1、1The Study of Occupational Stress and Influence FactorAbstract: With the traditional biomedical model to the biological, psychological, social and medical model of change, committed to occupational health researchers began to look by a single environmental impact factors be extended to the psycholog
2、ical field workers. Their current occupation tense situation, and such a tense situation on peoples health has gradually become the researchers focus on the object. I try from the concept of health hazards, influencing factors, several aspects of the research methods and interventions on occupationa
3、l stress in recent years progress are reviewed. Key words: job strain;job demand; job control; effort-reward imbalance 1 The concept of occupational stress Occupational stress is defined as in academic research: social and psychological factors in the workplace beyond the bodys ability to regulate,
4、or work requirements and capabilities, resources, needs do not match the harmful physiological and psychological reactions 1 . The country was 2also suggested that occupational stress in certain occupational conditions, the objective requirements and the subjective ability to adapt to the imbalance
5、between the physical and psychological pressure 2. Past 30 years, with the deepening of Chinas economic reform and modernization process continues to progress, peoples work and lifestyle to great changes in both organizations and individuals are exposed to the subjective motivation of the correspond
6、ing Misfits (personal aspirations and organizational environment to meet the gap, such as wages, benefits, status or physical, knowledge, experience or skills and job requirements, such as workload, complexity, and individuals responsible are incompatible) this suited to only hinder the improvement
7、of organizational performance, and also increased the psychological pressure of the individual, occupational stress phenomenon is caused by this not suited to the serious consequences of one. Therefore, occupational stress and the generation to have an adverse impact on economic development and pers
8、onal health. In recent years, researchers have begun to invest more energy studies of occupational stress on peoples health every year. According to the statistics of the China Knowledge Infrastructure (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI), as shown in Figure 1. 3It can be seen, occupation
9、al stress and academic attention in recent years increased substantially, and the constant increase in the importance of the occupational stress. 2 Subjects and methods 2.1 The object of study Using a convenience sampling method, select a state-owned enterprises in the Shanghai district employees, t
10、he employees of a private enterprise, one secondary and two primary school teachers, three of the medical staff of the Community Health Center, a research institute researchers and a bus driver for the study. In addition to the bus company investigated only two team drivers, other units of occupatio
11、nal population survey rates were 81% and 89% of the average survey rate of 83%. The surveys length of service are more than 1 year. All of the subjects were informed consent, autonomy under the guidance of the investigating officers to fill out the questionnaire, survey was conducted from July 2008
12、to April 2009. 2.2 Research Methods JCQ questionnaire occupational stress and the evaluation factors are: job requirements, job control, social support, job insecurity and job requirements and job control score ratio (D / C); ERI Questionnaire score evaluation factors: pay and 4reward ratio (E / R),
13、 the inner drive. Tertile of the stress-related evaluation factors are divided into high, medium and low three groups. Job requirements and job control model (job-demand the control, by JDC), job requirements and job control score ratio (D / C) 1, defined as a high degree of work stress; pay and rew
14、ard imbalance model of work effort and reward ratio (E / R) 1, defined as a high degree of work stress. 2.3 Other information survey Including socio-demographic characteristics and habits of individual behavior (such as smoking, drinking, sports and exercise, etc.). The definition of regular sports
15、and exercise is the exercise once a week or more, each more than 20 min. 2.4 statistical methods Using EpiData 3.0 to establish a database, using the SPSS 15.0 software package for analysis. The use of 2 test was used to compare socio-demographic characteristics, nervous symptoms positive difference
16、s in the rate of individual behavioral characteristics of the different levels of group, the use of multivariate logistic regression model to analyze the different levels of each variable associated with nervous symptoms. Inspection level = 0.05. 3 Results 53.1 In general This survey were distribute
17、d and survey assessment questionnaire 2639 were audited in line with work experience and a questionnaire completed by 2458, the effective response rate of 93%. Males and 1130 females 1328. Male and female average age, respectively (42.1 11.6) years (39.1 10.7) years. The survey population, the inten
18、se, the average score (16.1 7.2) points, where men (15.3 6.2) points, females (17.0 8.6); nervous symptoms-positive rate was 44.0%, 41.6% for men and for women 46.8 %. 3.2 sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of life on the nervous symptoms affect the single factor analysis Seen from Tabl
19、e 1, the social demographic characteristics and factors that affect the nervous symptoms of gender, educational level, occupation, job, weekly working time (P 0.05 or P 0.01). The personal lives of behavioral factors, smoking, alcohol consumption affect the nervous symptoms (P 0.01). Age, income, wo
20、rk at night, activity and exercise, body mass index (bodymass index, BMI), no significant effect on the nervous symptoms. 3.3 Occupational stress and tension affect the multivariate analysis 6Occupational stress may affect depressive symptoms and other factors non-conditional logistic regression ana
21、lysis, the variable assignment method in Table 2. Logistic regression analysis showed that occupational stress-related variables, high work stress, low job control, low social support, high work effort and reward imbalance, high intrinsic drive are the symptoms of depression independent risk factors
22、, the odds ratio (OR) were 1.84,1.24,1.46,1.30,1.51; socio-demographic factors, physical labor, undergraduate education, weekly working time is more than 40 h, the risk factors of depression, OR 1.53,1.58,1.31; personal life behavioral factors only current smoking 11 a day was statistically associat
23、ed with depression, OR 1.37 4 Discussion Survey of occupational groups depression, tension average score of 16.1 points, where the average male score was 15.3 points and 17.0 for women. Nervous depression score with the national urban population norm of 13.4 points compared to this survey occupation
24、al groups depression, tension average score was significantly higher. The study also found that the occupational groups of nervous depression score in the lowest 35 to 44 year age group (15.4 points), and the city norm 7nervous depression score lowest results in 30 to 45 age group is consistent. Ner
25、vous symptoms of this survey occupational groups depression with a positive rate of 44.0% males and 41.6%, women 46.8%, significantly higher than the 19.9% level in a certain district in Shanghai in 1999. Chinese society is in a transition period, the social environment of the past 10 years there ar
26、e more obvious change, which may be aggravated by the psychological demands of occupational groups. Previous findings of Zhejiang Province civil servants, teachers reported that nervous depression symptoms, positive rates were 41.56%, 42.38%, the positive rate of occupational groups in this study de
27、pression and tension symptoms similar to the above findings. 5 Occupational stress interventions Studies suggest that occupational stress is often continuous, dynamic, multi-faceted, complex phenomenon involving many fields, prevention and reduction of occupational stress measures must be integrated
28、. Workers, managers, family, community participation to be effective. Overall measures may have two aspects, first, tension management to increase labor to respond to stress the ability of, is appropriate training for workers, expanding the advanced needs of workers, improve their knowledge structur
29、e to improve 8their cognitive, self-efficacy, improve self-affirmation, in order to reduce or eliminate the sources of occupational stress generated. The other is the well-organized management system, and change measures. Organizational structure and source of tension in the production process by id
30、entifying companies to take targeted measures to deal with these tensions link, for example, the design environment, highlight the different workers physical and mental needs, optimizing the organization of labor and the working environment, reduce staff workload. Personally believe that occupationa
31、l stress in the discovery and concern, is a product of modern society. Modern society, the advancement of technology to promote the new technology replacement cycle is shortened, posed a challenge to the resilience of the majority of the people, and fierce competition for jobs, heavy family and soci
32、al responsibilities but also increased the psychological pressure on people, make people more prone to occupational stress. However, on the other hand, the emergence of occupational stress also shows that the progress of our medical model - pay more attention to the psychological dimensions of peopl
33、e pay more attention to the needs of the human heart. More humane medical model, must be able to better solve the problem in medicine, to ensure 9peoples health. Departure from the social, psychological level, a fundamental measure to try to eliminate the source of tension in the production and work
34、ing environment, improve the quality of working environment, workers adapt to the job requirements and control is to reduce occupational stress, and to ensure the health of employed persons, but also our response to occupational stress and the only way. References 1 WHO. The world health report 2001
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