(布氏白粉属) Ceratocystis(长喙壳属) Gibberella(赤霉属) Valsa(黑腐皮壳属) Elsinoe(痂囊腔菌属) Guignardia(球座菌属) Venturia (黑星菌属) Sclerotinia (核盘菌属) Erysiphe(白粉属属) Sphaerotheca(单丝壳属)Podosphaera (叉丝单囊壳属) Phyllactinia(球针壳属) Uncinula (钩

3、丝壳属) Microsphaera(叉丝壳属)Meliola(小煤炱属) Glomerella (小丛壳属) Gaeumannomyces(顶囊壳属) Cryphonectria(隐球丛赤壳属) Gnomonia(日规壳属) Phyllachora(黑痣菌属) Diaporthe (间座壳属) Claviceps (麦角菌属) Myrangium(多腔菌属) Mycosphaerella(球腔菌属)Sphaerulina(亚球壳属) Pleospora(格孢腔菌属) Pyrenophora(核腔菌属) Cochliobolus(旋孢腔菌属) Rhytisma(斑痣盘菌属) Lophodermi

4、um (散斑壳属) Puccinia(柄锈菌属) Gymnosporangium(胶锈菌属) Ustilago (黑粉菌属) Tranzschelia (疣双胞锈菌属) Uromyces (单胞锈菌属) Phakopsora (层锈菌属) Melampsora (栅锈菌属)Urocystis (条黑粉菌属)Entyloma (叶黑粉菌属) Tilletia (腥黑粉菌属) Sphacelotheca (轴黑粉菌属) Neovossia (尾孢黑粉菌属)Doassansia (实球黑粉菌属) Septobasidium (隔担菌属)Helicobasidium (卷担子属) Exobasidiu

5、m (外担菌属) Phragmidium (多胞锈菌属)Pyricularia (梨孢属属) Penicillium (青霉属) Bipolaris (平脐蠕孢属) Fusarium (镰孢属) Rhizoctonia (丝核菌属) Colletotrichum (炭疽菌属)Macrophomina (壳球孢属)Monilia (丛梗孢属) Botrytis (葡萄孢属) Trichothecium (聚瑞孢属) Ramularia (柱隔孢属) Oidium (粉孢属) Aspergillus (曲霉属) Verticillium (轮枝孢属) Cercospora (尾孢属) Altern

6、aria (链格孢属) Cladosporium (枝孢属)Fusicladium (黑星孢属) Drechslera(内脐蠕孢属) Exserohilum (突脐蠕孢属) Curvularia (弯孢属) Sclerotium (小核菌属) Ustilaginoidea (绿核菌属) Sphaceloma (痂圆孢属) Marssonina (盘二孢属) Cylindrosporium (柱盘孢属) Pestalotia (盘多毛孢属) Phoma (茎点霉属) Phyllosticta (叶点霉属) Macrophoma (大茎点霉属) Phomopsis (拟茎点霉属)Septoria

7、(壳针孢属) Cytospora (壳囊孢属) Diplodia (色二孢属) Ascochyta(壳二孢属)2细菌Agrobacterium(土壤杆菌属) Erwinia (欧氏杆菌属) Pseudomonas (假单胞杆菌属) Xanthomonas (黄单胞杆菌属)Ralstonia(拉尔氏菌属) Burkholderia (布克氏菌属) Xylella (木质部小菌属) Liberobacter(韧皮部杆菌属)Clavibacter (棒形杆菌属) Arthrobacter (节杆菌属) Curtobacterium (短小杆菌属) Rhodococcus(红球菌属) Bacillus

8、(芽孢杆菌属) Streptomyces(链丝菌属)Phytoplasma(植原体属) Spiroplasma (螺原体属)3病毒Tobamovirus (烟草花叶病毒属) Cucumovius (黄瓜花叶病毒属)Potyvirus (马铃薯 Y 病毒属) Luteovirus (黄症病毒属)Nepovirus(蠕传病毒属) Furovirus(真菌传杆状病毒属)Sobemovirus(南方菜豆花叶病毒属) Phytoreovirus (植物呼肠孤病毒属)Geminivirus(联体病毒属)4线虫Anguina ( 粒线虫属 ) Ditylenchus ( 茎线虫属 )Heterodera (

9、 异皮线虫属 ) Meloidogyne (根结线虫属)Aphelenchoides( 滑刃线虫属 )5寄生性种子植物Cuscuta(菟丝子属) Orobanche (列当属)Loranthus(桑寄生属) Viscum (槲寄生属)Striga(独脚金属)二、 请写出引起下列病害的病原菌拉丁文属名(不写种名)十字花科霜霉病 十字花科软腐病 茄科青枯病 马铃薯晚疫病 小麦白粉病 稻瘟病 柑橘溃疡病 棉花枯萎病第二部分:名词解释半寄生:孢囊孢子(sporangiospore):孢子(spore):孢子囊(sporangium):胞间联丝:胞 囊(cyst):被动抗病性(passive resis

10、tance):闭囊壳(cleistothecium):避病性(avoidance):并发症(complex symptoms):病毒(Virus):病害三角(disease triangle):病害循环(disease cycle ):病害严重度(disease severity):病情指数(disease index):病因:病原生物(pathogen):病征(sign ):藏 卵器(oogonitun):层出现象(proliferation ):长生活史型(long life-cycle):初次侵染(Primary infection):初生菌丝体(primary myceliun):次生

11、菌丝体(secondary mycelium):单分体病毒:单循环病害(monocyclic disease):单游现象(rnonoplanetism ):单主寄生(autoecism):担孢子(basidiospore):担子(basidium):担子果(basidiocarp):垫刃型食道(Tylenchoid oesophagi):冬孢子(teliospore):毒 素(toxin):短生活史型(short life-cycle):多分 体病毒:多型现象(polymorphism):多循环病害(polycyclic disease):发病率(incidence):发病期(symptom

12、appearance):非寄主抗性(non-host-resistance):非寄主专化性毒素(host-non-specifictoxin ):非侵染性病害(Noninfectious diseases ):非小种专化抗病性(race-nonspecific re-sistance):非循回型(noncirulative ):分生孢子(conidiurn ):分生孢子座(sporodochium):分生孢子梗(conidiophore ):分生孢子盘(acervulus ):分生孢子器(pycnidium):腐生物(saprogen):附生植物(adnascent plant):附属丝(ap

13、pendage):附着胞(appressorium):复制增殖(multiplication):刚毛(seta):共栖(commensalism):共生symbiosis:过敏性坏死反应(necrotic hypersensitivereaction):合子(zygote):核配(karyogamy ):厚垣孢子(chlamydospore):滑刃型食道(Aphelenchoid oesophagi ):会阴花纹(perineal pattern):活体营养型(biotrophe ):获毒(取食)期(acquisition period ):基因对基因学说(gene-for-gene theo

14、ry):季节流行曲线(disease progress curve):寄生物(parasite):寄生性(parasitism ):寄生性植物(paraatic plaut):寄生专化性(specialized parasitism):寄主(host ):寄主专化性毒素(host specific toxin):假根(rhizoid ):假菌丝(pseudomycelium ):假囊壳(psendoperithecium 或 pseudothecium):兼性寄生物(facultative parasite):减数分裂(meiosis):检疫法规(quarantine regulations)

15、:胶质(gum):接合孢子zygospore:节孢子(arthrospore ):介体传播(vector transmission):经济阈值(economic threshold):菌核(sclerotium):菌落(colony):菌丝(hypha ):菌丝融合(anastomosis):菌丝型分生孢子:菌索(rhizomorph):苗网(networks loops):抗病性(resistance to disease):抗逆性(resistance):柯赫氏法则(Kochs Rule) ,类病毒 (Viroid):两游现象(diplanetism ):卵孢子(oospore ):卵囊(

16、egg sac):卵球(oosphere):逻辑斯蒂增长期:矛型食道(Dorylaimoid oesophagi):木栓化(suberization ):内含体(inclusions):耐病性(tolerance):拟薄壁组织(pseudoparenchyrna):农业防治:配子(gamete ):配子囊配合(gametangial copulation):喷菌现象(bacteria exudation, BE):匍匐菌丝(stolon):潜 育期(incubation period):侵染过程(infection process):侵染剂量(infection dosage):侵染性病害(i

17、nfection disease):侵入期(penetration period):侵填体(tylose):全锈型(eu-form rust):缺素症(nutrition deficiencies):茸鞭(tinsel):神经环(nerve ring ):生化变种(biovar):生活史(life cycle):生物防治(biological control):受精作用(spermatization ):疏丝组织(prosenchyma ):死体营养型(necrotroph ):锁状联合(clamp connection):同宗配合(homothallism):微效基因抗病性(minor ge

18、ne resistance):尾鞭(whiplash):卫星 RNA(satellite RNA, sRNA):无隔菌丝(aseptate hypha):无性孢子(asexual spore):无性繁殖(asexual reproduction):无性阶段(imperfect stage):物理防治:吸 器(haustonum):系统侵染(systemic infection ):夏孢子(uredispore 或 urediniospore):线虫(nematodes):小种(race):小种专化抗病性(race-specific resistance ):性孢子(pycrrospore ):

19、性不亲和(sexual incompatible):性亲和(sexual compatible):雄器(antheridium)休眠孢子囊(resting sporangium):休止孢(cystcspore ):锈孢子(aecicepore):循回期(circulative period):循回型关系(circulative):芽殖(blastic):亚种(subspecies,简称 subsp.):异核体(heterokaryon):异宗配合(heterokaryon):隐症现象(masking of symptom):营养体(thallus 或 soma):游动孢子(zoospore):

20、游动配子配合(planogametic copulation):有隔菌丝(septate hypha):有性孢子(sexual spore ):有性阶段(perfect state 或 stage):有性生殖(sexual reproduction):诱发抗病性(inducing resistance ):诱发植物(evocator plant):预测(prediction)和预报(forecasting ):原担子(probasidium):原核生物(Procaryotes ):原质团(plasnodium):越冬和越夏:再 次侵染(secondary infection):黏菌(slime molds):真菌(fungus):症状(symptom):植物保卫素(phytoalexin ):植物病害(plant disease):植物病害流行:植物检疫(plant quarantine ):植原体(phytoplasma ):指数增长期:质粒(plasmid):质配(plasmogamy ):致病变种(pathovar ,简称 pv.):致病力(virulence ):致病性(pathogenicity):致发根质粒(rhizogen inducing plasmid 俗称 Ri 质粒):致瘤质粒(tumor inducing plasmid,俗称为 Ti 质粒):

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