1、第第 6讲讲 19世纪西方自由世纪西方自由主义报业的演进（下）主义报业的演进（下） 外国新闻传播史 一、美国新新闻事业的出现一、美国新新闻事业的出现n 1861 1864，美国内战n 1865 1883，美国工业革命n 1870 1945，西方处于世界中心n 纽约：传媒之都States in the Civil War1。美国内战对新闻业的影响。美国内战对新闻业的影响n 电报的使用n 倒金字塔n 记者署名2。美国工业革命。美国工业革命n 石油n 钢铁n 金融n 电力Inventions Promote Change New IndustryNew Businessmen “Captains o
2、f Industry“-ingenious and industrious capitalists who transformed the American economy with their business acumen. These “Captains“ were the folk heroes of their day. These men seemed to embody the American dream of “Rags to Riches.“ New Businessmen “Robber Barons“-Gilded Age industrialists seen as
3、immoral, greedy, and corrupt, used bribery, illegal business practices, and cruelty to workers was not uncommon during this period. Many of the most respected industrialists were also feared and hated. n John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937), industrialist and philanthropistNew Products, New LifestylesTypewriter-Women, living on their ownBy 1910-Women accounted for 40% of the clerical workforce, majority age 15-24Clothing was hand -sewn, until the sewing machine, consumerism, make-up etc.Industrialization improved the standard of living in America by 1890 the work week was 50 hours
