1、 Chapter ThreeThe Analysis of Market StructurePart IFirm Supply厂商供给Firm Supplyn Now we study how much a firm decides to supply?n Note the differences between a consumer and a firm:n A consumer is passive, taking prices as given;n A firm has much more choices entry, exit, price-setting (in some cases
2、) Firm Supplyn How does a firm decide how much product to supply? This depends upon the firmsn technology(技术 )n market environment(市场结构 )n goals(经营目标 )n competitors behaviors(竞争者的行为 )Market Environmentsn Are there many other firms, or just a few?n Do other firms decisions affect our firms payoffs(支付
3、或回报 )?n Is trading anonymous(匿名的 ) in a market? Or are trades arranged with separate buyers by middlemen?Market Environmentsn Monopoly (垄断 ): Just one seller that determines the quantity supplied and the market-clearing price.n Oligopoly (寡头垄断 ): A few firms, the decisions of each influencing the pa
4、yoffs of the others.Market Environmentsn Dominant Firm: Many firms, but one much larger than the rest. The large firms decisions affect the payoffs of each small firm. Decisions by any one small firm do not noticeably affect the payoffs of any other firm. Market Environmentsn Monopolistic Competitio
5、n (垄断竞争 ): Many firms each making a slightly different product. Each firms output level is small relative to the total.n Pure Competition(纯粹竞争 ): Many firms, all making the same product. Each firms output level is small relative to the total，每家厂商都认为市场价格与自身产量大小无关 .Market Environmentsn Later chapters
6、examine Monopoly, Oligopoly, and the Monopolistic Competition .n This part explores only pure competition.Pure Competitionn A firm in a perfectly competitive market knows it has no influence over the market price for its product. The firm is a market price-taker.n The firm is free to vary its own price.
