1、Final Examination of Foreign Students I. The following figure is an X-ray film of normal chest. Please name the organs in the figure.（ 15points） 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 II. Term interpretation ( 6 points) 1. Fogging effect: 2. Chemoembolization III. Filling the blanks (24 points) 1. For
2、patients with brain trauma there are three types of extracerebral hemorrhage : , , . 2. On X-ray film, there are four fundamental radiographic densities. Bones appear . Muscles appear . Fat appears .Air and gases appear . 3. The indications of embolization conclude_, _, _, _ _, _ _, . 4. The aim of
3、inferior vena cava filter placement was to _. 5. Endovascular stent has two kinds of unfold types: _ _and_. 6. Angiography can be performed by _, _, _ technique. 7. Give some example of non-vascular intervention ： _, _, _, _. 8. The main limitation of angioplasty was_. IV. Answer the questions. (35
4、points) 1. Please write down the common site of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and its CT appearance (10 points) 2. Please write down CT and MRI appearance of meningioma. (14 points) 3. What is the principle of transcatheter arterial infusion? (6 points) 4. Please give an introduction of angioplas
5、ty and its main technique. (5 points) V. According to the clinical materials and radiologic examination , please write down the radiologic appearance and your impression. (20 points) 1.Case 1 A 38-year-old man with a history of fever, cough, rusted sputum and left chest pain for one week. The white
6、blood cell count was 12.0 109/L. The posteroanterior and lateral view films as follows: 2.Case 2 A 34-year-old man, He suffered from low grade fever in the afternoon, cough, weakness for half a month. The findings of CT scan as follows: 3.Case 3 A-70-year-old femal with a history of colon carcinoma.
7、 4.Case 4 A 38-year-old man with myasthenia gravis for half a year. 5.Case5 A 68-year-old female with a history of smoking for 30 years. The clinical symptom was cough, hemoptysis for two months. 2002-2003 Final Examination of Foreign Students (Answers) I. 1 trachea 2 right main bronchus 3 left main
8、 bronchus 4 scapula 5 clavicle 6 sternum 7 azygos vein 8 aortic arch 9 left pulmonary artery 10 upper left cardiac border 11 lower left cardiac border 12 right atrium 13 lower lobe arteries 14 lateral costophrenic angle 15 breast II. 1. Fogging effect: During 23 weeks after cerebral infarction, the
9、density of the infarcted lesion increased and became isodense. This is due to reduction in edema ,leakage of proteins from cell lysis and invasion of macrophage. 2. Chemoembolization: A technique that combines transcatheter arterial infusion of chemotherapy drugs and embolization. III. 1. epidural h
10、emorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage 2. black, gray-black, gray, white 3. control of hemorrage, devascularization of tumors,. ablation of organ or tissue, varicocele, modification of blood flow, perigraft leak and back bleeding, following stent-graft, localization of small bowel a
11、ngiodysplasia (choose 5) 4. prevent the pummonary embolism5. balloon-expandble stent， self-expandable stent6. DSA, MRA, CTA 7. percutaneous biopsy, percutaneous drainage start periphery progress centrally; isodense between 1 to 6 weeks; peripheral enhancement Chronic hemorrhage: hypodense Residua of
12、 hemorrage: hypodense foci (37%); slitlike lesion (25%); calcification (10%); no abnormal (27%) 2.CT: Sharp circumscribed round or smoothly lobulated mass;Connected with dura or inner table with a broad bas. Homogenous hyperdense (75%), isodense. Calcification 2025%,diffuse, focal, sandlike, sunburs
13、t, globular, rimlike. Bone destructure or hyperosteogeny Soft tissue mass in scalp Edema: non except for venous or sinus compressed Necrosis or cyst formation : seldom 825% Hemorrhage:uncommon Enhancement :obvious and uniform enhancement MRI: Isointense with gray matter on T1WI ,T2WI;CSF cleft and p
14、ial vessels around tumor; Flow void vessels within tumor;Enhanced rapidly and intensely,Dural tail sign. Dura adjacent to tumor show liner enhancemet. suggestive not specific for meningioma, also can be seen in schwannoma, gliblastoma multiforme, metastases 3. Drugs administrated through veins were
15、diluted, combined with protein, the level of drugs in the target organ is low, untarget organs was also affected, side effects was serious TAI increase the level of drugs in the target organ, prolong the contact time with lesion, enhance the effectiveness, lower the side effects 4. Ballon angioplast
16、y. Endovascular stent. Atherectomy/thrombous removel. Laser angioplasty. Ultrasound angioplasty. V. 1.case1: left lower lobe; confluent patchy opacities; obliterate the posterior left hemidiaphragm on the lateral view; impression: left lower lobe pneumonia 2.case2: multiple(diffuse); small(military)
17、 nodules throughout both lungs; homogeneous density; impression: military tuberculosis 3.case3: multiple nodules; bilateral lung fields; well-defined margins; homogeneous density; impression: pulmonary metastases 4.case4: anterior mediastinum(anterior to the great vessels); mass; well-defined margin
18、s; soft tissue density; homogeneous density; impresson: thymoma 5.case5: right hilum enlarged; the wall of the bronchus thickened; soft tissue density mass; mediastinal and right pulmonary artery involvement; obviously and heterogeneously enhancement; paratracheal and subcarinal lymph nodes enlarged; impression: right central bronchial carcinoma involved mediastinal and right pulmonary artery, mediastinal lymph nodes metastases
