1、1Fanjing Mountain tourism developmentAbstract. Fanjing mountain national nature reserve is located in northeast of Guizhou province， China. Ancient geological structure， abundant biological resources and subtropical top ecological system make Fanjing mountain nature reserve has special protection va
2、lue. It also makes the Fanjing mountain become important tourism resources in guizhou province and even in China. But Fanjing mountain tourism development is still in a lower initial stage. Tourism development concept and mode is relatively backward. According to our investigation and research， we g
3、ive Tourism plan （8 suggestions） to improve Fanjing mountain tourism management and economic management. Key words： Fanjing Mountain； tourism； development. 1. Introduction Fanjing mountain（27465028130N，10835551084830E） is located in northeast of Guizhou province， China. It is one member of the inter
4、national “man and biosphere“ reserve network. It is also one China national nature reserve. As shown in figure 1， Fanjing mountain is located in the southeast monsoon and southwest monsoon 2transition region， belongs to wet monsoon mountain climate zone. Fanjing mountain nature reserve is a subtropi
5、cal representative natural ecological system， preserved to be original state. Fanjing mountain natural environment and forest ecological system is basically not destructed by human activities. 2. Natural resource background 2.1 Geological condition The Fanjing mountain geological basis is formed bef
6、ore Sinian Period. The oldest exposed formation is Fanjing mountain group， which absolute age is about 11.4 billion. Fanjing mountain exposed formation， mainly including： the upper Proterozoic stratum， Sinian stratum， Cambrian stratum， Ordovician stratum， Silurian stratum， Devonian stratum， Permian
7、strata， Mesozoic Triassic stratum， Jurassic stratum and Cretaceous strata. Marine sedimentary rock and paleontological fossils are rich1. Drainage is developed well and cut terrain strongly in Fanjing mountain area. Elevation difference is big. Steep slopes are wildly existed. Fault， joint and crack
8、 is developed wildly. Geological disasters such as landslide， collapse and debris flow happened from time to time in Fanjing mountain2. 3Fanjing mountain area mineral deposits have iron， copper， tin， tungsten and some non-metallic ores. However， due to mineral occurrence structure and tectonic condi
9、tion are complexly， it is difficult to prospect the mineral resources. 2.2 Climate condition Annual average temperature is 5.017.0 in Fanjing mountain area. Average temperature is -3.15.8 in January and 1527.4 in July. The average annual precipitation is 11002600 millimetres3. Subtropical monsoon mo
10、untain humid climate prevail in Fanjing mountain. Sunlight and precipitation are rich. Climate changes rapidly with vertical elevation variety. There are obvious vertical climate and vegetation zone spectrum. Five vegetation zones can be grouped from the hill （500m） to the top of the mountain （2572m
11、）. The first zone （5001300m） is primarily evergreen broad-leaved forest， which is dominated by Castanopsis， Cinnamomum and Machilus； The second zone （13001900m） is primarily evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest mixed forest， which is dominated by Cyclobanopsis and Fagus； The third zone （19002100m
12、） is primarily deciduous broad-leaved forest， which is dominated by Acer， Prunus and Sorbus； The 4th zone （21002350m） is primarily subalpine 4coniferous forest， which give priority to Tsuga and Abies； The 5th zone （23502572m） is primarily sub-alpine scrub meadow， which give priority to Rhododendron
13、and Sinarundinaria. 2.3 Biological resources Fanjing mountain is in special geographical position. Natural condition is complex. Geological evolution history is long. Thus it has the extremely rich biological resources. There are various kinds of animals and plants. Some of them belong to ancient an
14、imals and plants flora. And many of them are the national key protection of rare species. Fanjing mountain ecological system is relative stable equilibrium. According to uncompleted count， there are 277 families， 795 genera and 1955 species of plant in Fanjing mountain area. These plants include 6 f
15、amilies， 14 genera and 19 species of Gymnosperms； 144 families， 460 genera and 1155 species of seed plants； 50 families， 127 genera and 245 species of mosses； 38 families， 85 genera and 183 species of ferns； 45 families， 123 genera and 372 species of large fungi. According to the Chinese vegetation
16、classification unit， Fanjing mountain natural vegetation is divided into five vegetation type groups： coniferous forest， forest， bamboo forest， 5bush， swamp vegetation. Coverage rate of the thick forest vegetation in Fanjing mountain is 90%. Well-preserved forest area is the core of the whole ecolog
17、ical system. Primary productivity is high. It is important for the system energy flow and material circulation of the link. According to the concept of forest type， Fanjing mountain forest can be divided into 2 types. The original type - Mangrove trees， Cyclobalanopsis oak forest， Water Fagus forest
18、， Hemlock spruce forest， Abies forest， Rhododendron forest， maple trees， rowan forest， Sakura elfin forest； Secondary types - ring leaf Populus， Birch forest， Liquidambar forest， Horsetail pine， Fir forest， Fir （artificial） forest， Bamboo （artificial ） forest， Sasanqua forest， etc. Reference the pas
19、t officially published material and the specimens deposited everywhere， according to our investigation， the main forest tree species a total of 405 species （including varieties） ， belong to 70 families and 175 genera. Some of them are precious rare types. Davidia involucrata is first level of protec
20、tion of plants in China. These categories listed as national secondary level of protection of plants are： Bretschneiderasinensis， Cercidiphyllum japonicum var. Sinense， Emmenopteryshenryi， 6Liriodendron chinenes. Level 3 key protection plants have Amentotaxusargotaenia， Dipteronia sinensis， Magnolia
21、 officinalis， M.， biloba， Ormosia henryi， Phoebe nanmu， Pterostyraxcorymbosa Tsuga chinensis，Tsuga longibracteate， etc4. According to others data and our investigation， there are 300 kinds of 4 subspecies terrestrial vertebrates in Fanjing mountain natural protection area. It includes 57 kinds of be
22、asts， 69 kinds of birds 34 kinds of amphibiousand 40 reptiles5. Some of them are first class protected animals， such as Qian golden monkey （Rhinopithecus llanae brelichi） ， south China tiger （ Panthera Tigris amoyensis） ， the clouded leopard （ Neofelis nebulosa nebulosa） and serow （Capriconis sumatr
23、aensis milneedwardsi）. Some of them are second class protected animals， such as Macaca assamensis assamensis， Macaca mulatta mulatta， Macaca speciosas， Maschus berezovskii and Elaphads cephalalophus， etc. 3. Present Tourism development situation： Ancient geological structure， abundant biological res
24、ources and subtropical top ecological system make Fanjing mountain nature reserve has special protection value. It also makes the Fanjing mountain become important tourism resources 7in Guizhou province and even in China. 3.1 General situation Fanjing mountain tourism development is still in a lower
25、 initial stage. Tourism development concept and mode is relatively backward. It doesnt adapt to the tourism marketization， socialization and industrialization development. Tourism products system and comprehensive service system lags behind to other mountains. The tourism industry develops in small
26、scale， low level， dispersible management， individualized service6. Its market competitiveness is not strong. 3.2 Tourists characteristics Fanjing mountain tourism started and initialed late， so the market cultivation is not mature. But the tourist market is in rapid growth stage， it develops fast. T
27、he tourist season in is from April to October. Tourism optimum season is the golden week of May and October. Tourism income is 1.5 billion RMB Yuan in the year 2011. 2.7 million tourists visited Fanjing mountain one year. The tourists have the following basic features： 1） Age structure. 2544 years o
28、ld tourists accounted for 55% of the total， and 4560 years old tourists accounted for 818%. 2） Education background. 31% of tourists are graduated from senior high school or technical secondary school. 62% of tourists are graduated from college or university. Only 4% of tourists are graduated from j
29、unior high school. 3） Income structure. Tourists with monthly income of 6001000 Yuan accounted for 10% of the total. Tourists with monthly income of 10002000 Yuan accounted for 46%. Tourists with monthly income of 20004000 Yuan accounted for 35%. Tourists with monthly income of 40006000 Yuan account
30、ed for 5.9%. About 81% tourists earn 10004000 Yuan monthly. 4） Information acquisition modes. Basically tourists rely on others recommend then they come to Fanjing mountain. Few tourists know Fanjing mountain by through radio， television and network. 5） Way to travel. 43% tourists meet Relatives and
31、 friends to travel. 23% tourists travel with agency group. 17% tourists travel alone. 13% tourists travel with unit organization. 6） Traffic tool selection. 34% tourists come by automobile. 26% tourists come by train then turn to cars. 22% tourists come by plane. 18% tourists drive himself. More and
32、 more tourists like to drive himself. 93.3 Infrastructure Infrastructure is improving recent years. To provide convenient and quick traffic for tourists， Tongren phoenix airport， Fanjing mountain eastern cableway， Yuhuai railway， Fanjing mountain loop road， Ying-Xiu high grade highway and Jiangkou-H
33、eiwanhe highway are built. Also， Hang-Rui highway and YinJiang-Huguoshi expressways are in process. Local government built peace river scenic tourist trails， the Mianxi ridge hiking trails， a number of parking lot， tourism toilet， pedestrian bridge， tourists resting booth and other facilities. Local
34、 government repaired Fanjing mountain Huguo temple， built the peace river Buddhism group tourism projects， also built a number of star hotels. Gradually Fanjing mountain natural ecological and Buddhism cultural tourism image is set up. 3.4 Protection and planning The vigorous development of tourism
35、influenced the natural and cultural heritage resources environment in recent years. On the one hand， it effect and improve the tourists and local peoples environmental protection consciousness. On the other hand， it promoted the regional economic development and provided money for the resource and e
36、nvironmental protection. 10When we use and develop Fanjing mountain tourism， we must protect Fanjing mountain natural cultural heritage resources. In accordance with the overall planning of Fanjing mountain nature reserve， reserved area is divided into three major functional areas. 1） Core area. Cor
37、e area is located in the reserve center area， along the buffer boundary to reserve center part of the extension. It is accounting for 58% of the total area. Core reserve area has a complete original forest system and keeps the natural original state. Strictly protected by state laws and regulations，
38、 it can avoid the human disturbance and destruction. 2） Buffer area. Buffer area is located in core area periphery. It covers an area of 2800 hectares， accounting for 7% of the total reserve area. The area is transition zone between the core area and the experimental area. Various kinds of scientifi
39、c research and monitoring work can carry out， but the activities to use of natural resources are prohibited in this area. 3） Scientific experimental zone （including tourist area）. Fanjing mountain reserve edge area and tourism zone is scientific experimental zone. It covers an area of about 14500 hectares， accounting for 35% of the area of the
