1、1. GENERAL 概述1.1 Scope 范围a.This Standard Specification covers the design of American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 618, reciprocating compressors in hydrogen and hydrocarbon services.本标准规范涉及美国石油学会（API）标准 618，氢气和碳氢化合物系列往复式压缩机设计b.Exceptions or variations shown in the UOP Project Specifications ta
2、ke precedence over requirements shown herein. “UOP公司工程规范”中给出的例外情况或变更优先于本标准中的要求。1.2 References 参考文献Unless noted below, use the edition and addenda of each referenced document current on the date of this Standard Specification. When a referenced document incorporates another document, use the edition
3、of that document required by the referenced document.如果以下没有另外说明，使用本“标准规范”发行日期内有效的各参考文件版本和附录。如果参考文件引用另一文件，则使用参考文件要求的引用文件版本。 a.American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 618, “Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services” b.American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASM
4、E) B16.5, “Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, NPS Through NPS 24” c.ASME B16.47, “Large Diameter Steel Flanges, NPS 26 Through NPS 60” d.ASME B46.1, “Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay)” e.European Forum for Reciprocating Compressors (EFRC), “Guidelines for Vibrations in Reciproca
5、ting Compressor Systems”, www.recip.org f.National, state, and local governmental regulations and laws. a.API618标准 石油化工和天然气工业用往复式压缩机b.美国机械工程师学会(ASME) B16.5，“管法兰和法兰管件，NPS1/2 至NPS24公制/英制标准”。 c.ASME B16.47大直径管钢制法兰(NPS 26NPS 60)d.ASME B46.1,表面特征(表面粗糙度、波纹度和花纹方向).e.欧洲的往复式压缩机论坛(EFRC)，“往复式压缩机系统振动指南”，www.rec
6、ip.org f. 国家、州和地方政府法律和规定。 2.DESIGN 设计This standard is intended to be used as an addendum to API Standard 618. Numbering in this document coincides with actual paragraph numbers from API Standard 618 5th edition. 本标准用作 API标准 618的补充。本章节中所采用的编号与 API618 5th 版的实际段落编号相同。Reciprocating compressors shall com
7、ply with the requirements of API Standard 618, except where modified by either the UOP Project Specification(s) or UOP Standard Specification(s). 压缩机应遵守 API618的要求，“UOP 公司工程规范”或“UOP 标准规范”中加以修改的部分除外。5. Requirements 要求Paragraph 5.2, Addition/Clarification 增加/澄清Vendors offering shall be a size and desig
8、n which has a successful record of proven field service at operating conditions similar to those specified (prototypes are not acceptable). An installation list shall be submitted upon request.供货商报价中的规格和设计应具有在规定操作条件下现场成功应用的验证记录（不接受样机）。如果有要求，应提交业绩表。6. Basic Design 基础设计6.1 General 概要Paragraph 6.1.24,
9、Clarification澄清 The compressor shall be capable of continuous operation at all partial load steps. (0% load step is for short term startup only). 压缩机应能在部分加载过程中连续操作（0% 加载仅供短期启动）Compressor vendor shall provide PLC, and PLC shall include control logic to ensure unloading of both partially and fully unl
10、oaded cylinders follows best practices established below: 压缩机供应商应提供 PLC，PLC 应该包括控制逻辑单元来确保气缸部分或完全卸载时采用如下最佳方案表情况 最佳方案部分卸载 周期性，短暂的载入气缸头空载来阻止润滑油积聚对机器造成的损害完全卸载 仅对多级气缸并联操作状况下，加载卸载定期切换来阻止热量或润滑油积聚对机器的损害Manufacturer to state frequency and duration of required loading to achieve above objectives in proposal.
11、未达到以上目标，制造商需提出加载频率和持续时间6.6 Rod and Gas Loads 活塞杆负荷和气体负荷Paragraph 6.6.1, Addition/Clarification 增加/澄清Frame selection shall be based on the more conservative of the following criteria: 框架选择应基于以下标准中较为保守的部分：-Combined rod loading shall not exceed 80% of the manufacturers Maximum Allowable Continuous Comb
12、ined Rod Loading (MACCRL) when calculated at specified line pressures of each stage. 当计算在每个阶段的管线压力时，活塞杆负荷不超过制造商最大允许负荷(MACCRL)的 80%。-Combined rod loading shall not exceed 95% of the manufacturers Maximum Allowable Continuous Combined Rod Loading (MACCRL) when calculated as defined in paragraph 6.6.1.
13、当按第 6.6.1条计算时，活塞杆负荷不应超过制造商最大允许活塞杆负荷(MACCRL)的 95%。6.8 Compressor Cylinders 压缩机气缸Paragraph 6.8.1, Addition 增加The maximum cylinder diameter is 36 inches (914 mm). Exceptions require written approval from UOP. 1最大气缸直径为 36英尺 (914 mm) 。免责条款需要 UOP批准。Paragraph 6.8.2.4, Addition/Clarification 增加 澄清When non-m
14、etallic wear bands and piston rings are used, the inside surface of liners shall be honed per paragraph 6.8.2.4. 当使用非金属支撑环和活塞环时，应按 6.8.2.4章进行内表面打磨。Paragraph 6.8.4.2, Addition/Clarification 增加 澄清Flange classes specified are in accordance with ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47. 法兰等级按照 ASME B16.5或 ASME B16.47的
15、规定。Flange classes listed in the UOP Project Specification are based upon design pressure and temperature conditions only and do not account for other loads. The final design of all flanges shall account for gasket seating, external loads imposed by piping, and all other imposed loads. Differential t
16、hermal expansion of dissimilar joints and transient thermal conditions such as start-up/shutdown and operational upset shall be accomodated. 在 UOP项目规范中列出的法兰等级只基于设计压力和温度条件，不考虑其他负载。所有法兰的最终设计应考虑到阀座、管道外荷载和所有其他荷载。应适应如启动/关闭和切换时不同接头的热膨胀和瞬态热状态。Flanges intended for use with spiral wound gaskets shall have a
17、flange surface finish of 125 microinch Ra minimum to 250 microinch Ra maximum. Flanges intended for use with other gaskets shall have a flange surface finish within the optimal range for the specified gasket. Finishes shall be judged by visual comparison with surface finish roughness standards confo
18、rming to ASME B46.1. 用螺旋缠绕垫圈的法兰盘表面粗糙度应介于 125微英寸到 250微英寸之间。使用其他垫片的法兰盘的表面加工应符合垫片规范最佳值。Flange finishes shall be protected from damage during fabrication, heat treatment, shipping, storage and installation. 法兰盘成品应使用符合 ASME B46.1标准的表面粗糙度标准进行目视比较。Ring Joint flanges shall have a flat bottom groove with the
19、 intersection between the bottom and sides of the groove machined to a smooth 0.125 inch (3mm) minimum radius. 槽式密封面法兰应该有一个平的底部沟槽，在凹槽的底部和侧面之间的光滑十字槽加工尺寸最小半径 0.125英寸(3mm)。6.9 Valves and Unloaders 气阀和卸荷器Paragraph 6.9.2.6, Clarification 澄清To prevent failure of the unloader to actuate due to corrosion: 为
20、防止因腐蚀造成的卸荷器失效- The unloader actuators shall be a weather proof design which prevents ingress of water and other contaminants.卸荷器应采用防水密封设计防止水和其他污染物进入- All critical sliding fit components in the unloader actuators shall be constructed of corrosion resistant materials, including: 所有卸荷器关键滑动部件应采用耐腐蚀材料oPi
21、stons/operators 制动器/操作机构oUnloader Cylinder bodies 卸荷器缸体oUnloader Shafts/spindles/push rods 卸荷器轴/主轴/推杆The actuators/operators shall be sized for 10 psi (0.7 kg/cm) less than the specified minimum site operating fluid pressure. Unloaders shall be shop tested for proper actuation 制动器操作机构结构尺寸应该适合 10 psi
22、 (0.7 kg/cm) 小于规定最小现场流体压力。卸荷器应进行适当的驱动工厂实验。Paragraph 6.9.2.7, Clarification 澄清Rain shields shall be provided with all machines, unless: 所有机器均应提供防雨罩，除非：- Installed indoors. 室内安装- The vendor unloader design complies with UOP clarification 6.9.2.6 供应商卸荷器完全采用 UOP澄清 6.9.2.6设计6.10 Pistons, Piston Rods, and
23、 Piston Rings 活塞 活塞杆 活塞环Paragraph 6.10.3, Addition 增加Cast aluminum and fabricated steel pistons shall not be used above 500 horsepower (375 kW) per cylinder. 铸铝和焊接钢活塞不应用于超过 500马力（375kw）每气缸Pistons, when integrated/integral with the piston rod (e.g. low ratio between piston rod diameter and cylinder d
24、iameter) shall be constructed of the same material as the piston rod and may be fabricated without limits above. 当整体或与活塞杆一体活塞（如活塞杆直径和气缸直径比低）应采用活塞杆相同材质，不受上述限制。Paragraph 6.10.3.1, Clarification/Addition 澄清增加Hollow single-piece pistons shall have a spring loaded relief plug in the outer-end face of the
25、 piston. 中空单体活塞应在活塞外端面安装一个弹簧安全阀Multi-piece pistons shall have a minimum 1/8” (3mm) diameter drilled vent hole 多体活塞应有一个最小直径 1/8” (3mm)孔6.12 Distance Pieces 接筒Paragraph 6.12.2.1, Clarification 澄清Distance pieces shall be provided with gasketed, solid metal covers. 接筒应提供带封圈固体金属盖板Paragraph 6.12.2.4, Addi
26、tion 增加Compartments shall be vented separately to non-hazardous areas.接筒腔室应与无害区域分隔排放Paragraph 6.12.2.7, Addition 增加Packing vent piping inside of the distance piece shall be designed for the maximum allowable working pressure of the cylinder. 取代接筒的内部填料放气管道设计时应考虑气缸最大工作压力6.14.2 Compressor Frame Lubrica
27、tion 压缩机机身润滑Paragraph 6.14.2.1.4, Addition 增加The reservoir shall be fitted with a lube oil temperature transmitter.油箱应设有温度传感器 Paragraph 6.14.2.2, Addition 增加When an auxiliary oil pump is not provided, a hand pump shall be provided for start-up lubrication. 如果没有辅机泵，为了开启润滑应提供手动泵Paragraph 6.14.2.3, Add
28、ition 增加For applications with rated powers below 250 horsepower (185 kW), oil coolers are not required provided the vendor can demonstrate through calculation and operating experience that the frame has adequate radiative area to dissipate the heat. 当额定功率低于 250马力（185 kW)时，供应商无需提供油冷却器若能通过计算和操作经验证明框架有
29、足够的辐射面积来散热。Paragraph 6.14.2.5, Clarification 澄清Heating for reservoirs shall be provided when the minimum ambient temperature is less than the vendors required minimum start-up temperature. Thermostatically controlled immersion heaters conforming to API 618 shall be used. 当最低环境温度低于供应商所需的最低启动温度时需要安装油箱
30、加热器。恒温控制加热器应符合 API618标准7. Accessories 辅助设备7.2 Couplings and Guards 联轴器和防护罩Paragraph 7.2.1, Addition/Clarification 增加澄清Couplings shall allow continuous operation with twice the estimated cold-to hot thermal growth. 联轴器应满足在两倍预估热膨胀条件下持续工作7.6 Controls and Instrumentation 控制和仪表Paragraph 7.6.1.2, Clarific
31、ation 澄清Provide a separately mounted local instrument panel for each compressor. As a minimum the following shall be included: - Process gas inlet and discharge temperatures for each cylinder - Process gas inlet and discharge pressures for each stage -Frame lube oil pressure -Speed for variable spee
32、d drivers -Multi-position selector switch for cylinder loading (each service) 每台压缩机非别安装现场仪表，至少应包括如下：每台气缸进出口气体温度传感器各级压力传感器机身润滑油压力变频电机速度传感器气缸加载多位选择开关（每次服务）Paragraph 7.6.2.4, Addition 增加The system shall be capable of starting up and shutting down with each stage unloaded. 控制系统应具有分级卸载开启关闭能力In addition t
33、he vendor shall also do ONE of the following: 此外供应商应做一下一项工作-Provide interlocks to ensure that the compressor cannot start-up under load and to automatically unload the compressor or open the process spillback during shutdown.提供联锁装置来确保压缩机不能在欠载下启动和自动卸载压缩机或在关闭过程中打开回流-Design the train for start-up and s
34、hutdown with each stage pressurized to its full operating pressure. (Not allowed when a suction valve unloader based stepless capacity regulation system is included) 设计机组的开关满足各级增压到它的额定工作压力（不允许当进口阀卸荷器包含无级变速系统）-Recommend a torque limiting device to prevent damage to the equipment during start-up. 建议增加
35、扭矩限制器以防启动时损坏机器Paragraph 7.6.2.10, Clarification 澄清Variable volume clearance pockets are not permitted. 不允许采用可变容积余隙腔Paragraph 7.6.7, Clarification/ Addition澄清/增加 Solid state velocity transducers shall be used. Vendor proposal shall state how many are included.应采用固态速度传感器。供应商须提供包含多少个。Transducers shall
36、be mounted at main bearing locations which see full dynamic loads from the compressor (e.g. bearings supporting loads of compressor throws, not static motor/flywheel loads). Transducers shall be mounted on the side of the compressor frame, elevation at the centerline of the crankshaft. Orientation s
37、hall be in the direction of piston rod travel. 传感器应安装在主轴承位置来显示压缩机完全动态载荷（如，轴承支撑负载压缩机非静态电机或飞轮负载）传感器应安装在机身一侧，曲轴中心线高度。方向同活塞杆行程。When more than one transducer is provided, transducers shall be mounted on opposite corners of the frame. 当包含多个传感器时，传感应该被安装在机身相向位置。Reference UOP 7.9.1.1 for allowable vibration
38、limits. 振动极限参照 UOP 7.9.1.1When specified, the vendor shall also provide an accelerometer mounted in the vertical orientation on each crosshead guide for alarm only. The crosshead accelerometer needs to be part of a smart vibration monitoring package utilizing a once per revolution crank position keyphasor.
