1、倪语星抗菌药物应用与管理相关问题1MDR细菌已成为全球关注的焦点 在全球范围内, “ESKAPE”耐药已成为导致患者发病及死亡的重要原因 1 “ESKAPE”耐药现象日益严重,但当前新型抗菌药物的研发逐渐减缓,未来可能面临无药可用的局面 3新药数量1983-1987 1988-1992 1993-1997 1998-2002 2003-20071. Rice LB et al. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008; 197:1079812. http:/www.who.int/world-health-day/zh/3. Boucher HW et
2、al. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2009; 48:11222011世界卫生日主题3抗菌药物应用与管理的相关问题 经验用药:正确了解各感染部位可能的病原菌及耐药性 药物品种与抗菌药物的使用强度: DDD 单用与联合用药413967株 5380株 431株1733株 1623株呼吸道 尿 液 粪 便伤口分泌物 血液 克雷伯菌属15.3%大 肠 埃希菌47.1%金葡菌22.7%凝 (-)葡萄球菌50.2%志 贺 菌属80.7%金葡菌14.7%肠 球菌21.0%大 肠 埃希菌16.7%大 肠 埃希菌11.5%不 动 杆菌12.8%克雷伯菌8.2%铜绿 假 单孢 菌9.
3、5%金葡菌7.7%铜绿 假 单 胞菌11.4%凝 (-)葡萄球菌5.8%克雷伯菌8.9%克雷伯菌5.7%汪复 , 等 . 中国感染与化 疗杂 志 . 2010;10(5):325-334. 各类标本中的主要病原菌?5Bloodstream Infections Bacteremia and sepsisTransient, intermittent, and continuousBreakthrough High morbidity and mortalityImmunocompromised hosts (40-50%)Patients in ICUs Early initiation of
4、 appropriate antimicrobial therapyBetter outcome 6Bloodstream Infections Appropriate initial therapyDetection early in the first 24-48 hoursAssociated with better outcome Gram stain of positive blood culturesPositive within 6-24 hours Guidance of empirical therapyLocal distribution of etiologiesSpecific patient populationsLocal resistance patterns7Make empirical therapy more effectivePatient ?Etiology ?Resistance ?8Martin et al. NEJM 2003;348:1546-54.Epidemiology of Sepsis in the US1979-2000Gram-negative bacteriaGram-positive bacteriaFungus9Positive Blood CulturesNTUH, 2005GPCGNB10