1、美国 MEDHELP 为美国权威论坛，里面集中了所有美国在艾滋病预防，治疗，检测，等一线的医生专家，本着敬业，讲科学，讲事实，论道理热心解答美国包括其他国家的艾滋病恐惧症患者的各种问题，从这些问题中我们也可以看出，不仅仅国内的人会这么恐惧艾滋病，全世界有无数的恐友在跟你们一起恐惧，所以希望你们并不要感到孤独，事情发生了，就要去面对和解决。Persons who have HIV and are able to transmit it to others typically have positive tests or their tests become positive within a w
2、eek or two following the encounter. 有 HIV 的人并且能够传播它的，典型为有阳性结果的或者在接触后 1-2 周变阳的人。I do believe there is no appreciable risk of HIV from oral sex. Despite the fact that some overly conservative experts say that HIV could be transmitted by giving or receiving oral sex, as you point out, there are no case
3、s is which that has been proven to be the case. My advice would be to not worry. We do not recommend HIV testing following oral sex because we consider it a no risk act. 我相信 KJ 对于 HIV 无风险。尽管事实是一些过度保守的专家说 HIV 可以通过给予和接受 KJ 传播，你也指出了，并没有因 KJ 感染的例子。我的建议是不要担心。我们不推荐 KJ 后进行 HIV 测试因为我们认为它无风险行为。Please educate
4、 yourself about STD/HIV transmission, which requires a bare penis (no condom) inside another persons vagina, rectum or, rarely, mouth.请教育你自己关于性病和 HIV 的传播，需要无安全套的 JJ 插入另一个人的 YINDAO，直肠或者，很少的通过嘴巴。It is probable that in the entire world, nobody in the past 10-15 years (maybe longer) has been infected wi
5、th HIV through a medical procedure in a doctors office.很可能的就是在全世界，没有人在过去的 10-15 年内（可能更长）通过在医生办公室的医疗程序感染 HIV。The risk of transmission from any single vaginal sex event, female to male if the woman has HIV, has been estimated to average 1 in 2,000. 单一 YINDAO 交的风险，女方有 HIV，女传男的几率被估计为平均 2000 分之 1。（WTXJ）
6、Acute HIV infection, when it causes symptoms at all, typically causes fever (usually quite high), sore throat (usually severe), and a body-wide skin rash, all starting 10-15 days after exposure and lasting 2-4 weeks. 急性 HIV 感染期，当它引起症状，典型的为发烧（通常很高），咽喉痛（通常很严重） ，和全身的皮疹，在接触后 10-15 天开始持续 2-4 周。but the co
7、nsensus is that 80-90% of people with new HIV infections have symptoms. 但是一致认为的是 80-90%的新 HIV 感染者有症状。 Most pertinent to your concerns, lymph node inflammation and enlargement (lymphadenopathy) are rarely if ever the only symptom. When lymphadenopathy occurrs, it usually is accompanied by fever (over
8、 101 degrees), sore throat (often severe), and a non-itchy skin rash, mostly on the trunk; 70% of symptomatic persons have all 3, with or without lymphadenopathy.你考虑的大多数人，淋巴节的发炎和肿大是很少的作为唯一症状。当淋巴结病发生，通常伴随着发生（超过 101 华氏度） ，咽喉痛（经常严重） ，不痒的全身皮疹，大多数在躯干上；70%有症状的人这 3 中都有，淋巴病有或者没有。HIV is transmitted by unprot
9、ected vaginal or anal sex; maybe very rarely by oral sex; or by overt bloodstream exposure to infected blood or secretions, of the sort that occurs by blood transfusion or sharing drug injection equipment. The virus does not survive in the environment. If HIV could be transmitted by the kind of supe
10、rficial skin pricks and injuries you describe here or in your other questions, it would be many times more common than it is and would not be classified as a sexually transmitted or blood-borne infection. HIV 通过无保护的 YINDAO 交或者肛门交传播；可能非常少数的通过 KJ；或者通过明显的血流暴露给别的血或者分泌物感染，这种情况发生在输血或者共用 du ping 注射装备。病毒在一般
11、环境下不能生存。如果 HIV 可能通过你在这描述的或者在其他问题中说的表皮皮肤的刺破破损传播的话，HIV 会更普遍，就不会分类为性传播或血液感染。the risk of getting HIV in the unlikely circumstance that your partner had HIV is low was well- HIV is transmitted, on average, only once in every 1000-2000 acts of sexual intercourse.获得 HIV 的风险在你的同伴有 HIV 的情况下也低-HIV 传播平均 1000-2
12、000 次 XJ 有一次。(WTXJ）At two weeks a standard HIV antibody test will detect over 50% of recently acquired infection and a combined HIV p24 antigen/HIV antibody (“DUO“) test will detect more, closer to 80%. At 4 weeks the DUO test results are definitive and standard antibody tests detect over 90% of inf
13、ection. At 8 weeks standard antibody test results will be definitive.在两周的标准 HIV 抗体测试会发现超过 50%的最近获得感染的人，联合检查 P24 抗原和HIV 抗体的测试（双重测试）会发现更多，80%。在四周的双重测试结果是决定性的，标准抗体测试超过 90%。8 周的标准抗体测试是绝对性的。The notion that immune deficiency delays test results is mostly theoretical, with very few if any proved cases in w
14、hich it actually happened免疫缺陷延迟测试结果这个概念更多的是理论上的，很少证明这个情况实际上会发生。If there is any effect at all, it is only with potent cancer chemotherapy and very powerful immunosuppressive drugs in high dose.如果有影响（指的是免疫缺陷推迟检测） ，它只是在有效地肝化疗和非常强大的抑制免疫力的药物 du ping 上。Is it possible to acquire HIV through vaginal secreti
15、ons onto open/fresh cuts/nicks from shaving?可能通过刚挂完胡子的开放新鲜的伤口裂痕获得 HIV 么？“Possible“ to acquire HIV that way? Perhaps. But if so, it would be exceedingly unlikley, as discussed above.“可能”获得 HIV？或许吧。但是如果这样会感染，是极度不可能的，我们上面提到过的。Precisely what proportion of DUO tests are positive among infected persons at
16、 3 weeks is not well known however since over 50% of persons with HIV have positive antibodies (1 part of the DUO test) at 2 weeks, even more at 3. As for the other part of the test, the p24 antigen test, this adds to the sensitivity. It is safe to say that your 3 week test would have detected well
17、over 80% of HIV infections, had you gotten HIV.在 3 周的双重测试的精准性大家不是很清楚，超过 50%的人有阳性抗体在 2 周，甚至 3 周。对于 P24 抗原测试，更加加强了敏感度。你 3 周的测试很安全，可以查出超过 80%的 HIV感染。HIV is NOT spread through oral sex and it is uncommon for other STDs to be spread in this way too.HIV 不会通过 KJ 传播并且其他得性病也一般不会用这种方式传播。Your risk of infection
18、 to start with, before any testing was tiny and at 3 weeks the HIV antibody tests would be expected to detect the majority (probably over 75%) of recently acquired infection.你的风险在一开始，检测之前就很微小，在 3 周 HIV 抗体测试会发现大部分（超过 75%）最近感染的。First, saliva is not infectious for HIV, or only minimally so; saliva kill
19、s HIV (one reason oral sex and kissing carry little or no risk of transmission). Second, eye exposure to HIV-infected blood or secretions is one of those theretical transmission modes often listed as risky, but for whcih, to my knowlege, no actual transmissions have been reported. 首先，唾液不是传染性的对于HIV，或
20、者仅仅是最低限度的；唾液杀死 HIV（这是口交和接吻有很少或者无风险的一个原因） 。第二，眼睛暴露给有 HIV 的血液和分泌物是一个被罗列出来的理论上的传播模式，但是这样在我的知识中，没有真实的这种传播的报告。Your sexual exposures were condom protected and condom protected sex is safe sex. As for your unprotected oral sex, the quoted figure for HIV risk, if one has oral sex (giving or receiving) with
21、an infected partner is less than 1 in 10,000 and, in my estimation that is too high. Some experts state there is no risk at all from oral sex. Neither of us on this site have ever seen or reading the medical literature of a convincing instance in which HIV was passed by oral sex.你的性交接触有安全套的，有安全套保护的是
22、安全性交。你的无保护的口交，可以证实的数据是，如果一个口交（主动或被动）和一个感染者，他被感染的概率少于 10000 分之1，在我的估计中这个数学还很高。一些专家说口交完全无风险。我们都没见过或者读到过医学文献上说被证实的 HIV 通过口交得情况。Here is EVERYTHING you need to know aboutnsecuL transmission of HIV: if a bare penis (no condom) doesnt get inside another persons vagina, rectum or (very rarely) mouth, there
23、is no chance of transmission. 这些是所有你需要知道的关于性传播 HIV 的情况：如果无安全套的JJ 不插入另一个人的阴道，直肠或者（非常之少的情况）嘴巴，那是无传播的机会的。A negative combo txest any time after 4 weeks always overrules exposure history and symptoms (But the exposure was zero risk anyway, and HIV is not a possible cause for a single inflamed lymph node.
24、) 1 个在 4 周后的联合测试的阴总是否决了之前的接触和症状（无论如何你的接触 0 风险，并且 HIV 不可能引起单一的淋巴结发炎红肿）HIV is difficult to transmit. Even with unprotected vaginal sex with an infected partner, the virus is passed an average of once for every 1,000-2,000 exposures. There is no risk from kissing, hand-genital contact, fingering, or su
25、perficial bites that do not even break the skin. Cuts and nicks on the fingers etc make little or no difference: still no risk. Receiving oral sex may carry a slight risk, but very low; some experts believe it is no risk at all. HIV 很难传播。甚至是无保护和一个感染者阴道交，病毒在 1000-2000 次中传播 1 次。接吻无风险。手与生殖器接触，手淫，表面的舔咬没
26、弄破皮肤，都没风险。在手上或别处的切口缺口有一点点或者跟前几个一样：无风险。收到口交有轻微的风险，但是极低，一些专家认为这完全没有风险。Bottom line: select your partners with care and common sense, and always use condoms for vaginal or anal sex. Then stop worrying about HIV. 结果是：小心的用常识选择你的同伴，总是选择使用安全套阴道交或者肛交。然后不用担心 HIV。In addition, HIV is not spread in inanimate mat
27、erials such as a towel or in liquids such as water, massage oil (this is a general statement, I understand that you brought your own). thus this was an entirely no risk encounter. 另外，HIV 不通过无生命的材质像毛巾，液体水，按摩油传播。因此这是一个完全的无风险接触。The difference between a 7 and 8 week test is small. Remember, well over 95
28、% of persons who acquire HIV will have a positive test at 6 weeks- at 7 weeks the figure is even higher making the odds very much in your favor.7 周 8 周检测的差异很小。记住，超过 95%的人获得 HIV 后在 6 周-7 周获得阳结果，这个比率甚至更高使你不用担心。Further, even if he did, the risk of HIV transmission, on average is only 1 per every 1000 a
29、cts of intercourse, thus if he had HIV your risk would be 6 in 1000 or 0.6%.进一步来说，如果他有，HIV 传播的风险是 1000 次有 1 次，因此他有 HIV 你的风险是 1000分之 6.（WTXJ 男传女）HIV is ONLY transmitted to adults through penetrative genital or ano-genital sex or through injection of material containing the virus deep into tissue.HIV
30、只有通过成人的渗透进生殖器 XJ 或者 GJ 或者注射材料包含病毒深入到组织里传播。The likelihood that your partner, as a heterosexual man had HIV is very low and even in the very unlikely situation that he did have HIV, there is no risk of getting HIV from oral sex, thus your only possible exposure would be the very brief vaginal penetrat
31、ion.你的同伴，那个男人有 HIV 几率非常低，甚至来说不可能有，KJ 是无风险的，因此你仅有的可能性是非常简短的 YINDAO 渗透进病毒。Nobody needs testing more than 3 months after exposure, and generally 6-8 weeks is sufficient. Longer than that is an urban myth - maybe rarely for the earliest HIV antibody tests, but not for those in use the past 10-15 years.没
32、有人需要超过 3 个月的检查，通常 6-8 周足够。更长的是城市的神话，可能极少的最初HIV 抗体测试需要，但是在过去的 10-15 年已经不使用了。HIV is transmitted only once in every 1000 sexual encounters when a condom is not used.HIV 只是在不使用安全套的情况下每 1000 次有 1 次。It is impossible to have HIV and still have a negative antibody/p24 antigen(duo, combo) test beyond about 4
33、 weeks.有了 HIV 并且在 4 周的时候做抗体、 P24 抗原测试（双重，联合测试）的结果还是阴这是不可能的。As long as testing is done sufficiently long after exposure - 4+ weeks for duo/combo - the results always overrule exposure history and symptoms.4 周以上的双重、联合测试是足够的，它的结果总是否决了之前的接触和症状。Can i get HIV from the french Kisses from these two girls if
34、 they had open sores with blood and they were HIV positive?我会不会从和 2 个女孩的法式深吻中获得 HIV，如果他们有溃疡有血并且 HIV 阳？No, no risk.不，无风险。I am not sure which country you are from but worldwide, a negative HIV p24 antigen and negative HIV antibody test at 4 weeks is proof that you do not have HIV.我不确定你是哪个国家的，但是在全世界各地，
35、1 个在 4 周的检查 P24 抗原和抗体的测试阴证明你没有 HIV。4-6 weeks longer than the 6-8 weeks it takes virtually everyone to develop HIV antibodies. When the HIV p24 antigen is added to the antibody tests, definitive answers are available even sooner - at 4 weeks.4-6 周甚至更长的 6-8 周，事实上每个人都会产生 HIV 抗体。当 P24 抗原加入到抗体的测试中，决定性的结果
36、在 4 周可用。There is no risk for acquisition of HIV from masturbating a partner, even if she did happen to have HIV. That you may have peeling skin and an open sore at the time you did makes no difference. No one has ever gotten HIV from masturbation of an infected partner, never.从被同伴的 shou yin 中获得 HIV
37、是不会的，甚至她有 HIV。或许你有脱皮或者开放的溃疡在那个时候，不过结果都一样。没有人从被感染者 shou yin 获得 HIV，永远不会。The symptoms of HIV typically occur 2-4 weeks following exposure, not within days.典型的 HIV 症状发生在感染后 2-4 周，不会再几天内。Your antibody test at 5 weeks would have detected about 95% of recently acquired HIV infections and your partner was
38、unlikely to have HIV.你在 5 周的抗体测试可以侦查到 95%的最近获得 HIV 的，并且你的同伴不太可能有 HIV。A combination of a negative antibody test and a negative PCR at any time more than 4 weeks following exposure is definitive evidence that you did not get HIV.一个联合的抗体测试和 PCR 测试在超过 4 周的时候是决定性的证据，你没有 HIV。Even if the risk is low, testi
39、ng is the best way to know for certain, and a negative test result usually is more reassuring than anything I or any other expert can say.就算风险很低，测试是最好的方法在某种意义上，一个阴的结果比我或者其他的专家都让你安心。Hsving had condom-protected sex, there was no significant risk of HIV, even if your partner was infected.有安全套的 XJ，是没有有意
40、义的 HIV 风险，甚至你的同伴是感染者。Early HIV infections does not cause nasal congestion, does not cause sore throat without fever, and does not last 2 months. Sleeping too much and weakness are also not likely HIV symptoms.早期 HIV 感染不会引起鼻塞，不会引起没有发烧的咽喉痛，不会持续 2 个月。睡的太多和虚弱也不像是 HIV 症状。And catching HIV by mouth itself
41、is rare; swallowing infected blood would be a fairly low risk exposure.从嘴巴获得 HIV 很少；吞咽被感染的血液是相当低的风险接触。Your results are definitive as combination HIV antigen/HIV antibody tests provide conclusive results at 4 weeks (28 days) following exposure.你的结果是确定的，因为在 4 周（28 天）的联合查 HIV 抗原和抗体的测试可以提供决定性的结果。thus tr
42、ying to determine risk for HIV using symptoms of any sort really is non-productive and an exercise in anxiety production.因此试图用任何症状确定 HIV 是无效的，并且会导致焦虑的产生。Diagnostic X-rays do not harm the immune system in any way诊断用的 X 射线不会以任何方式伤害免疫系统A negative duo (combo, or “4th generation“) test remains 100% relia
43、ble 4 weeks or more after the last possible exposure.1 个双重测试（联合测试，又名“第四代” ）在 4 周或者更久的结果是 100%可靠地。At the time you were tested (21 days), the figure is close to this but not precisely known. It would likely detect more than 90% of recently acquired HIV infections however.你已经测了 21 天，这个结果相当准确但还不是最精准的。它会
44、发现超过 90%最近感染 HIV的人。 （指的是第四代 21 天的结果 90%）and even if your partner had HIV, your risk from a single exposure is on 1 infection in 1000 exposures.并且就算是你的同伴有 HIV，你的风险是 1000 次 XJ 中有 1 次。you really do not need to worry about which generation of tests you were tested with, at this time virtually all tests
45、are far more sensitive that they were even 2-3 years ago when the 3 month recommendation was made你真的不需要担心你的测试是第几代试剂，在 3 个月的时候甚至是 2-3 年前的测试方法都是极度敏感的。 （专给 3 个月后还恐的翻的）Eight weeks is sufficient time for the stand-alone HIV antibody tests, and you dont need any additional testing - even though many agenc
46、ies recommend testing at 3 months.八周的单纯抗体测试足够了，你不需要任何别的测试了，虽然许多机构推荐 3 个月。In addition, other studies have conclusively shown that taking acyclovir has NO effect in delaying development of positive test results in person with HIV.另外，别的研究决定性的指出服用治疗疱疹的药物不会影响延迟 HIV 的阳性结果的出现。The duo test, i.e. for both HI
47、V antibody and p24 antigen, is 100% reliable at 4 weeks or more after exposure. Common advice about needing to test at 3 months applies to the stand-alone antibody tests (and even with those tests, 6 weeks is generally sufficient).双重测试，也就是 HIV 抗体和 P24 抗原测试，在 4 周或更久是 100%可靠的。普遍建议的 3个月是应用于标准的抗体测试（就算是这
48、些，6 周通常足够了） 。Hepatitis C has no effect on HIV test results. In fact, there are no medicines or illness that make HIV testing unreliable, with the possible exception of advanced (terminal) illnesses and cancer chemotherapy - and even these are theoretical, with few if any actually proved cases of del
49、ayed or unreliable HIV testing.丙型肝炎不会影响 HIV 测试结果。实际上，没有药物和疾病使 HIV 测试不可信，可能的话就是先前的重病末期和肝化疗，其实这些也是理论上的，只有很小的例子中使 HIV 测试不可靠。the symptoms of which cannot start sooner than 10 days after exposure.症状不会在接触后 10 天内出现。ANY test carried out more than 8 weeks following exposure is reliable and should be believed.任何测试超过 8 周的结果是可靠的应该被信任。In persons with symptoms due to early HIV, standard HIV blood tests are typically positive within a week of the onset of symptoms.一个人早期的症状是由 HIV 引起的话，标准的抽血检查会在症状出现开始的一周内阳。The DUO tests are conclusive at 4 weeks.双重测试在四周是决定性的。The DUO tests are entirely reliable an
