国际商务信函的文体特点及其翻译【毕业论文】.doc

1、I（20_届）本科毕业设计英语国际商务信函的文体特点及其翻译STYLISTICFEATURESANDTRANSLATIONOFTHEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSII摘要在经济全球化的趋势下,国际商务信函在我国经济生活中的地位与作用越来越重要。因为商务信函可以作为法律依据而存在,同时可以把问题阐释的更为透彻详细,从而促进合作。可以说每一笔交易的促成都需要商务信函的辅助。对于每个需要进行对外商务往来的公司来说,商务信函的作用便不可小视,因为好的商务信函可以增加公司的经济效益。因此,目前社会对商务信函的关注愈加明显。这就需要掌握一定的国际商务英语交际技能，了解国际商务英语

2、信函的语言、文体特点以及正式语和有效的句子在商务信函中大量使用并起着重要作用。本文将初步从文体学的角度探讨其国际商务信函独有的特点,并结合典型的例子进一步分析具体商务英语信函中语言包括词汇、语法、语气的使用。再者探索商务信函翻译的原则及其技巧，同时也结合一些商务信函中的句子和段落的例子加以说明。在了解了国际商务信函特点的前提下，才能进行准确规范的写译。关键词国际；商务信函；文体特点；翻译；原则；技巧IIABSTRACTWITHTHEECONOMICGLOBALIZATION,THETRANSLATIONOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSPLAYSANIMPORTROL

3、EINOURECONOMICLIFEBECAUSEBUSINESSLETTERSEXISTASALEGALBASISANDMEANWHILECANEXPRESSPROBLEMSMOREEXPLICITLY,SOTHATITCANPROMOTECOOPERATIONTHATIS,EVERYTRANSACTIONWHICHCOMESTOTERMSNEEDSTHEHELPOFBUSINESSLETTERSFOREVERYCOMPANYHASTHEFOREIGNBUSINESS,THEROLEOFBUSINESSLETTERSWOULDNOTBEIGNORED,BECAUSEAWONDERFULBUS

4、INESSLETTERWILLBRINGMUCHMOREECONOMICINTERESTSTOTHECOMPANYTHECURRENTSOCIETYCONCERNSFORBUSINESSLETTERSMOREAPPARENTLYPEOPLESHOULDMASTERCERTAINCOMMUNICATIONSKILLSANDLEARNMOREABOUTTHEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSLANGUAGE,STYLISTICFEATURES,FORMALWORDSANDEFFECTIVESENTENCESTHATAREUSEDMOSTLYANDTAKEIMPORTANTRO

5、LESINBUSINESSLETTERSTHISPAPERWILLINITIALLYEXPLORETHEUNIQUEFEATURESOFBUSINESSLETTERSFROMTHESTYLISTICS,ANDFURTHERANALYZETHEUSINGOFSPECIFICBUSINESSENGLISHLETTERSLANGUAGEVOCABULARY,GRAMMARANDMOODWITHSOMETYPICALEXAMPLESATTHESAMETIME,THEAUTHOREXPLORESTHETRANSLATIONPRINCIPLESANDTECHNIQUESOFTHEBUSINESSLETTE

6、RS,ALSOCOMBININGWITHSEVERALSENTENCESANDPARAGRAPHSFORYOURREFERENCEONLYIFWEHAVEAGOODKNOWLEDGEOFTHEFEATURESOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS,CANWEBESUCCEEDINTRANSLATIONANDWRITINGTHEMKEYWORDSINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSSTYLISTICFEATURESTRANSLATIONPRINCIPLESTECHNIQUESIIICONTENTSABSTRACTII1INTRODUCTION12THEO

7、RETICALUNDERPINNINGSOFTHETHESIS121DEFINITIONOFSTYLISTICS122SIGNIFICANCEOFEMPLOYINGSTYLISTICSTHEORIES23STYLISTICFEATURESOFTHEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS231LEXICALFEATURESOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS3311THEWORDSAREFORMALANDOFFICIAL3312EXPRESSINGIDEASEXACTLYANDSTRONGPROFESSION3313THELANGUAGEISMORESI

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9、ENESS9423CONSIDERATION10424COURTESY11425CORRECTNESS11426CONCRETENESS1243TRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESANDTECHNIQUES13431LITERALTRANSLATION13432REPLACEMENTTRANSLATION13433DIVISION15434ADDITIONANDAMPLIFICATION14435OMISSION155CONCLUSION16BIBLIOGRAPHY18ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS2011INTRODUCTIONSINCECHINAHASJOINEDINTOWTO,T

10、HEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSACTIVITIESHAVEBECOMEMOREANDMOREFREQUENTMEANWHILE,THEBUSINESSLETTERISPLAYINGAMUCHIMPORTANTROLEININTERNATIONALACTIVITIES“SINCENOTALLBUSINESSMENHAVETHECHANCEORTIMETOHAVEAFACETOFACENEGOTIATION”CHENGBAO,2005“BUSINESSLETTERSREFERTOTHEWRITTENLETTERSOREMAILWHICHTHEENTERPRISESUSETOCONS

11、ULTANDNEGOTIATE”ANDTHEYAREALSOTHEPROFESSIONALWRITTENRECORDSOFTHEDEVELOPMENTSOFIMPORTSANDEXPORTSFROMTHEPOINTOFLAW,THESEWRITTENRECORDSARETHELEGALBASISOFBOTHTHEBUYERSANDTHESELLERSRIGHTS,STATEDOBLIGATION,ANDTHESETTLEMENTOFDISPUTESSOBUSINESSLETTERSSTRONGLYEMPHASIZETHEACCURACYANDTHENORMALIZATIONFROMTHEPOI

12、NTOFFILESASWELLASTHETRANSLATIONNOWADAYSMOSTOFTHEECONOMICDISPUTESARECAUSEDBYTHEUNSUITABLEWORDS,AMBIGUOUSMEANINGSOFTHEWORDS,LOOSEANDBROADMEANINGOFTHEARTICLES,ETCINTHEBUSINESSLETTERSTHEREFORE,TRANSLATORSSHOULDBEFAMILIARWITHTHERELEVANTPROFESSIONALKNOWLEDGEOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS,FOLLOWINGTHESESTY

13、LISTICFEATURESACCURATEWORDS,TIGHTSTRUCTURESANDTHENORMALFORMAT,ANDMASTERINGTHEPARTICULARITIESOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSLANGUAGETHATALLOFTHEMARETHEKEYTOACHIEVEUNDERSTANDINGOFTHETRANSLATIONOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSTHEYDECIDETHEBUSINESSSUCCESSFULORNOTINAGREATDEGREE2THEORETICALUNDERPINNINGSOFTHE

14、THESIS21DEFINITIONOFSTYLISTICSTHESTYLEINENGLISHORIGINATEDFROMTHEWORDSTYLUSOFLATINACCORDINGTOESSENTIALSOFENGLISHSTYLISTICS,“STYLISTICSISAWAYOFAPPLYINGLANGUAGE”QINXIUBAI,196612HEFURTHEREXPLAINEDTHATSTYLISTICSREVEALEDINALLASPECTSOFLANGUAGE,INCLUDINGTHECHOICEOFLANGUAGE,WRITING,LEXICON,SYNTACTICSTRUCTURE

15、ANDTYPEINTEXTLINGUISTIC196658QIANYUAN20061ALSOHOLDTHESIMILARVIEWANDDEFINEDSTYLISTICSAS“STYLISTICSISABRANCHOFLINGUISTICWHICHAPPLIESTHETHEORYANDMETHODOLOGYOFMODERNLINGUISTICTOTHESTUDYOFSTYLEITSTUDIESTHEUSAGEOFLANGUAGEINSPECIFICCONTEXTSANDATTEMPTSTOACCOUNTFORTHECHARACTERISTICSWHICHMAKETHELANGUAGEUSEOFI

16、NDIVIDUALSANDSOCIALGROUP”FROMWHATQINXIUBAIANDQIANYUANSAID,WECANEASILYMAKETHECONCLUSIONTHATSTYLISTICSISCONCERNEDWITHTHEDESCRIPTIONOFWRITERSVERBALCHOICES,SYNTACTICSTRUCTURE,WRITINGFEATURESTHEAIMOFANALYSISONSTYLISTICFEATURESISTOHELPREADERSGETAMETHODOFLANGUAGEANALYSISANDSOLVETHEPROBLEMSOFARTICLES2THATIS

17、TOSAY,STYLISTICSISANINTERDISCIPLINARYBRANCHOFLEARNINGWHICHSTUDIESVARIOUSDIFFERENCESBETWEENFORMALANDINFORMAL,BETWEENMAGNIFICENTANDPLAIN,BETWEENPROFESSIONALANDPOPULAR,BETWEENFOREIGNANDDOMESTIC,ANDBETWEENTHATANDTHISINDIVIDUALSABUSINESSLETTERISAFORMOFLINGUISTICMANIFESTATION,BUTTHEEFFECTOFLINGUISTICPHENO

18、TYPEANDTHECOMMUNICATIVEFUNCTIONAREMATERIALIZEDTHROUGHPHONOLOGY,LEXICON，SYNTHETICSTRUCTUREHOWEVER,THELANGUAGEHASAWIDERANGEOFVARIETIESSUCHASREGIONALVARIETY，SOCIALVARIETYANDTIMEVARIETYDIFFERENTPEOPLEFROMDIFFERENTCULTURALENVIRONMENTSMAYHAVETHEIROWNPERSONALOPINIONSOFTHESAMETHING,BECAUSETHEYAREINFLUENCEDP

19、ROFOUNDLYBYTHETRADITIONALCULTURE22SIGNIFICANCEOFEMPLOYINGSTYLISTICSTHEORIESWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFINTERNATIONALTRADE,INTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSAREBECOMINGINCREASINGLYIMPORTANTASAKINDOFPRACTICALWRITING,BUSINESSLETTERSHASFORMEDDISTINCTIVEFEATURESINTHEUSEOFLANGUAGEOVERTHELONGPERIODOFTIMEINTHISSITUATION,

20、TOMAKEADEEPSTUDYOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSATTHELANGUAGELEVELHASBECOMEQUITENECESSARYANDEVENSIGNIFICANTSTYLISTICSHASBEENAHEATEDSUBJECTINTHESTUDYOFLITERARYWORKSFORALONGTIMEASAPOWERFULTOOL,ITALSOCANBEEMPLOYEDINTHESTUDYOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSITISOFGREATIMPORTANCEWITHTHEHELPOFSTYLISTICS,THESTUD

21、YOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSCOULDBEMOREPROFOUND,MORECOMPLETEANDMORESYSTEMATICSOWECANIMPROVEOURKNOWLEDGEABOUTINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSTOTHERATIONALLEVEL3STYLISTICFEATURESOFTHEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSASFARASTHEHISTORYOFTHESTYLISTICSDEVELOPMENT,NOWENGLISHINBUSINESSLETTERSISFROMTHELANGUAGEWHIC

22、HWASAPPLIEDINBRITISHOVERSEASTRADEINTHE19THCENTURYITHADBEENWELLKNOWNFORTHESEFEATURESSUCHASSIMPLEDOCUMENTARY,RIGOROUSNORMS,GRAVITYANDGRACEFULNESS,ETCANDTHESEFEATURESCANKEEP“BUSINESSPOISE”LIUMIQING,199894100TOSHOWMOREUNIQUECHARACTERISTICSOFTHESTYLEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSAREUSEDTONEGOTIATEBUSINESSB

23、YTHEBOTHSIDESANDTHEYARETHEMAJORMEANSANDTHEMEDIAOFFACETOFACEBUSINESSCOMMUNICATIONINTHELONGTERMAPPLICATION,BUSINESSLETTERSHAVEFORMEDTHEIRSPECIALSTYLISTICFEATURESIN3CONSTRUCTINGSENTENCESITMAINLYREFLECTSINSUITABLEWORDS,THELAYOUTANDFORMATOFTHEDISCOURSEASFOLLOWS31LEXICALFEATURESOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETT

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27、NALTERMS,LOANWORDS,ABBREVIATIONSANDTHESPECIALUSAGEOFGENERALWORDSINBUSINESSENGLISHCONTEXT1PROFESSIONALTERMSINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSINVOLVEAVARIETYOF“PROFESSIONALCONTENT”MANAGEMENT,STRATEGICPLAN,MARKETING,FINANCE,FINANCIALAFFAIRS,ECONOMICS,ACCOUNTING,BUSINESSLAWANDINTERNATIONALTRADE,ETCTHEFIELDREL

28、ATEDTERMSANDEXPRESSIONINCLUDENUMBERSOFTERMINOLOGIESLIKECOMBINATIONS,ABBREVIATIONORCOMMONWORDSWITHBUSINESSMEANINGSZHOURUIQI,2000,17274FORINSTANCE,FOBFREEONBOARDANDCIFCOST,INSURANCEANDFREIGHT,THEFREQUENTLYUSEDTERMSINBUSINESSLETTERS,REFERTOOFFSHOREPRICETHESELLERDELIVERSTHEGOODSATTHEPLACEOFORIGINANDTHEB

29、UYERISRESPONSIBLEFORTHEFREIGHT,ANDTHESELLERISRESPONSIBLEFORTHEFREIGHT,INSURANCERESPECTIVELYMORETERMSASSUCHARECWOCASHWITHORDERPAYMENTOFORDER,B/LBILLOFLADING,L/CLETTEROFCREDIT,CODCASHONDELIVERY,WPAWITHPARTICULAR4AVERAGEANINSURANCETERMREFERRINGTOLOSSESCAUSEDBYTHEACCIDENTONTHESEAANDSOONTHESEAREABBREVIAT

30、IONS“WITHOUTTHEKNOWLEDGEOFTHEM,ATRANSLATORCANHARDLYTRANSLATETHESENTENCESTHEWORDSARETERSEINFORMANDHANDYINUSE”HANRONG,2004EXAMPLE2ITWOULDBEAPPRECIATEDIFYOUWOULDLETUSKNOWBYRETURNINGYOURLOWESTPOSSIBLEPRICEFORTHEFOLLOWINGGOODSONFOBLONDON请报下列商品伦敦船上交货之最低价。2LOANWORDSLOANWORDSAREWORDSADOPTEDBYTHESPEAKERSFROM

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32、芒果,ETC3BUSINESSLETTERSACCURACYMAINLYEMBODIEDINTHEUTILIZATIONOFQUANTIFIERSTHEPROBLEMSOFTIME,PRICE,QUANTITY,AMOUNT,ANDSPECIFICATIONSALWAYSRUNTHROUGHTRADEACTIVITIES,ANDWEMUSTAVOIDAMBIGUITYINDIGITALEXPRESSIONEXAMPLE3THEVENDERSHALLDELIVERTHEGOODSTOTHEVENDEEBYJUNE15卖方须于6月15日或之前将货物交给买方。（ZHANGXINHONG、LIMING

33、,2003169）HERETHE“BYJUNE15”TAKESTHEPLACEOF“BEFOREJUNE15”THEYAREDIFFERENT“BYJUNE15”MEANS“BEFOREJUNE15”PLUSTHEDAYOFJUNE15,THUSINCLUDINGJUNE15313THELANGUGEISMORESIMPLETHANELABORATETHEMAINFUNCTIONSOFBUSINESSLETTERSARETOTRANSMITINFORMATION,TOSTARTTRADECONTRACTSBYTHETWOPARTIESWHORECEIVEANDSENDLETTERSSEPARA

34、TELY,FINALLYTOREACHADEALSOTHEBUSINESSLETTERSLANGUAGESHOULDBEMOREUNDERSTANDABLE,MOREGUILELESSANDMOREAMIABLEBESIDESTHEMEANSOFPROFESSIONALTERMSANDSOMEOTHERSWHICHAREUSEDTOTRANSMITTHEPURPOSEFULNESSOFINFORMATIONEXAMPLE4DEARSIR,ONEOFOURCUSTOMERSISINTERESTEDINYOURBICYCLES,PARTICULARLYMODELNOPA185PLEASESENDU

35、SACOPYOFYOURILLUSTRATEDCATALOGUE,QUOTINGYOURPRICESFOBSHANGHAIIFPOSSIBLEMEANWHILE,PLEASEINDICATETHETIMEOFDELIVERYYOUUSUALLYOFFERYOURSFAITHFULLY,我方客户对贵方PA18型自行车感兴趣。请邮来一份带插图的目录本,若有可能报上海离岸价,并告知你方通常的交付时间。THEEDITINGGROUPOFFOREIGNTRADEENGLISH,199825ITISAVERYBRIEFBUSINESSLETTERANDTHEUSAGEOFWORDSISSIMPLEANDA

36、MIABLEWITHOUTAPPLYINGTHEFLOWERYWORDSSOTHEPARAGRAPHAPPEARSSIMPLER,WHICHREFLECTSTHECONCISENESSOFBUSINESSLETTERS32SYNTACTICFEATURESOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS321TYPESOFTHESENTENCEDECLARATIVESENTENCESAREOFTENEMPLOYEDINBUSINESSLETTERS,INORDERTOMAKETHEPEOPLEGETTHESPECIFICINFORMATIONMOREEASILYHOWEVER,DE

37、CLARATIVESENTENCESDONOTMAKEAGREATSTYLISTICEFFECTUSINGIMPERATIVESENTENCESCANEXPRESSREQUEST,ADVICEANDORDERS,ETCANDALSOCANAVOIDCURTNESSANDINFLEXIBILITYSOTHEIMPERATIVESENTENCESAREMOREPOLITETHANDECLARATIVESENTENCESINTERROGATIVESENTENCESCANALSOBEUSEDTOEXPRESSTHEWRITERSVIEWSANDOFFERPROPOSALSTOEACHOTHERINTE

38、RROGATIVESENTENCESWHICHAREMOREPOLITELEAVETHEOTHERSIDEAGREATERROOM,ANDTHEYAREAPPLIEDMOREFREQUENTLYTHANIMPERATIVESENTENCESEXAMPLE5AYOUDBETTERSENDUSACOPYOFYOURCATALOGUEBWOULDYOUPLEASESENDUSACOPYOFYOURCATALOGUEALTHOUGHSENTENCEBISMORECOMPLEXTHANSENTENCEA,ITISMOREPOLITETHEORIGINALSENTENCEWILLGIVETHEREADER

39、ANIMPRESSIONTHATYOUORDERSOMEONETODOSOMETHINGITISANUNFRIENDLYWAYEXCLAMATORYSENTENCESAREABLETOCREATEACHEERFULANDRELAXINGENVIRONMENTFORTHEREADERSTHEYARENOTINCONFORMEDTOTHESTYLISTICSOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSWHICHSTRESSTHEOBJECTIVITYANDPRECISENESSTHEREFORE,ININTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS,THEEXCLAMATO

40、RYSENTENCESARESELDOMUSED6322FEATURESOFSENTENCESTRUCTURESENGLISHSENTENCES,ACCORDINGTOTHESTRUCTURES,CANBEDIVIDEDINTOTHREETYPESSIMPLESENTENCES,COMPOUNDSENTENCESANDCOMPLEXSENTENCESININTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS,COMPOUNDSENTENCESANDCOMPLEXSENTENCESAREWIDELYUSEDTHEYCANMAKETHEBUSINESSLETTERSQUITEACCURATE1T

41、HECOMPLEXSENTENCESCOMBINEWITHSEVERALSIMPLESENTENCES,BUTTHECOMPLEXSENTENCESARETHEMAINPARTSINORDERTOENSURETHEEXQUISITEPATTERNSANDTHESTRICTLOGIC,INTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSOFTENCOMBINEWITHSHORTSUCCESSIVESENTENCESANDTHENTURNINTOANINDEPENDENTMAINSUBORDINATECOMPLEXSENTENCEORACOMPOUNDSENTENCETHESTRUCTUREO

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44、SENTENCE,GUIDEDBYANADVERBIALCLAUSEOFTHESUBORDINATECONJUNCTION“IF”WHICHCONTAINSTWOPREREQUISITESTHATITMAKESTHERANGEOFMAINCLAUSESACTIVITIESRESTRICTEDANDLEADTOTHEWHOLESENTENCESLOGICTIGHT2COORDINATESTRUCTURESAREUSEDFREQUENTLYTHE“AND”ISUSEDTOCONNECTCOORDINATESTRUCTURETHATMAKETHEEXPRESSIONMOREPRECISEANDUSI

45、NG“OR”TOGUIDETHESELECTIVECOORDINATESTRUCTURETHATGETTHECONTENTMORERIGOROUSANDMORECOMPREHENSIVETHEPHRASESASBELOWAREOTHEROFTENUSEDCONTINUOUSSYNONYMSININTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSAMENDMENTSTO/ORALTERATIONSOF修改FORCEANDEFFECT效力FULFILLANDPROVIDE履行FURNISHANDPROVIDE提供OBLIGATIONSANDRESPONSIBILITIES义务MAKEANDEN

46、TERINTO达成73ADVERBIALPOSITIONISUNIQUEINBUSINESSLETTERS,THELONGERADVERBIALSOFTENAPPEARBETWEENTHESUBJECTANDTHEPREDICATEHOWEVER,THEREARENOLONGADVERBIALSLIKETHATINGENERALSTYLISTICSTHEPREDICATESCANBEPUTINBETWEENCONJUNCTIONSIF,WHEN,INCASE,ETCANDTHESUBJECTOFCLAUSESINTHEADVERBIALCLAUSEOFBUSINESSLETTERSHOWEVE

47、R,THEGENERALLITERARYSTYLECANTDOTHATEXAMPLE7IF,AFTER30DAYSFROMTHECOMMENCEMENTOFSUCHINFORMALCONSULTATIONS,THEPARTIESFAILTORESOLVEAMICABLYACONTRACTDISPUTE,EITHERPARTYHERETOMAYREQUIRETHATTHEDISPUTEBESUBMITTEDTOARBITRATIONFORRESOLUTION在非正式协商开始30天后，如果双方仍不能友好地解决合同争端，任何一方都可以要求将争端提交仲裁解决。323EUPHEMISTICANDPOLI

48、TEMOODINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSARETHEMEANSOFMULTINATIONALCONTACT,SOTHETRANSLATORSSHOULDPAYGREATATTENTIONTOTHELETTERSPOLITENESSANDEUPHEMISTICMOODPOLITENESSMAKESTHEPERSONHAVEEASEOFMINDTOBUILDTHEFRIENDSHIPEASILY,ANDPLAYSASIGNIFICANTROLEINPROMOTINGTHETRADEDEALSTOBESUCCESSFULTHEEUPHEMISTICMOODINTHEINT

49、ERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSCANEUPHEMISTICALLYREJECTTHEREQUIREMENTSORSOMECONDITIONSOFOTHERSWITHOUTHURTINGTHEOPPOSITESIDESFEELINGSANDITISHELPFULTOKEEPFRIENDLYBUSINESSRELATIONSTHEREFORE,ININTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS,CHOOSINGTHEEUPHEMISTICMOODNOTONLYISAGOODWAYTOPOINTOUTTHEINCONVENIENCESOFTHEOTHERPARTY,BUTALSOEXPRESSGRATITUDE,JOYFULNESS,SATISFACTIONANDAPOLOGY,ETCWUSHU,200189COMMONLYUSEDSENTENCEPATTERNSINDICATEPOLITEANDEUPHEMISTICMOODTHANKYOUFOR感谢贵方BEGRATEFULOBLIGED感激WEAREGLADTO很高兴WEREGRETTO/WEAREVERYSORRYTO非常遗憾INADDITION,UNREALCONDITIONALSENTENCES,SUBJUNCTIVEMOODANDMODALVERBS,ET