1、 伤害流行病学和预防控制俞 敏浙江省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病防制所伤害的定义伤害是指造成身体的损伤，影响了正常工作，需要医治或看护。伤害必须到医疗部门诊断或活动受限1天。-1986年美国国家统计中心1996年王声涌教授提出的统计标准：到医疗单位就诊，诊断为某种损伤；由家人、老师、同事或同伴对受伤者作紧急处置或看护；因伤请假（休工、休学、休息）半日以上。美国CDC定义：“由于运动、热量、化学、电或放射线的能量交换，在 体 受的上，所造成的 损伤或由于 息 的为伤害 。 WHO 定义Injury is a bodily lesion at the organic level resulti
2、ng from acute exposure to energy (this energy can be mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, or radiant) interacting with the body in amounts or rates that exceed the threshold of physiological tolerance. In some cases an Injury results from an insufficiency of any of the vital elements (in drown
3、ing, strangulation, or freezing). The time between exposure and the appearance of the injury needs to be short (a few minutes).Baker, S.P., B. ONeill, R.S. Karpf, The Injury Fact Book. Lexington Books, D.C. Health and Company/Lexington, Massachusetts/Toronto, 1984Unintentional or intentional damage
4、to the body resulting from acute exposure to thermal, mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy or from the absence of such essentials as heat or oxygen. “Injury“ or “Trauma“ are used interchangeably. What defines injury may vary but in vital statistics this is reflected in either death from trauma
5、, the need to seek medical attention, or the inability to perform usual activities for a day or longer.Sleet, D.A., Albany, P., Lee, N. et.al. Injury in Western Australia. Health Department of Western Australia, 1991Injury DefinitionDamage to the body caused by (acute) exchanges with environmental e
6、nergy that are beyond the bodys resilience (Haddon, 1986).The energy may be mechanical, thermal, electrical, ionising radiation or chemical (poisoning, asphyxiation). Definition: Any specific and identifiable bodily impairment or damage resulting from exposure to:Thermal energyMechanical/kinetic ene
7、rgyElectrical energyChemical energyAbsence of essential elements heat & oxygenInjury-ACICR伤害的 （Etiology mechanism and external cause）性 ：、 能、化学能、电能以 能量 ；因 ：交 伤害 ， ICD 伤害的 （Intent of Injury）伤害伤害 非 伤害伤 人伤害伤害的 （Nature of injury ):、currency1、部受伤、“部受伤 伤害的 （Place of occurrence）:，家中，学，运动fi 伤害的严重程度fl 伤害急诊 门诊治疗或处 ”治疗Severity: Injury Pyramid1Death18Hospitalizations292TREATMENT IN EMERGENCY ROOM OR PHYSICIANS OFFICETreatment at home or never treated*Alberta data, ACICR
