1、第 1 页，共 10 页2013 年 12 月：段落翻译：试卷一：中餐 【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition） 。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an
2、art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insist
3、ently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 试卷二：信息技术 【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 【
4、翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curr
5、iculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern. 试卷三：茶文化 【真题原文】“你要茶还是咖啡？ “是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清（the qing dynasties）期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到
6、日本，但直到 18 世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料（beverage）之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 【翻译答案】“Would you like tea or coffee?“ Thats a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese empe
7、ror five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popu
8、lar beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 试卷四：中国结 【真题原文】中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。第 2 页，共 10 页在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。 “结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚,中国结常常作为礼物交换或作为饰品祈求好运和辟邪。这种形式的手工艺代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢
9、迎。 【翻译答案】The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen. After hundreds of years of continuous improvement，it has become a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts. In the ancient times，people used it to record the events，but now it was used mainly for decorative purposes. In Chinese,
10、 the knot means love, marriage and reunion, and is often a jewelry used for gift exchange or praying for good luck and warding off evil spirits. This form of handicrafts pass down from generation to generation, and then it has become increasingly popular in China and around the world.英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国
11、历史与文化京剧 Peking opera 秦腔 Qin opera 功夫 Kungfo 太极 Tai Chi 口 技 ventriloquism 木偶戏 puppet show 皮影戏 shadowplay 折子戏 opera highlights 杂技 acrobatics 相声 witty dialogue comedy 刺绣 embroidery 苏绣 Suzhou embroidery 泥人 clay figure 书法 calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese painting 水墨画 Chinese brush painting 中国结 Chinese
12、knot中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火药 gunpowder 印刷术 printing 造纸术 paper-making 指南针 the compass 青铜器 bronze ware 瓷器 porcelain; china唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝 cloisonne秋千 swing武术 martial arts儒家思想 Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture道教 Taoism墨家 Mohism第 3 页，共 1
13、0 页法家 Legalism佛教 Buddhism孔子 Confucius孟子 Mencius老子 Lao Tzu庄子 Chuang Tzu墨子 Mo Tzu孙子 Sun Tzu象形文字 pictographic characters文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)大学The Great Learning中庸The Doctrine of the Mean论语The Analects of Confucius孟子The Mencius孙子兵法The Art of
14、War三国演义Three Kingdoms西游爷己Journey to the West红楼梦Dream of the Red Mansions水浒传Heroes of the Marshes山海经The Classic of Mountains and Rivers资治通鉴History as a Mirror春秋The Spring and Autumn Annals史记Historical Records诗经The Book of Songs易经The I Ching; The Book of Changes礼记The Book of Rites三字经Three-character Sc
15、riptures八股文 eight-part essay五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-character octave旗袍 cheongsam中山装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 Tang suit风水 Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历 Solar calendar 阴历 Lunar calendar 闰年 leap year 十二生肖 zodiac 春节 the Spring Festival 元宵节 the Lantern Festival清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节 the D
16、ragon-boat Festival 中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节 the Double-ninth Day 七夕节 the Double-seventh Day 春联 spring couplets 庙会 temple fair 第 4 页，共 10 页爆竹 firecracker年画（traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱 New Year gift-money舞龙 dragon dance元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯 festival lantern灯谜 lantern riddle舞狮 lio
17、n dance踩高跷 stilt walking赛龙舟 dragon boat race胡同 hutong山东菜 Shandong cuisine 川菜 Sichuan cuisine 粤菜 Canton cuisine 扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine 月饼 moon cake 年糕 rice cake 油条 deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆 soybean milk 馒头 steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck 拉面 hand-st
18、retched noodles 馄饨 wonton (dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu? bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 烧饼 clay oven rolls 皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg 蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg 糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks 火锅 hot pot长城 the Great Wall of China 烽火台 beacon tower秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors a
19、nd Horses大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda丝绸之路 the Silk Road敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs五台山“Wutai Mountain九华山 Jiuhua Mountain蛾眉山 Mount Emei泰山 Mount Tai黄山 Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain 故宫 the Imperial Palace天坛 the Temple of Heaven 第 5 页，共 10 页午门 Meridian Gate大运河 Grand Canal护城河 the Moat回
20、音壁 Echo Wall居庸关 Juyongguan Pass九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi十三陵 the Ming Tombs苏州园林 Suzhou gardens西湖 West Lake九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley日月潭 Sun Moon Lake布达拉宫 Potala Palace鼓楼 drum tower四合院 quadrangle; courtyard complex孔庙 Confucius Temple乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha十八罗汉 the Eighte
21、en Disciples of the Buddha喇嘛 Lama英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国社会多元文化论 cultural pluralism 文化适应 acculturation 社会保障 social security 班车 shuttle bus相定迁户 a relocated unit or household 大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age独生子女 the only child in a family 单亲 single parent 福利彩票 welfare lotteries 家政服务 household
22、 management service 民工 migrant laborers 名人 celebrity农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers 青春期 puberty全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign 全国人口普查 nationwide census 社会保险 social insurance 暂住证 temporary residence permit/card 青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency 性骚扰 sexual harassment 走私 smuggling*性另歧视 gender/sexual d
23、iscrimination 年龄歧视 age discrimination 第 6 页，共 10 页工作歧视 job discrimination 享乐主义 hedonism 文盲 illiteracy贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版 pirated/illegal copies 一国两制 One Country, Two Systems 三个代表 the Three Represents Theory 两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)南南合作 South-South Cooperat
24、ion南北对话 North-South Dialog人大常委会 Peoples Congress Standing Committee法制观念 awareness of law法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system改革开放 reform and opening-up公务员 civil servants官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work 和谐并存 harmonious coexistence 计划生育 family planning计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of fam
25、ily planning4 青才申文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization 居委会 neighborhood committee科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展 sustainable development 廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency 两岸关系 cross-straits relations 两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations 领 土完整 territorial integrity
26、民族精神 national spirit 普选制 general election system求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences 人大代表 NPC member物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization小康社会 a well-off society小康水平 a well-off standard一个中国原则 the one-China principle与时俱进 keep pace with the times综合国力 overall national strength共同愿望
27、common desire“走出去” （战略）going global不结盟 non-alignment单边主义 unilateralism多边政策 multilateralism多极世界 multipolar world人 口 老龄化 aging of population人口出生率 birth rate社区月服务 community service道德法庭 court of ethics第 7 页，共 10 页盗用公款 embezzlement成人夜校 night school for adults在职进修班 on-job training courses政治思想教育 political
28、and ideological education毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate充电 update ones knowledge初等教育 elementary education大学城 college town大学社区 college community高等教育 higher education高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education高等学府 institution of higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university文
29、科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering师范学院 teachers college; normal college高分低能 high scores and low abilities高考(university/college) entrance examination高校扩招 the college expansion plan教育界 education circle教育投入 input in education九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory e
30、ducation考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools课外活动 extracurricular activities必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses 专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学
31、分 credit启发式教学 heuristic teaching 人才交流 talent exchange 人才战 competition for talented people 商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC) 适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国经济总需求 aggregate demand 总供
32、给 aggregate supply 第 8 页，共 10 页企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司 cross-national corporation 创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise猎头公司 head-hunter 假日经济 holiday economy 人力资本 human capital 航空和航天工业 aerospace indus
33、try 飞机制造工业 aircraft industry 电子工业 electronic industry 汽车制造工业 car industry 娱乐业 entertainment industry 信息产业 information industry 知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业 light industry 博彩业 lottery industry 制造业 manufacturing industry 垄断行业 monopoly
34、industries 市场多元化 market diversification 市场经济 market economy 市场监管 market supervision 购买力 purchasing power 熊市 bear market 牛市 bull market 城镇化 urbanization 房地产 real estate 首付 down-payment 业主 home owner个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 经济全球化 economic globalization 经济特区 special economic zones (SEZ)经济增长 econo
35、mic growth 泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税 tariff纳税人 tax payer 宏观经济 macro economy 货币投放量 the size of money supply 流动性过剩 excess liquidity 经济过热 overheated economy 通货膨胀 inflation 抑制通货膨胀 curb inflation 注入流动性 to inject liquidity 贴现率 discount rate存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio (RRR)公开市场业务 open market operation (O
36、MO)逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo 第 9 页，共 10 页引导降低市场借贷成本 to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level 稳健的货币政策 prudent monetary policy 微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy硬着陆 hard landing 软着陆 soft landing 二十国集团 Group of Twenty (G2O)财政部长 Finance Minister全年预期经济增长目标 the expected g
37、rowth target for the whole year 经济活力 economic vitality大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package 结构改革 structural reform硬资产 hard assets 软资产 soft assets 有形资产 tangible assets 经济走廊 economic corridor 整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order 反垄断 antitrust; anti-monopoly 定价浮动 price fluctuations 谋求利益最大化 to max
38、imize profit 债务审计 audit of debt地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability 公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system债务管理 debt management 信用支持 credit support模拟题： 剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。 中国剪纸有_千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在 春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增
39、加喜庆的气氛。 剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地 很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。参考译文Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with pap
40、er cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors，windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cuttin
41、g is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.中医(Chinese medicine)是世界医学的遗产。中医有比西方医学 更好的治病方法。因为中医的效果和医治方式，在世界上中医现在 越来越流行了。中医起源于古代，巳经发展了很长一段时间，它收 集了治疗不同疾第 10 页，共 10 页病的各种方法。传统中医讲究人们身体系统的平衡。 这是说，_旦人的身体系统平衡，疾病就会消失。身体系统的损害 是疾病的根源。参考译文Chinese medicine is a herita
42、ge of world medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has a power to heal people better than the western ones. China medicine now is more and more popular in the world due to its effect and its way to heal people. Originated from the ancient time，the Chinese medicine has developed in a long time and it
43、 has collected various ways to treat different illness. The traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the balance the body system of people. It is said that once the system of people is in balance, the illness will disappear. The damage of the body system is the source of disease.大熊猫(Giant Pand
44、as),作为中国的国宝，被认为是活化石。中 国大熊猫主要生活在中国中西部和西南部，是目前濒临灭绝的物种。 换句话说，中国大熊猫的故乡是四川。四川成都大熊猫繁育和研究中心 (Chengdu Panda Breeding and Research Centre) 大熊猫的家，是市区附近最大的大熊猫基地。Giant Pandas, regarded as a national treasure of China, are considered a living fossil. Chinese Pandas mainly lives in central-western and southwest C
45、hina，and is currently an endangered species. In other words, the hometown of Chinese panda is Sichuan. And Chengdu Panda Breeding and Research Centre in Suchuan home of the Panda is the biggest panda base near the urban district.在中国，小学教育需要花费 12 年的时间来完成，分为小学、初中和高中三个阶段。小学教育持续 5 年或 6年。在初中阶段，大多数学生上 3 年制
46、初中，极少数上 4 年制。几乎 98的学生在前一种学校入学。在小学和初中的 9 年教育属于义务教育。普通高中教育持续 3 年时间，在整个义务教育阶段，学生要求在每学期未参加期末考试。参考译文 In China, primary and secondary education takes 12 years to complete, divided into primary, junior secondary and senior secondary stages. Primary education lasts either five or six years. At junior second
47、ary stage, most have three-year schooling with any part of four-year. Almost 98 percent of students are enrolled in the former schools. The nine-year schooling in primary and junior secondary schools belongs to compulsory education. General senior secondary education lasts for three years. Throughout the whole process of compulsory education, students are required to take final examinations at the end of each semester.
