1、2011 年职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工类（A 级）第 1 部分：词汇选项（第 11 5 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分）下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The sea turtles natural habitat has been considerably reduced. A. suddenly B. generally C. slightly D. greatly 2. Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do. A. doubtin
2、g B. thinking C. saying D. knowing 3. I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch. A. instructing B. pushing. C. notifying D. inviting 4. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source. A. maintained B. recommended C. considered D. acknowledged 5. The decision to inv
3、ade provoked storms of protest. A. caused B. ignored C. organized D. received 6. A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children. A. reported B. praised C. proved D. caught 7. At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. A. give B. attach C. lose
4、D. understand 8. Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage. A. turning B. jumping C. shaking D. shouting 9. It is possible to approach the problem in a different way. A. handle B. raise C. pose D. experience 10. Jane said that she couldnt tolerate the long hours. A. spend B. stand C. take D. la
5、st 11. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses. A. relative B. continuous C. general D. sharp 12. I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse. A. afraid B. anxious C. sure D. sad 13. She always finds fault with everything. A. si
6、mplifies B. evaluates C. criticizes D. examines 14. At 80，Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris. A. happy B. alone C. busy D. energetic 15. For some obscure reason，the simple game is becoming very popular. A. obvious B. major C. unclear D. minor 第二部分：阅读判断（第 1622 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分） 下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子
7、，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 Earth Rocks On Most of the time, the ground feels solid beneath our feet.Thats comforting. But its also misleading because theres actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land (called plates) slip, slide, and bump ag
8、ainst each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years. Scientists know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust, eventually formed moving plat
9、es. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question. Now, an international group of researchers has an answer. Theyve found new evidence suggesting that Earths crust started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago. The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones. Not
10、long before 3.8 billion years ago, lots of asteroids were pummeling Earth, keeping its crust in a hot, molten state. After the hard crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planets hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface as lava. In some places, however, the crus
11、t never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called the Isua supracrustal(上地壳 ) belt. The rocky crust there is between 3.7 and 3.8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is exposed to air. The researchers recently look at the Isua supracrusta
12、l belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock. To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock, called magma(岩浆), flowed up slowly from deep inside
13、Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the area cooled, forming what we see today. That explanation, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under tne ocean, beginning around 3.8 billion years ago. 16. The ground beneath our feet is indeed s
14、till. A.right B. wrong C. not mention 17.The shape of lands and oceans are slowly changed with the movements of plates. A.right B. wrong C. not mention 18. Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed. A.right B. wrong C. not mention 19.Scientists once estimated that Earths crust started shifting t
15、hree billion years ago. A.right B. wrong C. not mention 20.It took a long time for the melted crust to become hard. A. right B. wrong C. not mention 21.The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago. A.right B. wrong C. not mention 22. The lsua sup
16、racrustal belt is now a popular holiday resort. A.right B. wrong C. not mention 第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第 2330 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分） 下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：（1）第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为指定段落每段选择 1个小标题；（2）第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 The iPad 1. The iPad is a tablet computer（平板电脑）designed, developed and marketed by Appl
17、e. It is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books, periodicals(期刊), movies, music, and games, as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds (680grams), its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the iP
18、ad in April 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days. 2 The iPad runs the same operating system as the iPod Touch and iPhone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for iPhone. Without modification, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its onli
19、ne store. 3. Like iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad is controlled by a multitouch displaya break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus（触控笔）. The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse（浏览） the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models
20、also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. The device is managed and synchronized（同步） by iTunes on a personal computer via USB cable. 4. An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of
21、iPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. one of the most common uses is for e-mails services. iPad applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options
22、. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts. 5. While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. Some companies are adopting iPads in their business offices by distributing or making available iPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplac
23、e include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. A survey by Frost Sullivan shows that iPad usage in office workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employee productivity, reduced paperwork,
24、and increased revenue. 23. Paragraph 2 _ 24. Paragraph 3 _ 25. Paragraph 4 _ 26. Paragraph 5 _ A. Business Usage. B. Display and Data Connection. C. Feature and Application. D. Difference from iPhone. E. Operating System. F. Online Stores. 27. In April 2010 the iPad developed by Apple was_ 28. The i
25、Pad will only run programs approved by Apple if not _ 29. iPad applications enable the owners email accounts to be _ 30. iPad uses in offices enable employee productivity to be _ A. browsed B. personalized C. distributed D. increased E. released F. modified 第四部分：阅读理解（第 3145 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分） 下面有 3 篇短
26、文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。 第一篇 Calculating Crime When you think about math, you probably dont think about breaking the law, solving mysteries or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find criminals. People who sol
27、ve crimes look for patterns that might reveal （揭示） the identity of the criminal. Its long been believed, for example, that criminals will break the law closer to where they live, simply because its easier to get around in their own neighborhood. If police see a pattern of robberies in a certain area
28、, they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it is that the same criminal did it. But Mike OLeary, a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland, says that this kind of approach may be too simple. He says th
29、at police may get better clues to the location of a criminals home base by combining these patterns with a citys layout （布局）and historical crime records. The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets - that is, the kind of stores that might be less difficult
30、 to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections are. OLeary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city. His program also includes information about t
31、he people who live in the city, and information about how a criminals patterns change with age. Its been shown, for example, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime. Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but OLearys uses more math. The mathematician plans to
32、 make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the country. The program is just one way to use math to fight crime. OLeary says that criminology - the study of crime and criminals - contains a lot of good math problems. “I feel like Im in a gold mine and Im the on
33、ly one who knows what gold looks like,“ he says. “Its a lot of fun.“ 31. Which of the following statements about math is true? A. It is too difficult for the police to use in finding criminals. B. Few people associate it with finding criminals. C. Some criminals make use of it when committing crimes
34、. D. it has long been employed in solving crimes. 32. People tend to think there is a relationship between A. the time of a crime and the age of the criminal. B. the type of a crime and the identity of the criminal. C. the pattern of a crime and the equipment of the criminal. D. the location of a cr
35、ime and the residence of the criminal. 33. OLeary includes all the following information in writing his program EXCEPT A. the records of past crimes. B. the locations of police bureaus. C. the people living in the city. D. the change of a criminals patterns with age. 34. OLearys program is different
36、 from other similar software in that A. it is inexpensive. B. it is more user-friendly. C. it uses more math. D. it is available all over the world. 35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that OLeary A. will develop programs for other governmental departments. B. is going to use math in look
37、ing for gold. C. thinks its interesting to learn math. D. will further use math in studying crimes and criminals. 第二篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 foo
38、d scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat. Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does
39、 not taste as good to them as it does to others3, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator? on the study. Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are Working togethe
40、r on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption. The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out ove
41、r weeks5. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, r
42、anging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind. “Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,“ said Hayes. “Supertasters, peopl
43、e who experience tastes more tensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. “ However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter
44、 tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. “For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented, milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,“ he said. “A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced6. Hayes cit
45、ed research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations
46、in eye and hair color. “Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter,“ he said. “Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological di
47、fferences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness. 36. John Hayes pointed out that _. A. food with less salt tastes better. B. many people make efforts to accept low-salt food. C. many people never eat low-salt food. D. it is good to health to eat food without salt. 37. The fourth paragraph briefly describes_? A. how the subjects were selected and what they were asked to do. B. why the number of subjects was limited to 87. C. why more male subjects were chosen than female ones.
