1、病理學 (含口腔病理學 )陳玉昆副教授 : 高雄醫學大學 口腔病理科07-31211012755yukkwakmu.edu.twGenetics (2)基因學 (2)Understanding:1. Chromosomes2. Mitosis3. Meiosis4. DNA, RNA, protein (transcription, translation)學 習 目 標1. Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist. Olga AC Ibsen, Joan Anderson Phelan, 4th edition, 2004, p. 216-45 2.
2、陳嘉芬 現代遺傳學 Chapter 2-6, p. 25-923. http:/ccms.nut.edu.tw/juang/JRH/Amino.htm4. www-rohan.sdsu.edu/sepa/genetics.htm5. http:/ehrweb.aaas.org/ehr/books/2_dominant.html6. http:/library.thinkquest.org/06aug/00440/superbibliography.html7. Tarjan I, et al. Early prosthetic treatment of patients with ectode
3、rmal dysplasia: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2005;93:419-248. www.genetic-programming.org 9. What you need to know about cancer. Sci Am 1996;289:28-11910. Gibbs WW. Untangling the roots of cancer. Sci Am 2003;289:56-6511. Bowden JR, et al. DNA microarray technology: insights for oral and maxil
4、lofacial surgeons. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;42:542-512. Kuo WP, et al. Microarrays and clinical dentistry. JADA;2003;134-456-6213. Ralf D. The first discovery of DNA. Sci Am 2003;96:320-814. www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookglossL.html15. juang.bst.ntu.edu.tw/BCbasics/Amin
5、o1.htm16. 18. http:/ for genetics (1) and (2):參考資料GeneticsChromosomesRefs. 1, 4 All living cells contain information which tells them how to develop. This information is contained in chromosomes, inside the cell nucleus, encoded in genes.GeneticsChromosomesWhat is a chromosome? Chromosomes: Tightl
6、y coiled microscopic structures made up mainly of DNA, which consists of four different building blocks called bases (A, T, C, G). The four bases are repeated millions of times to form each chromosomeRefs. 1, 4 A chromosome is, minimally, a very long, continuous piece of DNA, which contains many gen
7、es, regulatory elements and other intervening nucleotide sequences. In the chromosomes of eukaryotes, the uncondensed DNA exists in a quasi-ordered structure inside the nucleus, where it wraps around histones (structural proteins), and where this composite material is called chromatinGeneticsChromos
8、omesHuman chromosomes range in length from 50 million to 263 million bases. With few exceptions (e.g., red blood cells), each of the trillions of cells in the human body contains a complete set of chromosomes-the genome. If all the bases in the human genome were spread out 1 millimeter apart, they w
9、ould extend from Memphis (孟斐斯 - 美國田納西州 ) to Los Angeles (洛杉磯 - 美國加州 ) Refs. 1, 4 http:/ 1, 17During mitosis (nuclear division), the chromosomes are condensed and called metaphasic chromosomes. This is the only natural context in which DNA is visible with an optical microscope GeneticsChromosomesRefs
10、. 1, 17Prokaryotes do not possess histones or nuclei. In its relaxed state, the DNA can be accessed for transcription, regulation, and replicationChromosomes were first observed by Karl Wilhelm von Ngeli in 1842 and their behavior later described in detail by Walther Flemming in 1882. In 1910, Thoma
11、s Hunt Morgan proved chromosomes to be the carriers of genes GeneticsChromosomesDifferent stages of DNA condensation(1) Single DNA strand (2) Chromatin strand (DNA with histones) (3) Condensed chromatin during interphase with centromere (4) Condensed chromatin during prophase (5) Chromosome during metaphase Refs. 1, 17GeneticsChromosomesRefs. 1, 17, 181. Chromatid. One of the two identical parts of the chromosome 2. Centromere. The point where the two chromatids touch, and where the microtubules attach 3. Short arm 4. Long arm
