1、Translation Skills翻译技巧Section5-6Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法n 重复法实际上也是一种增词法,只不过所增加的词是 上文刚出现过的词 。翻译和写作一样,本应力求简练,尽量省略一些可有可无的词;但有时为了明确、强调或生动,却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法n 一、为了明确n (一)重复名词 n 1. 重复英语中作宾语的名词 n 1) Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations. n 我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧n 2) They began
2、to study and analyze the situation of the enemy. n 他们开始研究敌情,分析敌情n 2. 重复英语中作表语的名词 n 1) He became an oil baron - all by himself. n 他成为一个石油大王 一个白手起家的石油大王n 3) John is your friend as much as he is mine. n 约翰既是你的朋友,又是我的朋友。Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法n 3. 重复英语前置词短语前所省略的名词 n 英语中常重复使用前置词,而将第二个、第三个前置词前的名词省略,翻译时则往
3、往要把此名词重复。 n 1) The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients. n 医生从我身上得到的实践,会比从 1700个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。n 2) The story of Jurgis is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destfoyed by the capitalist industrial machine. n 尤吉斯的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事,是资本主义工业
4、机器摧残不幸的人们的故事Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法n 4. 重复英语中作先行词的名词 英语定语从句常用关系词引导,它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词(名词或代词),一方面在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有关系词,往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。n 1) They have staged demonstrations and sit-ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in Moscow. n 他们举行了示威游行和静坐,
5、散发了请愿书,而这些请愿书必定会传到驻莫斯科的外国记者手中n 2) Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity. n 水可由能量来分解,所谓能量也就是电流Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法n (二)重复动词 n 1. 英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语,在译文中往往要重复这个动词。 n 1) Is he a friend or an enemy? n 他是个朋友呢,还是个仇人? n 2) The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too. n
6、这一下不仅震痛了他的手,也震痛了他的肩膀n 3) For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother. n 足足有十分钟,他既骂我,又骂我的兄弟Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法n 2. 英语句子中动词后有前置词时,在第二次第三次往往只用前置词而省略动词,在译文中则要重复动词以代替英语中重复的前置词。 n 1) We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other - of everything but ou
7、r host and hostess. n 我们谈到自己,谈到前途,谈到旅程,谈到天气,谈到彼此的情况 谈到一切,只是不谈我们的男女主人。n 3) He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength. n 他不再梦见风涛,不再梦见惊人的遭遇,也不再梦见大鱼、搏斗和角力。Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法n (三)重复代词 n 1. 英语中用代词的地方,翻译时往往可按汉语习惯重复其所代替的名词。 n 1) J
8、esse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears. n 杰西睁开眼睛,眼里充满了泪水n 2) In China, they “made mistakes“, suffered by them, acknowledged and studied them, thus planned victory. n 在中国,他们 “犯过错误 ”,吃过错误的亏,承认错误,研究错误,从而制定了胜利的方针。Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法n 2. 英语中用物主代词 its, his, their等等以代替句中作主语的名词(有时附有修饰语)时,翻译时
9、往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的名词(有时附有修饰语),以达到明确具体的目的。 n 1) Happy families also had their own troubles. n 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。 n 2) Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines. n 强国有强国的策略,小国也有小国的路线。 Chapter 5 Repetition 重复法n 3. 英语中强势关系代词或强势关系副词 whoever, whenever, wherever等等,翻译时往往使用重
10、复法处理。 n 1) Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized. n 谁犯了纪律,谁就应该受到批评。n 2) Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution. n 哪里有残酷的压迫,哪里就有革命。n 4. 英语用 some . and others .(some ., others .)连用的句子,译成汉语时主语往往是谓语重复形式的 “的 ”字结构,有时也可以用 “有的 ,有的 ” 句式。 1) Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside. n 上大学的,上大学了,下乡的,下乡了。( =有的上大学了,有的下乡了。)n 2) Some played soccer and others played basketball. n 踢足球的,踢足球去了,打篮球的,打篮球去了。( =有的踢足球去了,有的打篮球去了。