1、The brain stem,The brain stem 脑干,Consists of Midbrain 中脑 Pons 脑桥 Medulla oblongata延髓,（一）脑干的外形 1、延髓的外形 2、脑桥的外形 3、中脑的外形 4、第四脑室,中脑,脑桥,延髓,第四脑室,Medulla oblongata延髓,Ventral surfacePyramid锥体: contain pyramidal tract (corticospinal tract)Decussation of pyramid锥体交叉: formed by crossing fibers of corticospinal
2、 tractOlive橄榄: produced by underlying inferior olivary nucleusAnterolateral sulcus前外侧沟: rootlets of hypoglossal nerve emerge from itRetroolivary sulcus橄榄后沟: rootlets of glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves emerge from it,Medulla oblongata 延髓,Dorsal surfaceLower portionGracile tubercle薄束结节: p
3、roduced by underlying gracile nucleusCuneate tubercle楔束结节: marks the site of cuneate nucleusInferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚Obex 闩Upper portion: forms the lower half of rhomboid fossa,Pons 脑桥,Ventral surfaceBasilar part 基底部Basilar sulcus 基底沟Bulbopontine sulcus 延髓脑桥沟: from medial to lateral, the abd
4、ucent, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves appearMiddle cerebellar peduncle 小脑中脚Trigeminal nerve 三叉神经Pontocerebellar trigone 脑桥小脑三角: the junction of medulla, pons and cerebellum,Pons 脑桥,Dorsal surfaceSuperior cerebellar peduncle 小脑上脚Superior medullary velum 前髓帆Trochlear nerve 滑车神经,Midbrain 中脑,Ventra
5、l surfaceCrus cerebri 大脑脚底Interpeduncular fossa 脚间窝 oculomotor nerves emerge from medial of crus cerebriPosterior perforated substance 后穿质,Midbrain中脑,Dorsal surfaceSuperior colliculus 上丘constitute centers for visual reflexesInferior colliculus 下丘associated with auditory pathwayBrachium of superior c
6、olliculi 上丘臂Brachium of inferior colliculi 下丘臂,脑干腹侧面,视交叉,视束,桥小脑角,舌下神经,副神经,迷走神经,舌咽神经,前庭蜗神经,面神经,展神经,三叉神经,动眼神经,滑车神经,大脑脚,基底沟,小脑中脚,锥体,橄榄,锥体交叉,脑干背侧面,小脑中脚,小脑下脚,小脑上脚,滑车神经,薄束结节,楔束结节,蓝斑,下丘,上丘,面神经丘,前庭区,舌下神经三角,迷走神经三角,Fourth ventricle 第四脑室,Position Situated ventral to cerebellum, and dorsal to pons and cranial h
7、alf of medulla,Central canal fourth ventricle mesencephalic aqueductthird ventricle,BoundariesInferolateral: gracile and cuneate tubercles, inferior cerebellar peduncleSuperolateral: superior cerebellar peduncleLateral recess,Features Median sulcus 正中沟Sulcus limitans 界沟Vestibular area前庭区 overlies ve
8、stibular nucleiAcoustic tubercle听结节overlying dorsal cochlear nucleusMedial eminence 内侧隆起 Striae medullares 髓纹,Facial colliculus面神经丘: overlies nucleus of abducent n. and genu of facial nerveHypoglossal triangle 舌下神经三角: verlying hypoglossal nucleus Vagal triangle迷走神经三角: overlies dorsal nucleus of vagu
9、s nerveFuniculus separans分隔索Area postrema 最后区Locus ceruleus 蓝斑,Roof Anterior part: formed by superior cerebellar peduncle and superior medullary velumPosterior part: formed by inferior medullary velum and choroid plexus of fourth ventricleThree aperturesMedian aperture of fourth ventricle 第四脑室正中孔Two
10、 lateral apertures of fourth ventricle 第四脑室外侧孔,示第四脑室,上髓帆,第四脑室脉络丛,第四脑室外侧孔,第四脑室正中孔,（二）脑干的内部结构,1、脑干内脑神经核的排列 （1）躯体运动柱（8对） （2）内脏运动柱（4对） （3）内脏感觉柱（1对） （4）躯体感觉柱（5对）,Internal structures,Gray matterCranial nerve nucleiRelay nuclei,示脑神经核6个机能柱,躯体感觉,内脏感觉,内脏运动,躯体运动,General somatic motor nuclei 一般躯体运动核,Nucleus of
11、oculomotor n.动眼神经核Nucleus of trochlear n. 滑车神经核Nucleus of abducent n. 展神经核Nucleus of hypoglossal n.舌下神经核,Special visceral motor nuclei 特殊内脏运动核,Motor nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经运动核Nucleus of facial n. 面神经核Nucleus ambiguus 疑核Accessory nucleus 副神经核,General visceral motor nuclei 一般内脏运动核,Accessory ocul
12、omotor nucleus 动眼神经副核Superior salivatory nucleus 上泌涎核Inferior salivertory nucleus 下泌涎核Dorsal nucleus of vagus n. 迷走神经背核,Visceral sensory nuclei ( general and special ),Nucleus of solitary tract 孤束核,General somatic sensory nuclei,Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经中脑核Pontine nucleus of trigem
13、inal n. 三叉神经脑桥核Spinal nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经脊束核,Special somatic sensory nuclei,Cochlear nuclei 蜗神经核Vestibular nuclei 前庭神经核,2、传导中继核延髓：薄束核 楔束核 下橄榄核脑桥：脑桥核 蓝斑核中脑：红核 黑质3、网状结构的核团,Gracile nucleus 薄束核Cuneate nucleus 楔束核Inferior olivary nucleus 下橄榄核Superior olivery nucleus 上橄榄核Pontine nucleus 脑桥核Nucle
14、us of inferior colliculus下丘核Gray matter layers of superior colliculus 上丘灰质层Red nucleus 红核Substantia nigra 黑质Pretectal area 顶盖前区,Relay nuclei 传导中继核,2、脑干内的纤维束,（1）锥体束 皮质脊髓束 皮质核束（2）内侧丘系（3）脊髓丘系（脊髓丘脑束)（4）三叉丘系,内侧丘系交叉,内侧丘系,背侧丘脑,薄束核,楔束核,内侧丘系,脊髓丘系,背侧丘脑,脊髓后角灰质,脊髓丘系,三叉神经脊束核,三叉神经脑桥核,三叉丘系,背侧丘脑,三叉丘系,Lateral lemnis
15、cus外侧丘系,中央前回中、上部中央旁小叶前部,皮质脊髓束,皮质脊髓侧束,皮质脊髓前束,锥体交叉,中央前回下部,皮质核束,面神经核下部,舌下神经核,锥体束,The characters of internal structure of brain stem,平锥体交叉,平内侧丘系交叉,平橄榄中部,平脑桥下部,平脑桥中部,平脑桥上部,平中脑下丘,平中脑上丘,Medulla oblongata,Lower part (closed part)Two decussations Decussations of medial lemniscus Decussations of pyramid,平锥体交叉
16、,平内侧丘系交叉,平橄榄中部,平脑桥下部,平脑桥中部,平脑桥上部,平中脑下丘,平中脑上丘,Medulla oblongata,Upper part (open part) Appearance of inferior olivary nuculeus and inferior cerebellar peduncle Enlargement of central canal to form the fourth ventricle floor,平锥体交叉,平内侧丘系交叉,平橄榄中部,平脑桥下部,平脑桥中部,平脑桥上部,平中脑下丘,平中脑上丘,平锥体交叉,平内侧丘系交叉,平橄榄中部,平脑桥下部,平
17、脑桥中部,平脑桥上部,平中脑下丘,平中脑上丘,Pons,平锥体交叉,平内侧丘系交叉,平橄榄中部,平脑桥下部,平脑桥中部,平脑桥上部,平中脑下丘,平中脑上丘,平锥体交叉,平内侧丘系交叉,平橄榄中部,平脑桥下部,平脑桥中部,平脑桥上部,平中脑下丘,平中脑上丘,Midbrain,Rectum of midbrain中脑顶盖: includes superior and inferior colliculiCerebral peduncle 大脑脚Tegmentum 被盖: contain ascending tracts, central gray matter, recticular format
18、ion and so onSubstentia nigra 黑质Crus cerebri 大脑脚底: Pyramidal tract锥体束 middle three-fifths of the crus:Frontopontine tract额桥束 medial one-fifth: pariatotempopontine tract 顶颞桥束lateral one-fifth,平锥体交叉,平内侧丘系交叉,平橄榄中部,平脑桥下部,平脑桥中部,平脑桥上部,平中脑下丘,平中脑上丘,Reticular formation of brain stem,Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) 上行网状激动系统Motor central and vital centresReticulospinal tractCardiovascular center and respiratory centerSerotonergic rapheal nuclei,
