无无 菌菌 术术Introduction Early civilizations practiced salting,smoking,pickling,drying,and exposure of food and clothing to sunlight to control microbial growth.Use of spices in cooking was to mask taste of spoiled food.Some spices prevented spoilage.In mid 1800s Semmelweiss and Lister helped developed aseptic techniques to prevent contamination of surgical wounds.1867年 Lister 石炭酸溶液预防伤口感染无菌术的范畴灭菌灭菌lSterilization:Killing or removing all forms of microbial life(including endospores)in a material or an
