1、1Analysis of the Leaps and Bounds development of economic society in the underdeveloped regions underAbstract. From the experience of Bijie Experimental Zone， it tells us poor mountainous alpine karst can take the road of scientific development. Through four levels of economic development factor ana
2、lysis， the preliminary conclusion is that the condition does not have the elements of a comprehensive guarantee. But after playing the advantage， compared to some of the economic and social development conditions， it has achieved a good stage across the local area， and some industries or some indica
3、tors may exist to achieve leapfrog development. And institutional innovation and opening to the outside is the main driving force to accelerate economic and social development in Guizhou. 1. Introduction Bijie Prefecture in Guizhou is representative in the economic and social development， and is a t
4、ypical poor alpine karst mountain. Since the pilot area to 24 years between 2011， the regions economic and social development has made remarkable achievements in Bijie， Guizhous development as 2the theme of economic and social development has provided valuable experience. Lessons include： institutio
5、nal poverty persist in reform and innovation； adhere to poverty alleviation and development and ecological construction， co-ordinate the development of population control， adhere to self-reliance and hard work. Wherein Y represents the output， A is the system efficiency and technical level of the pa
6、rameter， K represents capital investment， L represents labor input. Where the first level is the basic elements of labor， capital， resources （where not reflected） ； second level is the core element of technological progress， which is to get the economy growing in the vivid force. The third level is
7、a key element of the system， the process of economic growth of any society， must be by means of a role in order to achieve social and economic system. The fourth level is regulatory elements and cultural background （not reflected in the above formula） ， which adjusted the sense of innovation in the
8、vast majority of a countrys nationals subjectively economic concepts and production efficiency. 4 2. The economic growth factor analysis of Guizhou According to the theory， we analyze the following elements 3of the situation in Guizhou. All data sources are in the corresponding year， “China Statisti
9、cal Yearbook“， “Guizhou Statistical Yearbook“ and “2011 National Science and Technology funding Statistical Bulletin“， “Guizhou Province， the second major economic census data bulletin.“ 2.1 The quality of labor Guizhou case： until 2008， among the employees in the unit， the postgraduate， undergradua
10、te， college， high school， junior high school education or below and are accounted for 0.8%， 14.0%， 24.5%， 24.1% and 36.6% respectively. Personnel with technical titles of 753，366 people， accounting for 24.9% unit employees； personnel with technical level qualifications were 235，435 people， accountin
11、g for 7.8% of the employees. The national average situation： employees in the unit in the same year， with graduate and above， college， college， high school， junior high school and less educated workers are accounted for 1.3%， 11.4%， 17.6%， 31.5% and 38.2%. Personnel with technical titles is 4559.7 m
12、illion， accounting for 16.7% of the employees； personnel with technical level qualifications were 2，381.1 million， accounting for 8.7% of employees are in the unit. 4It is necessary to compare the situation in 2005： a university degree （refer to college and above） the proportion of the population in
13、 Guizhou 3.00%， the national average was 5.18%； Guizhou University of gross enrollment rate was 9.2 percent， the country is 18%. Personnel with technical titles in Guizhou Province with advanced， intermediate technical titles accounted for 6.15%， 28.46% respectively； corresponding national average o
14、f 9.5%， 36.9%. As can be seen from the above data， before 2005， with the proportion of the population in Guizhou university level， many people with titles are lower than the national average， but the situation has improved after the 2008. Human capital formation from watching American economist Deni
15、son （1967） ， who analyzed the factors on economic growth in the United States after the war showed that about 50% of the growth comes from the origin of human capital and technological progress. 5 Ethnic areas of human capital index can be reached with the research of Wang Bida（2004） ， which shows t
16、hat their knowledge of the two highest development index It is Xinjiang （65.85） ， Chongqing （63.71） ， the lowest two are Tibet （31.99） ， Guizhou （38.32） ， coastal highest is Beijing （606.05） ， the minimum is Hebei （75.69）. 6 52.2 Capital In late 2008， the total secondary and tertiary industries corp
17、orate units of 1.600568 trillion yuan of assets in Guizhou Province （the end of 2004 an increase of 779.07 billion yuan， an increase of 94.8%） ， accounting for only 0.77% of the country. While the population over the same period， the proportion of the national population in Guizhou is 2.85%. The rea
18、sons of capital stock and flow less are savings， bank credit， causing equity financing， foreign investment， financial transfers and other reasons. 2.3 Land Guizhou Province， the per capita amount is 6.83 acres of landowners， representing 60% of the national per capita land area of 11.32 acres. Land
19、fragmentation， mountainous areas are account for 70% of the total land area， which is the only province without a plain. Quality arable land is poor and in the low-yielding Land area， per capita consumption is less. 2.4 Other natural resources This is a rare advantage Guizhou， particularly in the en
20、ergy， mining， biotechnology， and tourism resources of the four great advantages. Guizhou abundant energy， coal， hydro and bioenergy widely distributed， large reserves. The total reserves of coal resources for the provinces south of the 6Yangtze， and more than 7 billion tons； hydropower resources ran
21、ks seventh in the country； mineral resource categories more complete， ownership of resources than the rich， concentrated mineral distribution advantages， mineralization geological conditions better， in the country and western occupies an important position， but fear has fallen into the “resource cur
22、se“ vicious circle. 7 2.5 Technical progress In 2011， Guizhou Province has invested research and experimental development （R & D） funding for 3.63 billion yuan， accounting for the country is 0.42%， R & D funding intensity （ratio of GDP） was 0.64%； 2011， Chinas total investment in research and experi
23、mental development （R & D） expenditure 868.7 billion yuan， an increase of 162.44 billion yuan last year， up 23%； research and experimental development （R & D） funding intensity （ratio of GDP） was 1.84%. In 2005， Guizhou Province has invested research and experimental development （R & D） funding of 1
24、.1 billion yuan， accounting for only 0.4%. Thus the technical elements of Guizhou are quite backward. 2.6 economic systems Among them， the total assets of 668.554 billion yuan are 7state-owned enterprises， an increase of 272.586 billion yuan over the end of 2004， an increase of 68.8%； State-owned en
25、terprises are accounted for 41.76% of assets， in 2004， this ratio was 67.32%. By the end of 2008， total national secondary and tertiary industries corporate units assets 207.8 trillion yuan， an increase of 111.1 trillion yuan at the end of 2004， an increase of 114.8%. Among them， the total assets of
26、 47.7 trillion yuan of state-owned enterprises， an increase of 17.6 trillion yuan at the end of 2004， an increase of 58.5%； assets of state-owned enterprises accounted for 22.95 percent. In 2004， the proportion was 48.1%. It can be seen that the state economy is far greater than the national average
27、 proportion of Guizhou Province. The exciting thing is that in 2012， the state issued a special “State Council on further promote sound and rapid economic and social development of Guizhous“ No. 2 files， this part of the superstructure dividend policy areas （designated in the institutional factors）
28、， including fiscal and taxation policies to tilt Guizhou， investment policy， monetary policy， industrial policy， land policy， personnel policy and counterpart support policy will have some positive impact on the economy and 8society for an extended period of Guizhou， well see. 2.7 The cultural backg
29、round In 2008， Guizhou Province， culture， sports and entertainment， its fixed assets， at cost， when revenues and expenditures were 2.475 billion yuan， 1.779 billion yuan and 1.515 billion yuan （245.76 billion yuan respectively nationwide， 162.21 billion yuan and 146.7 billion yuan） ， accounting for
30、the proportion of 1%， 1% and 1%. This shows that the proportion of sports industry to measure the cultural elements of Guizhou is backward. 3. Conclusion Analysis of economic growth can be seen from the above factors， besides the advantage of natural resource reserves in Guizhou， the other essential
31、 elements such as - the quality of labor， land， capital， especially the core elements - technology， key elements - economic system and regulation elements - many respects cultural background are behind the national average， and some aspects have more serious degree of backwardness. Even still in the
32、 investment-oriented guide stage， one of the key elements -capital is extremely scarce in Guizhou. It can be initially concluded that the full realization of Guizhou leaps and bounds in the short term does 9not have the elements of economic and social conditions of guarantee， but in the deepening of
33、 economic globalization and technological revolution， after the playing of the advantage， it does not rule out some of the economic and social development of local areas would achieve better conditions across a stage， and some industries or the possibility of some indicators may achieve leapfrog dev
34、elopment. Take the institutional innovation and learning patterns in Bijie as the reference is the main driving force to accelerate economic and social development. References 1 Chen Kunrong new growth theory and economic growth in China M Nanjing： Nanjing University Press， 2003： 41-49. 2 Li Penn， T
35、sang Chi Hung Chinese TFP changes from 1978 to 2007 and then measure J ECONOMICS Technology， 2009 （3）：3-15. 3 Lu Xiaodong， even Yujun factor endowments， institutional constraints and the Chinese provinces of export potential - estimated heterogeneity stochastic frontier model based on exports of J S
36、outhern economy， 2011 （10）： 3-11. 4 Chow， GC and Li China s Economic Growth：. 1952-2010 J Economic Development and Cultural Change， 2002 （51）： 10247-256. 5 Zhang Yili Human Capital and Regional Economic Growth M Hangzhou： Zhejiang University Press， 2005： 17-20. 6 Wang Bida Advantage and Regional Development M Shanghai： Fudan University Press， 2004： 163-165. 7 Zhao Pu， Jin Xiaobo change “resource curse“ for the “resource voice“ - resource-rich regions economic growth strategy game selection J explorations， 2010 （8）：27-30.
