1、 1 高考英语阅读专题练习 七选五 北京卷 2010 Muzak The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? 71 Its similar to the music you listen to, but its not exactly the same. Thats because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Someti
2、mes you dont even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. Quiet background music used to be called “elevator (电梯 ) music“ because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name “Muzak“. About one-third of the people in Am
3、erica listen to “Muzak“ everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. 72 If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably re
4、cognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters dont want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? 73 Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a ho
5、tel. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 74 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. 75 . They say its boring to hear the same songs all the time. But oth
6、er people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak! A. Some people dont like Muzak. B. The music gives them extra energy. C. Music is playing in t
7、he background. D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more. E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better. F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used. G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world. 2 北京卷 2011 Public speaking and critical thinking What i
8、s critical thinking? To a certain degree, its a matter of logic(逻辑 )of being able to spot weaknesses in other peoples argument and to avoid them in your own, it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence. In the broad sense, critical
9、 thinking is focused, organized thinkingthe ability to see clearly their relationships among ideas. 71 The greatest thinkers, scientists and inventors have often taken their information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas that, too, is critical thinking. 7
10、2 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical(机械的 ) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinkin
11、g is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not a matter of arranging the ideas you already have. 73 What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 74 As you work on ex
12、pressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. 75 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class. You will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations. If you take full advantage of your speech cla
13、ss, you will be able to develop your skills as critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece. A. Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves. B. This may seem like a lot o
14、f time, but the rewards are well worth it. C. It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. D. It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas. E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the an
15、swer is quite a lot. F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways. G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking ,you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well. 3 北京卷 2012 Empathy Last y
16、ear, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. _71_ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs. Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a
17、 teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and youre showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. _72_ There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. _73_ Res
18、earchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear. Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most impo
19、rtant things they look for in new managers. _74_ “Academics are important. But if you dont have emotional (情感的 ) intelligence, you wont be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says. Whats the best way to up your EQ (情商） ? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. _75
20、_ To really develop empathy, youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter. A.Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to
21、person. B.That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said. C.“One doesnt develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says. D.Humans learn by exampleand most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic. E.Emp
22、athy is a matter of learning how to understand someone elseboth what they think and how they feel. F.Good social skillsincluding empathyare a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life. G.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being huma
23、nand having empathy is decisive to those relationships. 4 北京卷 2013 Urbanization Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. 71_ . In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or i
24、n tiny rural (乡村的 ) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. Britain was only the beginning. 72_ .The process of urbanization the migration (迁移 ) of
25、people from the countryside to the city was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live. In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 73 . Large cities were impo
26、ssible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies. It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. _74 . Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英 ) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served
27、 them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city. Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the countr
28、y. 75_ . Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers. A. That kept cities very small. B. The rest live in small towns. C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered. D. Soon many other ind
29、ustrial nations become urban societies. E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities. F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive. G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings. 2014 北京卷 Evaluating Sources (来源 ) o
30、f health Information 5 Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to finds relevant information, how
31、to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71 Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was
32、 based on good science. Think about the type of study. 72 Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 73 Carefully read or listen to information in o
33、rder to fully understand it. Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 74 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术 ). 75 Friends and family members can be a great so
34、urce of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us. Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life. A. Make choice that are right for you. B. The goal of an ad is to sel
35、l you something. C. Be sure to work through the critical questions. D. And examine the findings of the original research. E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice. F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view. G. The following sug
36、gestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources. 2014 新课标 II 全国卷 Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule 6 From my experience , there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often :ability , money , and time 36 .Money is a topic Ill save for another da
37、y .So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spent in the kitchen .Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule : 1. Think ahead .The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat .So think ahea
38、d of the coming week .When will you have time to cook ?Do you have the right materials already ? 37 . 2. Make your time worth it .When you do find time to cook a meal , make the most of it and save yourself time later on .Are you making one loaf of bread ? 38 .It takes around the same amount of time
39、 to make more of something .So save yourself the effort for future meal . 3. 39 This may surprise you , but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation .It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The m
40、ore you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. Hopefully that gives you a good start. 40_ And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live! A. Try new things. B. Ability is easily imp
41、roved. C. Make three or four instead. D. Understand your food better. E. Cooking is a burden for many people. F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on. 2014 全国卷 新课标 I The jobs of the future have not been invented,
42、 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. 7 1. Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料 ) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time” and then try them out. Did those ingredients mak
43、e the pancakes better? What could we try next time? 2. Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping
44、them develop their Creativity. 3. Interpersonal Skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what is going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you thi
45、nk she is crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?” 4. Self Expression 40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted
46、by one more than another. A. Encourage kids to cook with you. B. And we cant forget science education. C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist? E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develo
47、p this skill. F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. 2013 新课标 I Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The business also refers
48、to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most business seek to make a profit(利润 )-that aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 8 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. Business managem
49、ent is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 73 One is the establishment (制定 )of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管 )and guidance b
