1、强调句型考点面面观 句型结构： It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who +句子剩余部分 本文我们着重探讨该句型的创新变化形式。随着高考考点的不断深入变化，该句型总是以新的面孔出现，或本身发生变化，或与其他句式结构相结合，然而万变不离其宗，总是脱不掉it， be， that/who这一框架结构。笔者结合近几年有关高考题的特点，将其变化形式归纳如下： 强调句型的一般疑问句形式。一 . 句式特征： Is/ Was it +被强调部分 + that ； 1（ 1994 上海） Was it in 1969 _ the American astronauts succeeded
2、 _ landing on the moon ? A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in 简析 ：比较 It was in 1969 that the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon 我们不难看出该题干实质上是该陈述句的一般疑问句形式。答案选 D。 2 Could it be in the restaurant in _ you had dinner with me yesterday _ you lost your handbag?A. that; which B
3、. which; that C. where; that D. that; where 这是一个含有情态动词的强调句型的一般疑问句形式，第一空格所在的句子成分应为定语从句，结合介词 in应用关系代词 which；第二个空格所在部分应为强调句型中的 that分句。故答案为 B。二、 结合特殊疑问词构成特殊疑问句形式。 句式特征：特殊疑问词 +is/was it that ？ 3 _ is it _has made Peter _he is today? A. What; that; that B. That; that; what C. What; what; that D. What; tha
4、t; what 简析 ：本题结构复杂，乍看难以理清，请看下面两句： It is determination that has made Peter what he is today. 对划线部分提问 What is it that has made Peter what he is today? 对照原题，则答案为 D。 依此为据扩展开来可为： 4 How is it that she turned down our help? 什么原因使得 ？ 5 Where was it that you met Tom yesterday? 究竟在哪 ？ 6 When was it that you m
5、et him in the park? 究竟何时 ？ 7 When and where was it that you got to know Mary? 究竟在何时何地 ？ 8 Who was it that that came up with the bright idea? 究竟是谁 ？ 9 Which book is it that you want to buy? 究竟是哪一本书 ？ 10 Whose umbrella was it that you took away? 到底是谁的伞 ？ 三、 强调句型的反意疑问句形式 句式特征为： It is/was+被强调部分 +that ，i
6、snt / wasnt it？ 11 It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, _? A. do they B. didnt they C. wasnt it D. was it 简析 ：答案 C. 此种情况下疑问句中的主语应与强调句型中的主语 it保持一致，不能和被强调部分中的名词或代词保持一致，并要遵守 “前肯定后否定 ”的原则。 四、强调句型的感叹句形式。 句式特征为： what/ how it is (that) + 主语 +谓语！ 12 What a beautiful picture i
7、t is (that) you have drawn! 13 How beautiful it is (that) your daughter is! 五、强调句型的 “让步含义 ”。 句式特征为：含有 “让步含义 ”的强调句型在翻译成汉语时要注意 “反译 ”。 14 It is a wise father that knows his own child. 再英明的父亲也不会理解他自己的子女。（莎士比亚名言） 15 It is a wise man that never makes mistakes. 再聪明的人也会犯错误。六、在强调句型中考察主谓一致与比较结构。 在强调句型中，有时也考察用
8、 rather than， not but 等连接的平行对比结构，此时既要注重比较结构，又要注意主谓一致，属于较复杂的句式。 句式特征为： It is/was notbutthat ; 不是 而是 （ that后的动词与 but后的名词或代词保持一致） It is /was not that ; 或者： It is/was that not ; 是 而不是 （ that后的动词应与 not前的名词或代词保持一致） It is/was rather than that ; 是 而不是 ( that 后的动词应与 rather than前的名词或代词保持一致 ) 16 It is not help
9、 but obstacles that make a man. 简析 ：本句译为 “使人成才的，不是助力，而是阻力 ”。注意obstacles和 make形成主谓一致关系。 17 Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, _ to blame. A. is B. that is C. are D. who are 简析 ：此句被强调部分中的 the sales manager，通过 rather than与 the sales girls形成比较结构，再考虑到主谓一致的原则，应选 B。 18
10、 (NMET 2000, 24) It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. it 简析 ：本题答案选 B。在本题中被强调部分 the ability to do the job 与 not where you come from or what you are形成比较结构， the ability to do the job与 matters形成主谓一致关系。当然本题还可说成： It is the ability to
11、do the job not where you come from or what you are that matters. 但这样就显得句子重心不稳，结构不合理。 19 It is the prevention of disease rather than its successful treatment that has led to the rapid increase of the worlds population. 简析 ：本句中被强调部分为对比结构，含义为 “导致世界人口快速增长的原因是对疾病的预防而非对疾病的成功治疗。 ”当然 has led to的主语应是 the pre
12、vention of disease。七、强调句型中的 be动词和情态动词的结合。 句式特征 : It may be+ 被强调部分 + that It must have been+被强调部分 + that Would/ Could it be +被强调部分 +that? 20 It might have been John _bought a new book for Mary yesterday. A. what B. since C. that D. then 该题答案为 C，许多考生误选其他的原因在于 be的复杂化而看不出本句为强调句型。再如： 21 It may be next we
13、ek that she leaves for Tokyo.八、强调句型和名词性从句的结合。 句式特征为 : 整个强调句型用作名词性从句 ; 或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。 22 Ive already forgotten _you put the dictionary. A. that it was there B. where was it that C. that where it was D. where it was that 简析 ：本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现，为了更好地理解，我们分三步对其进行讨论。 第一步，复原 It was on the desk that I put the dictionary. 第二步，对划线部分提问 Where was it that you put the dictionary? 第三步，变为陈述语序，将其用作 forgotten的宾语从句则变为： Ive already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary. 与原题对比，答案应为 D。
