预算管理外文翻译

1、 外文翻译 原文 Post-Disbursement Management Material Source:Economic behavior and organization Author:Laurie Michael 1. Credit Review Credit review refers to a banks on-going monitoring and analysis of its credit clients and the relevant factors that can influence safety of the clients credit asset. Through credit review a bank can find out early warning signals as early as possible and take remedial measures. The process of credit review includes collecting clients credit information。

2、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTALTHOUGHFINANCIALRISKHASINCREASEDSIGNIFICANTLYINRECENTYEARS,RISKANDRISKMANAGEMENTARENOTCONTEMPORARYISSUESTHERESULTOFINCREASINGLYGLOBALMARKETSISTHATRISKMAYORIGINATEWITHEVENTSTHOUSANDSOFMILESAWAYTHATHAVENOTHINGTODOWITHTHEDOMESTICMARKETINFORMATIONISAVAILABLEINSTANTANEOUSLY,WHICHMEANSTHATCHANGE,ANDSUBSEQUENTMARKETREACTIONS,OCCURVERYQUICKLYTHEECONOMICCLIMATEANDMARKETSCANBEAFFECTEDVERYQUICKLYBYCHANGESINEXCHANGERATES,INTERESTRATES,ANDCOMMODITYPRICESCOU。

3、标题MANAGINGBRANDEQUITYLEVERAGINGANDMEASURINGBRANDEQUITY原文41LEVERAGINGBRANDEQUITYTHEREARETHREEWAYSTOLEVERAGEBRANDEQUITYFIRSTLYBUILDINGIT,SECONDLYBORROWINGIT,ORTHIRDLYBUYINGITINCREASINGLY,”BUILDING”BRANDEQUITYISNOTEASYGIVENTHEPROLIFERATIONOFBRANDSANDTHEINTENSECOMPETITIONTHATISPREVALENTINMANYINDUSTRIESWITHINAGIVENINDUSTRY,THERETYPICALLYEXISTMANYHIGHQUALITYPRODUCTSANDHIGHLEVELSOFADVERTISING,MAKINGITDIFFICULTTOINTRODUCESUPERIORQUALITYBRANDANDSHAPEPERCEPTIONSTHROUGHADVERTISINGTHUS,THEALTERNATIVET。

4、外文文献翻译译文一、外文原文原文STATEBUDGETINGFORHIGHEREDUCATIONINTHEUNITEDSTATESFORMULABUDGETINGWITHAFUNDINGFORMULAAPPROACH,STATESGENERALLYDEVELOPTHEIROPERATINGREQUESTSBASEDONWORKLOADFACTORSSUCHASENROLLMENTSORBUILDINGSOPERATEDORONTHELEVELOFFUNDINGEXISTINGATCOMPARABLEPEERINSTITUTIONSINOTHERSTATESTHISAPPROACHISDESIGNEDTODEFINETHEFINANCIALNEEDSOFAPUBLICHIGHEREDUCATIONINSTITUTIONORUNIVERSITYSYSTEMACCORDINGTOANEXTERNALSTANDARD,ANDTOEQUITABLYDISTRIBUTEAVAILABLEHIGHEREDUCATIONFUNDSAMONGDIFFERENTINSTIT。

5、外文翻译RISKMANAGEMENTMATERIALSOURCEHTTP/WWWREFERENCEFORBUSINESSCOMAUTHORKARLHEILRISKMANAGEMENTISASYSTEMATICPROCESSOFIDENTIFYINGANDASSESSINGCOMPANYRISKSANDTAKINGACTIONSTOPROTECTACOMPANYAGAINSTTHEMSOMERISKMANAGERSDEFINERISKASTHEPOSSIBILITYTHATAFUTUREOCCURRENCEMAYCAUSEHARMORLOSSES,WHILENOTINGTHATRISKALSOMAYPROVIDEPOSSIBLEOPPORTUNITIESBYTAKINGRISKS,COMPANIESSOMETIMESCANACHIEVECONSIDERABLEGAINSHOWEVER,COMPANIESNEEDRISKMANAGEMENTTOANALYZEPOSSIBLERISKSINORDERTOBALANCEPOTENTIALGAINSAGAINSTPOTENTIALLOSS。

6、1外文翻译INVENTORYMANAGEMENTMATERIALSOURCESPRINGLINKAUTHORFLOYDDHEDRICK“INVENTORY”TOMANYSMALLBUSINESSOWNERSISONEOFTHEMOREVISIBLEANDTANGIBLEASPECTSOFDOINGBUSINESSRAWMATERIALS,GOODSINPROCESSANDFINISHEDGOODSALLREPRESENTVARIOUSFORMSOFINVENTORYEACHTYPEREPRESENTSMONEYTIEDUPUNTILTHEINVENTORYLEAVESTHECOMPANYASPURCHASEDPRODUCTSLIKEWISE,MERCHANDISESTOCKSINARETAILSTORECONTRIBUTETOPROFITSONLYWHENTHEIRSALEPUTSMONEYINTOTHECASHREGISTERINALITERALSENSE,INVENTORYREFERSTOSTOCKSOFANYTHINGNECESSARYTODOBUSINESSTHES。

7、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文标题营销管理资料来源开放获取期刊目录作者菲利普科特勒麦卡锡EJMCCARTHY于1960年也对微观市场营销下了定义市场营销是企业经营活动的职责，它将产品及劳务从生产者直接引向消费者或使用者以便满足顾客需求及实现公司利润，同时也是一种社会经济活动过程，其目的在于满足社会或人类需要，实现社会目标。这一定义虽比美国市场营销协会的定义前进了一步，指出了满足顾客需求及实现企业赢利成为公司的经营目标，但这两种定义都说明，市场营销活动是在产品生产活动结束时开始的，中间经过一系列经营销售活动。

8、外文翻译RISKMANAGEMENTMATERIALSOURCESPRINGERSERIESINRELIABILITYENGINEERING,2010,RISKSINTECHNOLOGICALSYSTEMS,PAGES175198AUTHORTERJEAVENTHISCHAPTERREVIEWSANDDISCUSSESTHEBASICISSUESANDPRINCIPLESOFRISKMANAGEMENT,INCLUDINGRISKACCEPTABILITYTOLERABILITYRISKREDUCTIONANDTHEALARPPRINCIPLECAUTIONARYANDPRECAUTIONARYPRINCIPLESANDPRESENTSACASESTUDYSHOWINGTHEIMPORTANCEOFTHESEISSUESANDPRINCIPLESINAPRACTICALMANAGEMENTCONTEXTBEFOREWETAKEACLOSERLOOK,LETUSBRIEFLYADDRESSSOMEBASICFEATURESOFRISKMANAGEMENTOVERVIEWOFRIS。

9、1外文翻译原文MATERIALSOURCEMARKETINGMANAGEMENTAUTHORPHILIPKOTLERENTERPRISEINBEFOREFIXINGPRICEMUSTFIRSTDEFINEGOALSPRICINGGOALSFORTHEENTERPRISEMARKETINGGOALSASTHEFOUNDATION,ISTHEENTERPRISECHOOSEPRICINGMETHODANDPRICINGSTRATEGYBASEDONITBECAUSEPRICINGGOALISTOTHEENTERPRISEMARKETINGOBJECTIVESANDSERVICE,SO,JUSTASMARKETINGTARGETCANBEREALIZEDTHROUGHVARIOUSCHANNELS,ENTERPRISEASTHEPRICINGGOALSALSOHAVEAVARIETYOFAATAPROFITFORPRICINGGOALSPRICEPREPABOVECOST,OBTAINTHEOPERATIONPROFITISANYENTERPRISEBUSINESSACTIVIT。

10、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文标题品牌管理资料来源品牌营销战略管理作者凯勒凯文所谓品牌战略是指企业通过创立市场良好品牌形象,提升产品知名度,并以知名度来开拓市场,吸引顾客,扩大市场占有率,取得丰厚利润回报,培养忠诚品牌消费者的一种战略选择。品牌战略是现代企业市场营销的核心。从品牌战略的功能来看,一个品牌不仅仅是一个产品的标志,更多的是产品的质量、性能、满足消费者效用的可靠程度的综合体现。它凝结着企业的科学管理、市场信誉、追求完美的精神文化内涵,决定和影响着产品市场结构与服务定位。因此,发挥品牌的市场影。

11、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译原文WAREHOUSEMANAGEMENTWAREHOUSEMANAGEMENTISFREQUENTLYTREATEDASANOPERATIONALISSUE,ITSSTRATEGICIMPORTANCELARGELYOVERLOOKEDBUTASPRICEANDQUALITYBECOMEINDISTINGUISHABLEFROMONECOMPANYTOANOTHERANDDISTRIBUTIONCOSTBECOMESASIGNIFICANTPARTOFAPRODUCTSVALUE,THEINVISIBLEHANDOFLOGISTICSBECOMESAKEYCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGE,ANDWAREHOUSEOPTIMIZATIONBECOMESCRITICALTOTHELOGISTICSCHAINFROMSUPPLIERTOCUSTOMERONEHOMEFURNITUREMANUFACTURERRECOGNIZEDTHESTRATEGICNECESSITYOFMAINTAININGEASYACCESSTOITS。

12、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译原文EMPIRICALEVIDENCEOFTHEBENEFITSOFTOPDOWNBUDGETINGTHEEMPIRICALSTUDIESOFTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENINSTITUTIONSANDFISCALPERFORMANCEPROVIDESUPPORTFORTHEASSUMPTIONTHATATOPDOWNPROCESSISASSOCIATEDWITHLOWERDEFICITSANDDEBTSINHISPIONEERINGSTUDYOFBUDGETPROCEDURESOF12EUMEMBERCOUNTRIES,VONHAGEN1992TESTSTHEHYPOTHESISTHATATOPDOWNPROCESSINTHEPREPARATORYPHASEOFTHEBUDGET,ANDATOPDOWNDECISIONMAKINGORDERINPARLIAMENTARYAPPROVALISMORECONDUCIVETOFISCALDISCIPLINETHANBOTTOMUPPROCEDURESTHESETWOA。

13、外文翻译原文TOPDOWNBUDGETINGANINSTRUMENTTOSTRENGTHENBUDGETMANAGEMENTMATERIALSOURCE2009INTERNATIONALMONETARYFUNDAUTHORGSTALJUNGMANINTRODUCTIONBUDGETINGISESSENTIALLYAPROCESSAIMEDATMAXIMIZINGBENEFITSFROMPUBLICSPENDINGGIVENAVAILABLERESOURCESTHEBUDGETPROCESSISNOTALWAYSABLETOMEETTHESEOBJECTIVES,HOWEVERBUDGETALLOCATIONSMAYNOTFULLYREFLECTCURRENTPRIORITIES,ANDSPENDINGMAYNOTNECESSARILYBECONTAINEDATASUSTAINABLELEVELTHEIMPORTANCEOFINSTITUTIONSINSHAPINGBUDGETOUTCOMESHASBEENEXTENSIVELYEXPLOREDOVERTHEPASTDECAD。

14、外文翻译DECISIONSUPPORTSYSTEMFORTRAININGBUDGETMANAGEMENTMATERIALSOURCEHTTP/WWWGOOGLECOMHK/SEARCHHLZHCNEFFICIENCY,EFFECTIVENESSANDCOMPLIANCE,BYESTABLISHINGBENCHMARKSANDMEASURESSURVEYSTHATTOOKPLACEINEUROPEANCOMPANIESPERFORMEDTWOTYPESOFTRAININGBUDGETPOLICIESTHEFIRSTONEINCLUDESAWEIGHEDCOEFFICIENTALLOCATIONOFASPECIFICAMOUNTINORDERTOSATISFYEMPLOYEESPRIVATEAMBITIONSANDCOMPANYSNEEDSINTHESECONDONETHEBUDGETISSUBDIVIDEDACCORDINGTOCOMPANYSREQUIREMENTSWITHRESPECTTOEMPLOYEESANDLINEMANAGERSDESIRESTHEFUNCTION。

15、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译原文THEBASICKNOWLEDGEOFOVERALLBUDGETMANAGEMENTBUDGETMANAGEMENTSYSTEMBUILDTHEDRIVERS,THEBASICTHEORIESANDMANAGEMENTISCONCERNED,THEIDEAOFAKINDOFMANAGEMENTMODERNENTERPRISESINTHERIGHTOFOWNERSHIPANDTHEBASISOFPROCESSINGINVESTORSANDMANAGERSANDENTERPRISESINSIDETHERELATIONSHIPANDTHEBALANCEOFPOWER,THROUGHTHEDECENTRALIZATIONANDDELEGATION,THEORGANIZATIONFORMEDFROMMEETING,THECONSULTATION,THEMANAGINGDIRECTOR,MANAGEROFTHEDUTIESOFTHEMANAGEMENTSYSTEMTHEMANAGEMENTSYSTEMCOVERSTWOWAYSONEI。

16、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译原文THEMASTERBUDGETPROJECTIFYOUHADACHANCETOLOOKOVERTHEEXCELBASEDMASTERBUDGETARTICLESANDPREVIOUSACCESSCOLUMNSTOPREPAREFOROURPROJECT,YOUMAYHAVEHADTHEFEELINGWHEREDOISTARTWELCOMETOMYWORLDATFIRSTITMAYSEEMALITTLEOVERWHELMING,BUTITSHELPFULTOTHINKABOUTITINTERMSOFITERATIONSOFADESIGNPROJECTWELLCOMPLETEOURANALYSISANDDESIGNBEFOREWESTARTWORKINGINACCESSINORDERTOLIMITTHENUMBEROFTHINGSWEHAVETOREVISEAFTERLEARNINGSOMETHINGNEWSOWELLCOMPLETETHEWORKINTHEFOLLOWINGPHASESANALYSIS,DESIGN,DEVE。

17、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译原文THEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEOVERALLBUDGETMANAGEMENTINTHE1980S,ASINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENT,THEWHOLESOCIALECONOMYSTARTEDTOVARYINGDEGREESFROMTHEINDUSTRIALAGETOINFORMATIONAGECHANGETHEECONOMY,ITALSOMAKESTHEBUDGETMANAGEMENTCANBEMORETIMELY,ACCURATELY,HIGHQUALITYOFINFORMATIONANDDECISIONMAKINGBUTTHETRADITIONALMODEOFTHEBUDGETLACKSFLEXIBILITY,STRENGTH,THEFUNCTIONSOFTIMEBETWEENCONFLICTINGADEFECTIS,THECORPORATIONSINTERNALMANAGEMENTCONTROLSYSTEMOFTHECOREALSOBEGUNTOVACILLATE,OVERA。

18、原文BUDGETMANAGEMENTINTRODUCTIONTHENHSREFORMSHAVEHADFARREACHINGIMPLICATIONSFORCLINICIANSOFALLGRADESANDSPECIALTIESAMONGOTHERCHANGES,ITHASBEENDELIBERATEGOVERNMENTPOLICYTHATSENIORCLINICIANSSHOULDHAVEMOREDIRECTMANAGEMENTANDBUDGETARYRESPONSIBILITYWITHINTHEIROWNCLINICALAREASTRUSTHOSPITALSHAVEDEVELOPEDADIRECTORATEBASEDMANAGEMENTSTRUCTUREANDDEVOLVEDBUDGETSTOCLINICALDIRECTORSACONSIDEREDWHATITAIMSTOACHIEVEANDDISCUSSEDTHEPARTICIPATIONOFCLINICIANSINTHEMANAGEMENTBUDGETINGPROCESSANDITSLIKELYIMPACTONTHEIRMETHO。