1、1一、京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”， 是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了 19 世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱） 、念（念白） 、做（表演） 、 打（武） 、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。 角色主要分生（男性） 、旦（女性） 、净（男性） 、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。(1) 京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”， 是地道的中国国粹。Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of Chi
2、na. (2) 它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China.(3) 到了 19 世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. (4) 京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱） 、念（念白
3、） 、做（表演） 、 打（武） 、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通2过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。 Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts-song, speech, performance, acrobatic fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. (5) 角色主要分生（男性） 、旦（女性） 、净（男性） 、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。The main types of rol
4、es in Beijing Opera are sheng (male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou (clown, either male or female).二、道教是中国土生土长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的道德经为主要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”, 崇尚清静无为，修身养性。 “道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼(jiao4)”便是老子的至理名言。 (1) 道教是中国土生土长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思
5、想家老子。Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Lao-zi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period. (2) 道教以老子所著的道德经为主要经典。3Tao Te Ching, written by Lao-zi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. (3) 道教主张“重人贵生”, 崇尚清静无为，修身养性。Taoism advocates the value
6、 of a human beings life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from ones mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. (4) “道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。The following is an example of Lao-zis wise saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvaryin
7、g way; the names that can be named are not unvarying names. (5) 无名天地之始；有名万物之母。It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; the named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. (6) 故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼 (jiao4)”便是老子的至理名言。Truly, only he that rids himself forev
8、er of desire can see the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes. 4三、中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。 “成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成。成语是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。 (1) 中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固
9、定词组或短语。Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. (2) “成语 ”中的“成”既是约定俗成。Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. (3) 成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical fu
10、nction as a word. (4) 绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters, for example, ziqiangbuxi (make unremitting efforts to 5improve oneself), qingchuyulan (bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). (5) 成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方
11、面提炼而成。Idioms are extracted from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. (6) 成语是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality. 四、中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫(sao1)丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。
12、西汉时张骞出使西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征,东方文明的使者。(1) 中国是丝绸的故乡。China is the home of silk. (2) 栽桑、养蚕、缫(sao1)丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。6Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and silk weaving are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. (3) 商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相
13、当高的水平。As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Chinese peoples silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. (4) 西汉时张骞出使西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。During the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, traveled around central Asia and connected China with the Pe
14、rsian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. (5) 从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征,东方文明的使者。From then on, Chinas silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. S
15、ince then, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture 7and the emissary of oriental civilization. 五、中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。 (1) 中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建
16、筑艺术的珍宝。The Chinese classical garden, as a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape, is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. (2) 其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。The construction standard of a Chinese
17、classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” (3) 游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, 8you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun o
18、f mountains and rivers for viewers.” (4) Of the worlds three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the worlds garden due to its long history and abundant connotations. 六、笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。 用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔； 汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨。
19、有了纸张以后，简牍(du2)锦帛 (bo2)逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。 “文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。 (1) 笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。The Four Treasures of the Study - the writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often refer
20、red to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” (2) 用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。9The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint 5,000 years before. (3) 秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔； 汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨。In the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo
21、 trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. (4) 有了纸张以后，简牍(du2)锦帛(bo2)逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually
22、faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. (5) “文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。After the Song Dynasty (960AD-1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick prod
23、uced in Huizhou, 10Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province; and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou). (6) 可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have written the whole Chinese ci
24、vilization, as it is. 七、狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot） 。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了 2,000 多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty） ，狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其它节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。(1) 狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. (2) 狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot） 。
