1、I（20_届）本科毕业设计英语国际商务信函的文体特点及其翻译STYLISTICFEATURESANDTRANSLATIONOFTHEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSII摘要在经济全球化的趋势下,国际商务信函在我国经济生活中的地位与作用越来越重要。因为商务信函可以作为法律依据而存在,同时可以把问题阐释的更为透彻详细,从而促进合作。可以说每一笔交易的促成都需要商务信函的辅助。对于每个需要进行对外商务往来的公司来说,商务信函的作用便不可小视,因为好的商务信函可以增加公司的经济效益。因此,目前社会对商务信函的关注愈加明显。这就需要掌握一定的国际商务英语交际技能，了解国际商务英语
2、信函的语言、文体特点以及正式语和有效的句子在商务信函中大量使用并起着重要作用。本文将初步从文体学的角度探讨其国际商务信函独有的特点,并结合典型的例子进一步分析具体商务英语信函中语言包括词汇、语法、语气的使用。再者探索商务信函翻译的原则及其技巧，同时也结合一些商务信函中的句子和段落的例子加以说明。在了解了国际商务信函特点的前提下，才能进行准确规范的写译。关键词国际；商务信函；文体特点；翻译；原则；技巧IIABSTRACTWITHTHEECONOMICGLOBALIZATION,THETRANSLATIONOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSPLAYSANIMPORTROL
3、EINOURECONOMICLIFEBECAUSEBUSINESSLETTERSEXISTASALEGALBASISANDMEANWHILECANEXPRESSPROBLEMSMOREEXPLICITLY,SOTHATITCANPROMOTECOOPERATIONTHATIS,EVERYTRANSACTIONWHICHCOMESTOTERMSNEEDSTHEHELPOFBUSINESSLETTERSFOREVERYCOMPANYHASTHEFOREIGNBUSINESS,THEROLEOFBUSINESSLETTERSWOULDNOTBEIGNORED,BECAUSEAWONDERFULBUS
4、INESSLETTERWILLBRINGMUCHMOREECONOMICINTERESTSTOTHECOMPANYTHECURRENTSOCIETYCONCERNSFORBUSINESSLETTERSMOREAPPARENTLYPEOPLESHOULDMASTERCERTAINCOMMUNICATIONSKILLSANDLEARNMOREABOUTTHEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSLANGUAGE,STYLISTICFEATURES,FORMALWORDSANDEFFECTIVESENTENCESTHATAREUSEDMOSTLYANDTAKEIMPORTANTRO
5、LESINBUSINESSLETTERSTHISPAPERWILLINITIALLYEXPLORETHEUNIQUEFEATURESOFBUSINESSLETTERSFROMTHESTYLISTICS,ANDFURTHERANALYZETHEUSINGOFSPECIFICBUSINESSENGLISHLETTERSLANGUAGEVOCABULARY,GRAMMARANDMOODWITHSOMETYPICALEXAMPLESATTHESAMETIME,THEAUTHOREXPLORESTHETRANSLATIONPRINCIPLESANDTECHNIQUESOFTHEBUSINESSLETTE
6、RS,ALSOCOMBININGWITHSEVERALSENTENCESANDPARAGRAPHSFORYOURREFERENCEONLYIFWEHAVEAGOODKNOWLEDGEOFTHEFEATURESOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS,CANWEBESUCCEEDINTRANSLATIONANDWRITINGTHEMKEYWORDSINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSSTYLISTICFEATURESTRANSLATIONPRINCIPLESTECHNIQUESIIICONTENTSABSTRACTII1INTRODUCTION12THEO
7、RETICALUNDERPINNINGSOFTHETHESIS121DEFINITIONOFSTYLISTICS122SIGNIFICANCEOFEMPLOYINGSTYLISTICSTHEORIES23STYLISTICFEATURESOFTHEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS231LEXICALFEATURESOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS3311THEWORDSAREFORMALANDOFFICIAL3312EXPRESSINGIDEASEXACTLYANDSTRONGPROFESSION3313THELANGUAGEISMORESI
8、MPLETHANELABORATE432SYNTACTICFEATURESOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS5321TYPESOFTHESENTENCE5322FEATURESOFSENTENCESTRUCTURES6323EUPHEMISTICANDPOLITEMOOD74INTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSTRANSLATION841THERELATIONBETWEENSKOPOSTHEORYANDTRANSLATION842TRANSLATINGPRINCIPLESFORBUSINESSLETTERS9421CLARITY9422CONCIS
9、ENESS9423CONSIDERATION10424COURTESY11425CORRECTNESS11426CONCRETENESS1243TRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESANDTECHNIQUES13431LITERALTRANSLATION13432REPLACEMENTTRANSLATION13433DIVISION15434ADDITIONANDAMPLIFICATION14435OMISSION155CONCLUSION16BIBLIOGRAPHY18ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS2011INTRODUCTIONSINCECHINAHASJOINEDINTOWTO,T
10、HEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSACTIVITIESHAVEBECOMEMOREANDMOREFREQUENTMEANWHILE,THEBUSINESSLETTERISPLAYINGAMUCHIMPORTANTROLEININTERNATIONALACTIVITIES“SINCENOTALLBUSINESSMENHAVETHECHANCEORTIMETOHAVEAFACETOFACENEGOTIATION”CHENGBAO,2005“BUSINESSLETTERSREFERTOTHEWRITTENLETTERSOREMAILWHICHTHEENTERPRISESUSETOCONS
11、ULTANDNEGOTIATE”ANDTHEYAREALSOTHEPROFESSIONALWRITTENRECORDSOFTHEDEVELOPMENTSOFIMPORTSANDEXPORTSFROMTHEPOINTOFLAW,THESEWRITTENRECORDSARETHELEGALBASISOFBOTHTHEBUYERSANDTHESELLERSRIGHTS,STATEDOBLIGATION,ANDTHESETTLEMENTOFDISPUTESSOBUSINESSLETTERSSTRONGLYEMPHASIZETHEACCURACYANDTHENORMALIZATIONFROMTHEPOI
12、NTOFFILESASWELLASTHETRANSLATIONNOWADAYSMOSTOFTHEECONOMICDISPUTESARECAUSEDBYTHEUNSUITABLEWORDS,AMBIGUOUSMEANINGSOFTHEWORDS,LOOSEANDBROADMEANINGOFTHEARTICLES,ETCINTHEBUSINESSLETTERSTHEREFORE,TRANSLATORSSHOULDBEFAMILIARWITHTHERELEVANTPROFESSIONALKNOWLEDGEOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS,FOLLOWINGTHESESTY
13、LISTICFEATURESACCURATEWORDS,TIGHTSTRUCTURESANDTHENORMALFORMAT,ANDMASTERINGTHEPARTICULARITIESOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSLANGUAGETHATALLOFTHEMARETHEKEYTOACHIEVEUNDERSTANDINGOFTHETRANSLATIONOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSTHEYDECIDETHEBUSINESSSUCCESSFULORNOTINAGREATDEGREE2THEORETICALUNDERPINNINGSOFTHE
14、THESIS21DEFINITIONOFSTYLISTICSTHESTYLEINENGLISHORIGINATEDFROMTHEWORDSTYLUSOFLATINACCORDINGTOESSENTIALSOFENGLISHSTYLISTICS,“STYLISTICSISAWAYOFAPPLYINGLANGUAGE”QINXIUBAI,196612HEFURTHEREXPLAINEDTHATSTYLISTICSREVEALEDINALLASPECTSOFLANGUAGE,INCLUDINGTHECHOICEOFLANGUAGE,WRITING,LEXICON,SYNTACTICSTRUCTURE
15、ANDTYPEINTEXTLINGUISTIC196658QIANYUAN20061ALSOHOLDTHESIMILARVIEWANDDEFINEDSTYLISTICSAS“STYLISTICSISABRANCHOFLINGUISTICWHICHAPPLIESTHETHEORYANDMETHODOLOGYOFMODERNLINGUISTICTOTHESTUDYOFSTYLEITSTUDIESTHEUSAGEOFLANGUAGEINSPECIFICCONTEXTSANDATTEMPTSTOACCOUNTFORTHECHARACTERISTICSWHICHMAKETHELANGUAGEUSEOFI
16、NDIVIDUALSANDSOCIALGROUP”FROMWHATQINXIUBAIANDQIANYUANSAID,WECANEASILYMAKETHECONCLUSIONTHATSTYLISTICSISCONCERNEDWITHTHEDESCRIPTIONOFWRITERSVERBALCHOICES,SYNTACTICSTRUCTURE,WRITINGFEATURESTHEAIMOFANALYSISONSTYLISTICFEATURESISTOHELPREADERSGETAMETHODOFLANGUAGEANALYSISANDSOLVETHEPROBLEMSOFARTICLES2THATIS
17、TOSAY,STYLISTICSISANINTERDISCIPLINARYBRANCHOFLEARNINGWHICHSTUDIESVARIOUSDIFFERENCESBETWEENFORMALANDINFORMAL,BETWEENMAGNIFICENTANDPLAIN,BETWEENPROFESSIONALANDPOPULAR,BETWEENFOREIGNANDDOMESTIC,ANDBETWEENTHATANDTHISINDIVIDUALSABUSINESSLETTERISAFORMOFLINGUISTICMANIFESTATION,BUTTHEEFFECTOFLINGUISTICPHENO
18、TYPEANDTHECOMMUNICATIVEFUNCTIONAREMATERIALIZEDTHROUGHPHONOLOGY,LEXICON，SYNTHETICSTRUCTUREHOWEVER,THELANGUAGEHASAWIDERANGEOFVARIETIESSUCHASREGIONALVARIETY，SOCIALVARIETYANDTIMEVARIETYDIFFERENTPEOPLEFROMDIFFERENTCULTURALENVIRONMENTSMAYHAVETHEIROWNPERSONALOPINIONSOFTHESAMETHING,BECAUSETHEYAREINFLUENCEDP
19、ROFOUNDLYBYTHETRADITIONALCULTURE22SIGNIFICANCEOFEMPLOYINGSTYLISTICSTHEORIESWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFINTERNATIONALTRADE,INTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSAREBECOMINGINCREASINGLYIMPORTANTASAKINDOFPRACTICALWRITING,BUSINESSLETTERSHASFORMEDDISTINCTIVEFEATURESINTHEUSEOFLANGUAGEOVERTHELONGPERIODOFTIMEINTHISSITUATION,
20、TOMAKEADEEPSTUDYOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSATTHELANGUAGELEVELHASBECOMEQUITENECESSARYANDEVENSIGNIFICANTSTYLISTICSHASBEENAHEATEDSUBJECTINTHESTUDYOFLITERARYWORKSFORALONGTIMEASAPOWERFULTOOL,ITALSOCANBEEMPLOYEDINTHESTUDYOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSITISOFGREATIMPORTANCEWITHTHEHELPOFSTYLISTICS,THESTUD
21、YOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSCOULDBEMOREPROFOUND,MORECOMPLETEANDMORESYSTEMATICSOWECANIMPROVEOURKNOWLEDGEABOUTINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSTOTHERATIONALLEVEL3STYLISTICFEATURESOFTHEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSASFARASTHEHISTORYOFTHESTYLISTICSDEVELOPMENT,NOWENGLISHINBUSINESSLETTERSISFROMTHELANGUAGEWHIC
22、HWASAPPLIEDINBRITISHOVERSEASTRADEINTHE19THCENTURYITHADBEENWELLKNOWNFORTHESEFEATURESSUCHASSIMPLEDOCUMENTARY,RIGOROUSNORMS,GRAVITYANDGRACEFULNESS,ETCANDTHESEFEATURESCANKEEP“BUSINESSPOISE”LIUMIQING,199894100TOSHOWMOREUNIQUECHARACTERISTICSOFTHESTYLEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSAREUSEDTONEGOTIATEBUSINESSB
23、YTHEBOTHSIDESANDTHEYARETHEMAJORMEANSANDTHEMEDIAOFFACETOFACEBUSINESSCOMMUNICATIONINTHELONGTERMAPPLICATION,BUSINESSLETTERSHAVEFORMEDTHEIRSPECIALSTYLISTICFEATURESIN3CONSTRUCTINGSENTENCESITMAINLYREFLECTSINSUITABLEWORDS,THELAYOUTANDFORMATOFTHEDISCOURSEASFOLLOWS31LEXICALFEATURESOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETT
24、ERS311THEWORDSAREFORMALANDOFFICIALTHEBUSINESSENGLISHLETTERSOFTENUSETHEWRITTENWORDSWHICHHAVETHESAMEORSIMILARMEANINGTOTHEBASICVOCABULARYANDTHEORALVOCABULARY,SUCHAS“INFORM”OR“ADVICE”REPLACES“TELL”“DUPLICATE,DISPATCHANDOTHERWISE”ARERESPECTIVELYINSTEADOF“COPY,SEND,OR”PREPOSITIONALPHRASESAREINSTEADOFSIMPL
25、EPREPOSITIONS,LIKE“ASFOR,INRESPECTTO，INCONNECTIONWITH,WITHREGARDINGTO”,ALLOFTHEMREPLACE“ABOUT”EXAMPLE1WEAREPLEASEDTOADVICEYOUTHATYOURORDERNO103HASBEENDISPATCHEDINACCORDANCEYOUREYOURINSTRUCTIONZHANGXINHONG、LIMING,2003165我们很高兴地通知你们第103号订单货物已遵照你方指示运出。HEREFORMALWORD“DISPATCH”ISUSEDTOREPLACETHECOMMONWORD
26、“SEND”,AND“ADVICE”ISUSEDTOSUBSTITUTETHECOMMONWORD“TELL”ITREPRODUCESTHEFORMALITYOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSANDGIVESOTHERSTHEBETTERFEELING312EXPRESSINGIDEASEXACTLYANDSTRONGPROFESSIONBUSINESSLETTERSWORDSEXPRESSIDEASEXACTLY,THEYALSOOWNSTRONGPROFESSIONTHEMAINPERFORMANCEISONUSINGALARGENUMBEROFPROFESSIO
27、NALTERMS,LOANWORDS,ABBREVIATIONSANDTHESPECIALUSAGEOFGENERALWORDSINBUSINESSENGLISHCONTEXT1PROFESSIONALTERMSINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSINVOLVEAVARIETYOF“PROFESSIONALCONTENT”MANAGEMENT,STRATEGICPLAN,MARKETING,FINANCE,FINANCIALAFFAIRS,ECONOMICS,ACCOUNTING,BUSINESSLAWANDINTERNATIONALTRADE,ETCTHEFIELDREL
28、ATEDTERMSANDEXPRESSIONINCLUDENUMBERSOFTERMINOLOGIESLIKECOMBINATIONS,ABBREVIATIONORCOMMONWORDSWITHBUSINESSMEANINGSZHOURUIQI,2000,17274FORINSTANCE,FOBFREEONBOARDANDCIFCOST,INSURANCEANDFREIGHT,THEFREQUENTLYUSEDTERMSINBUSINESSLETTERS,REFERTOOFFSHOREPRICETHESELLERDELIVERSTHEGOODSATTHEPLACEOFORIGINANDTHEB
29、UYERISRESPONSIBLEFORTHEFREIGHT,ANDTHESELLERISRESPONSIBLEFORTHEFREIGHT,INSURANCERESPECTIVELYMORETERMSASSUCHARECWOCASHWITHORDERPAYMENTOFORDER,B/LBILLOFLADING,L/CLETTEROFCREDIT,CODCASHONDELIVERY,WPAWITHPARTICULAR4AVERAGEANINSURANCETERMREFERRINGTOLOSSESCAUSEDBYTHEACCIDENTONTHESEAANDSOONTHESEAREABBREVIAT
30、IONS“WITHOUTTHEKNOWLEDGEOFTHEM,ATRANSLATORCANHARDLYTRANSLATETHESENTENCESTHEWORDSARETERSEINFORMANDHANDYINUSE”HANRONG,2004EXAMPLE2ITWOULDBEAPPRECIATEDIFYOUWOULDLETUSKNOWBYRETURNINGYOURLOWESTPOSSIBLEPRICEFORTHEFOLLOWINGGOODSONFOBLONDON请报下列商品伦敦船上交货之最低价。2LOANWORDSLOANWORDSAREWORDSADOPTEDBYTHESPEAKERSFROM
31、OTHERCOUNTRIESNOTTHEIROWNCOUNTRIESALOANWORDCANALSOBECALLEDABORROWINGTHEBORROWINGOFTHEABSTRACTNOUNREFERSTOTHEPROCESSOFSPEAKERSADOPTINGWORDSFROMTHESOURCELANGUAGEINTOTHEIRNATIVELANGUAGETHESEWORDSAREFROMDIFFERENTCOUNTRIESASFOLLOWINGLATINSTATUSQUO现状,ITALIANDELCREDERE保付货价的,CHINESELITICHI荔枝,TUNGOIL桐油,MANGO
32、芒果,ETC3BUSINESSLETTERSACCURACYMAINLYEMBODIEDINTHEUTILIZATIONOFQUANTIFIERSTHEPROBLEMSOFTIME,PRICE,QUANTITY,AMOUNT,ANDSPECIFICATIONSALWAYSRUNTHROUGHTRADEACTIVITIES,ANDWEMUSTAVOIDAMBIGUITYINDIGITALEXPRESSIONEXAMPLE3THEVENDERSHALLDELIVERTHEGOODSTOTHEVENDEEBYJUNE15卖方须于6月15日或之前将货物交给买方。（ZHANGXINHONG、LIMING
33、,2003169）HERETHE“BYJUNE15”TAKESTHEPLACEOF“BEFOREJUNE15”THEYAREDIFFERENT“BYJUNE15”MEANS“BEFOREJUNE15”PLUSTHEDAYOFJUNE15,THUSINCLUDINGJUNE15313THELANGUGEISMORESIMPLETHANELABORATETHEMAINFUNCTIONSOFBUSINESSLETTERSARETOTRANSMITINFORMATION,TOSTARTTRADECONTRACTSBYTHETWOPARTIESWHORECEIVEANDSENDLETTERSSEPARA
34、TELY,FINALLYTOREACHADEALSOTHEBUSINESSLETTERSLANGUAGESHOULDBEMOREUNDERSTANDABLE,MOREGUILELESSANDMOREAMIABLEBESIDESTHEMEANSOFPROFESSIONALTERMSANDSOMEOTHERSWHICHAREUSEDTOTRANSMITTHEPURPOSEFULNESSOFINFORMATIONEXAMPLE4DEARSIR,ONEOFOURCUSTOMERSISINTERESTEDINYOURBICYCLES,PARTICULARLYMODELNOPA185PLEASESENDU
35、SACOPYOFYOURILLUSTRATEDCATALOGUE,QUOTINGYOURPRICESFOBSHANGHAIIFPOSSIBLEMEANWHILE,PLEASEINDICATETHETIMEOFDELIVERYYOUUSUALLYOFFERYOURSFAITHFULLY,我方客户对贵方PA18型自行车感兴趣。请邮来一份带插图的目录本,若有可能报上海离岸价,并告知你方通常的交付时间。THEEDITINGGROUPOFFOREIGNTRADEENGLISH,199825ITISAVERYBRIEFBUSINESSLETTERANDTHEUSAGEOFWORDSISSIMPLEANDA
36、MIABLEWITHOUTAPPLYINGTHEFLOWERYWORDSSOTHEPARAGRAPHAPPEARSSIMPLER,WHICHREFLECTSTHECONCISENESSOFBUSINESSLETTERS32SYNTACTICFEATURESOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS321TYPESOFTHESENTENCEDECLARATIVESENTENCESAREOFTENEMPLOYEDINBUSINESSLETTERS,INORDERTOMAKETHEPEOPLEGETTHESPECIFICINFORMATIONMOREEASILYHOWEVER,DE
37、CLARATIVESENTENCESDONOTMAKEAGREATSTYLISTICEFFECTUSINGIMPERATIVESENTENCESCANEXPRESSREQUEST,ADVICEANDORDERS,ETCANDALSOCANAVOIDCURTNESSANDINFLEXIBILITYSOTHEIMPERATIVESENTENCESAREMOREPOLITETHANDECLARATIVESENTENCESINTERROGATIVESENTENCESCANALSOBEUSEDTOEXPRESSTHEWRITERSVIEWSANDOFFERPROPOSALSTOEACHOTHERINTE
38、RROGATIVESENTENCESWHICHAREMOREPOLITELEAVETHEOTHERSIDEAGREATERROOM,ANDTHEYAREAPPLIEDMOREFREQUENTLYTHANIMPERATIVESENTENCESEXAMPLE5AYOUDBETTERSENDUSACOPYOFYOURCATALOGUEBWOULDYOUPLEASESENDUSACOPYOFYOURCATALOGUEALTHOUGHSENTENCEBISMORECOMPLEXTHANSENTENCEA,ITISMOREPOLITETHEORIGINALSENTENCEWILLGIVETHEREADER
39、ANIMPRESSIONTHATYOUORDERSOMEONETODOSOMETHINGITISANUNFRIENDLYWAYEXCLAMATORYSENTENCESAREABLETOCREATEACHEERFULANDRELAXINGENVIRONMENTFORTHEREADERSTHEYARENOTINCONFORMEDTOTHESTYLISTICSOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSWHICHSTRESSTHEOBJECTIVITYANDPRECISENESSTHEREFORE,ININTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS,THEEXCLAMATO
40、RYSENTENCESARESELDOMUSED6322FEATURESOFSENTENCESTRUCTURESENGLISHSENTENCES,ACCORDINGTOTHESTRUCTURES,CANBEDIVIDEDINTOTHREETYPESSIMPLESENTENCES,COMPOUNDSENTENCESANDCOMPLEXSENTENCESININTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS,COMPOUNDSENTENCESANDCOMPLEXSENTENCESAREWIDELYUSEDTHEYCANMAKETHEBUSINESSLETTERSQUITEACCURATE1T
41、HECOMPLEXSENTENCESCOMBINEWITHSEVERALSIMPLESENTENCES,BUTTHECOMPLEXSENTENCESARETHEMAINPARTSINORDERTOENSURETHEEXQUISITEPATTERNSANDTHESTRICTLOGIC,INTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSOFTENCOMBINEWITHSHORTSUCCESSIVESENTENCESANDTHENTURNINTOANINDEPENDENTMAINSUBORDINATECOMPLEXSENTENCEORACOMPOUNDSENTENCETHESTRUCTUREO
42、FCOMPLEXSENTENCESISCOMPLEXANDTHEEXPRESSIONISCOMPLETEDBUTTHESTRUCTUREOFSIMPLESENTENCESISSIMPLE,CLEARANDPRECISETHESOLEMNITYANDCONCISENESSAREREQUIREDININTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS,ANDTHEPURPOSELIESINTHEPURSUITOFACCURATEANDRIGOROUSLANGUAGESTYLESOTHEUSAGEOFTHECOMPLEXSENTENCESISCOMMON,BUTWEAREALSONOTAGAIN
43、STTHEUSAGEOFSIMPLESENTENCESEXAMPLE6THECREDITCOULDCOVER85OFTHELOCALEXPENSESIFTHEYAREMADEUNDERTHERESPONSIBILITYOFTHEBRITISHCONTRACTORANDWITHINTHELIMITOFTHEDOWNPAYMENTSPAIDONTHECONTRACT,IE,15ASAMAXIMUM此项贷款可支付当地费用的85。但此项费用必须是英国承包商直接负责支付的，并必须在合同付款的幅度以内，即最高不得超过合同金额的15。THISSENTENCEISAMAINSUBORDINATECOMPLEX
44、SENTENCE,GUIDEDBYANADVERBIALCLAUSEOFTHESUBORDINATECONJUNCTION“IF”WHICHCONTAINSTWOPREREQUISITESTHATITMAKESTHERANGEOFMAINCLAUSESACTIVITIESRESTRICTEDANDLEADTOTHEWHOLESENTENCESLOGICTIGHT2COORDINATESTRUCTURESAREUSEDFREQUENTLYTHE“AND”ISUSEDTOCONNECTCOORDINATESTRUCTURETHATMAKETHEEXPRESSIONMOREPRECISEANDUSI
45、NG“OR”TOGUIDETHESELECTIVECOORDINATESTRUCTURETHATGETTHECONTENTMORERIGOROUSANDMORECOMPREHENSIVETHEPHRASESASBELOWAREOTHEROFTENUSEDCONTINUOUSSYNONYMSININTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSAMENDMENTSTO/ORALTERATIONSOF修改FORCEANDEFFECT效力FULFILLANDPROVIDE履行FURNISHANDPROVIDE提供OBLIGATIONSANDRESPONSIBILITIES义务MAKEANDEN
46、TERINTO达成73ADVERBIALPOSITIONISUNIQUEINBUSINESSLETTERS,THELONGERADVERBIALSOFTENAPPEARBETWEENTHESUBJECTANDTHEPREDICATEHOWEVER,THEREARENOLONGADVERBIALSLIKETHATINGENERALSTYLISTICSTHEPREDICATESCANBEPUTINBETWEENCONJUNCTIONSIF,WHEN,INCASE,ETCANDTHESUBJECTOFCLAUSESINTHEADVERBIALCLAUSEOFBUSINESSLETTERSHOWEVE
47、R,THEGENERALLITERARYSTYLECANTDOTHATEXAMPLE7IF,AFTER30DAYSFROMTHECOMMENCEMENTOFSUCHINFORMALCONSULTATIONS,THEPARTIESFAILTORESOLVEAMICABLYACONTRACTDISPUTE,EITHERPARTYHERETOMAYREQUIRETHATTHEDISPUTEBESUBMITTEDTOARBITRATIONFORRESOLUTION在非正式协商开始30天后，如果双方仍不能友好地解决合同争端，任何一方都可以要求将争端提交仲裁解决。323EUPHEMISTICANDPOLI
48、TEMOODINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSARETHEMEANSOFMULTINATIONALCONTACT,SOTHETRANSLATORSSHOULDPAYGREATATTENTIONTOTHELETTERSPOLITENESSANDEUPHEMISTICMOODPOLITENESSMAKESTHEPERSONHAVEEASEOFMINDTOBUILDTHEFRIENDSHIPEASILY,ANDPLAYSASIGNIFICANTROLEINPROMOTINGTHETRADEDEALSTOBESUCCESSFULTHEEUPHEMISTICMOODINTHEINT
49、ERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERSCANEUPHEMISTICALLYREJECTTHEREQUIREMENTSORSOMECONDITIONSOFOTHERSWITHOUTHURTINGTHEOPPOSITESIDESFEELINGSANDITISHELPFULTOKEEPFRIENDLYBUSINESSRELATIONSTHEREFORE,ININTERNATIONALBUSINESSLETTERS,CHOOSINGTHEEUPHEMISTICMOODNOTONLYISAGOODWAYTOPOINTOUTTHEINCONVENIENCESOFTHEOTHERPARTY,BUTALSOEXPRESSGRATITUDE,JOYFULNESS,SATISFACTIONANDAPOLOGY,ETCWUSHU,200189COMMONLYUSEDSENTENCEPATTERNSINDICATEPOLITEANDEUPHEMISTICMOODTHANKYOUFOR感谢贵方BEGRATEFULOBLIGED感激WEAREGLADTO很高兴WEREGRETTO/WEAREVERYSORRYTO非常遗憾INADDITION,UNREALCONDITIONALSENTENCES,SUBJUNCTIVEMOODANDMODALVERBS,ET
