立足原文准定位 合理分析排干扰.doc

上传人:gs****r 文档编号:1734139 上传时间:2019-03-13 格式:DOC 页数:9 大小:113.50KB
下载 相关 举报
立足原文准定位 合理分析排干扰.doc_第1页
第1页 / 共9页
立足原文准定位 合理分析排干扰.doc_第2页
第2页 / 共9页
立足原文准定位 合理分析排干扰.doc_第3页
第3页 / 共9页
立足原文准定位 合理分析排干扰.doc_第4页
第4页 / 共9页
立足原文准定位 合理分析排干扰.doc_第5页
第5页 / 共9页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

1、1立足原文准定位 合理分析排干扰编者按:“得阅读者得天下” ,这是对阅读理解重要性的精辟概括。无论是从篇幅和分值,还是从学生所花费的解题时间来看,阅读理解在各类英语考试中都算得上是重中之重。高考中,阅读理解题目难易结合,同学们是否总会错上几个,难以拿到满分呢?此次特别汇总了针对各类题型的解题技巧,希望对大家攻克阅读理解题有所帮助,让我们认真听听老师们是怎么分析的吧! 纵观近几年各地高考英语试题,细节理解题都是阅读理解的“重头戏” 。虽然多为难度中等或偏易的题目,但由于阅读信息量大,文章细节纷繁复杂,题目陷阱防不胜防,细节理解题是一个很容易“费了功夫又丢分”的题型。下面就来探讨一下细节理解题的答

2、题方略。 一、细节理解题的题型特点 不同于“主旨大意题”主要关注考生对文章的整体把握,细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中某些特定细节的理解能力。细节理解题往往通过对事实信息直接提问、指代关系判断、词义猜测、数字计算、图形识别、表格分析和事件顺序排列等方式考查,具体多呈现为以下几种提问形式: (1) According to the passage, when /where/why/how/what/which/who. ?(对事实信息直接提问) (2) Which of the following (sentences 2/statements) is (NOT) mentioned in the

3、 passage? (对事实信息直接提问) (3) Which of the following (sentences / statements) is (NOT) true according to the passage? (对事实信息直接提问) (4) What does the underlined word “it/he/she/they. ” refer to?(指代关系判断) (5) The underlined word “. ” in Paragraph. probably means . (词义猜测) (6) How long/How many/How much/When.

4、 ?(数字计算)(7) Which of the following pictures can correctly describe. ?(图形识别) (8) The chart shows that . (表格分析) (9) Whats the right order of the events related to. ? (事件顺序排列) 细节理解题涉及文章方方面面的细节,而这些细节多为构成文章所陈述事件的要素或用来证明文章主旨思想的论据。因此,认真答好细节理解题能够帮助考生更好地理解文章内容,把握中心思想,从而为解答要求更高、难度更大的“主旨大意题”铺平道路。 二、 细节理解题的答题方法

5、 不同类型的细节理解题的答题方法各异,但总体上都可以按照以下3四个步骤进行答题: 1 速读全文,把握大意 速读全文时要着眼全文而不要纠缠于文章中的某些细节。当文章比较长时,可以只浏览各个小标题、各段首尾句和文章的第一段和最后一段,大致了解作者的行文规律和文章的总体基调,为带着问题寻读文章做好准备。 2 浏览考题,找准题眼 在浏览考题时要迅速找准题干中的“题眼”关键词。关键词是题目和原文相联系的纽带,也是带着问题到原文中找相关句子的依据。 3 寻读原文,准确定位 在带着题目的关键词寻读原文时,尽量按照题目顺序结合文章的行文顺序,从前向后依次跳读,寻找与题目关键词意思相同或相近甚至是相反的词句。

6、4 合理分析,排除干扰 在原文中找到与题目相对应的语句之后,就要结合题目要求辨析各选项与文中细节的异同。在对正确选项没有十分把握的情况下,可以运用排除法排除干扰项。细节理解题的干扰项通常有文不对题、张冠李戴、偷换概念、扩缩范围、断章取义、无中生有、把未然当已然、过度猜测等形式。要准确排除干扰项,就要把选项与文中细节进行认真细致的对照比较。 三、 做细节理解题的常见失误 下面以 2012 年江苏高考试卷的阅读理解 B 篇为例,简略分析一下同4学们在做细节理解题时的常见失误。 Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidem

7、ic(流行病) sweeping across Americas farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop?eating insects. The countrys farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census(普查) figures show

8、that the fastest?growing group of farmers is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed. Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about

9、careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of Americas farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No. 1 on a list of “useless” college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of agri

10、cultural organizations across the country. “There couldnt be anything thats more incorrect, ” Merrigan said. “We know that 5there arent enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.” In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will requ

11、ire 70% more food production by 2050, she said. “I truly believe were at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all?time record high, and global supplies are at all?time record lows, ” said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. “Production costs are going to be valuable enough t

12、hat younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture.” The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy c

13、hanges to make it easier for new farmers. Ryan Best, president of Future Farmers of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21?year?old Best hopes his messagethat this is a new time in agriculturewill

14、6motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics. “Never before have we had the innovations(创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been, ” he said. “Theres really a place for everybody to fit in.” 59. What is the new challenge

15、to American agriculture? A. Fewer and older farmers. B. Higher fuel prices. C. More natural disasters. D. Lower agricultural output. 60. Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country? A. To draw federal agriculture officials attention. B. To select qualified agriculture graduates. C. To c

16、larify a recent blog posting. D. To talk more students into farming careers. 62. What do the underlined words “to turn around the statistics” in the last paragraph mean? A. To re?analyze the result of the national census. B. To increase agricultural production. C. To bring down the average age of fa

17、rmers. 7D. To invest more in agriculture. Keys: 59.A 60.D 62.C 1 不分主次,平均用力 拿到文章,不问体裁,不分主次,咬文嚼字,一读到底,是考生最常见的失误。 上例中阅读材料是社科类的文章。此类文章往往在第一段点出文章要讨论的话题,然后列举不同人的不同观点,最后一段多为“展望未来” 。考生如果一读到底,往往会被纷繁的事例和观点扰乱思绪,以致于抓不到文章主旨大意。 正确的做法是,在“速读全文,了解大意”时要抓住首尾段和段落首尾句,找到主题句:“The countrys farmers are getting older, and th

18、ere are fewer people standing in line to take their place.”然后带着问题,在原文中从前向后依次寻读。 不管是为了把握文章大意的预读还是带着问题查找原文的寻读,都要根据所读信息与文章大意或问题的相关性合理地变化阅读速度。遇到相关信息就放慢速度,仔细研读;无关信息则可以“该放手时就放手” 。 2 脱离原文,主观臆断 有些考生为了节省时间而不仔细地阅读原文,只是通过自己对某类知识的主观了解而凭空想象,这是一种本末倒置的做法。 在做上例中第 59 题时,考生往往会简单地根据自己的常识把“美国农业遇到新挑战”归因为“不断飙升的油价(Higher

19、fuel prices) ”或“越来越多的自然灾难(More natural disasters) ”而错选 B 项或8C 项。 细节理解题的选项是与文中的细节一一对应的,不能未经查阅细节的出处就依据自己的理解胡乱猜想,也不能未经认真辨析各选项与文中细节的异同就主观臆断。 3 脱离题干,定位不准 在带着问题寻读原文时,有些考生往往会脱离题干的要求,被原文中与题目一模一样的单词或短语所迷惑。 上例中第 60 题中的 A、B、C 选项的陈述都能在原文第二段中找到对应的语句,都与 Merrigan 访问各个大学有关,但都不是题干所要求的“Merrigan 访问各个大学的原因” 。其中 C 选项“To

20、 clarify a recent blog posting”仅仅是 Merrigan 访问大学时要做的事情,而不是访问大学的目的。 要想准确定位到相关信息句,就不能只看文中的只言片语,而要立足题干的要求,放眼上下文,结合文章主旨大意来判断。 4 似是而非,落入圈套 题目中提供的信息往往都是对原文中的对应细节信息的转换,而题目干扰项故意将细节信息中的范围、程度、语义色彩等改变,使信息的转换发生偏差,造成似是而非的假象。考生很容易疏忽信息转换的偏差,落入干扰项精心设置的陷阱。 上例中第 62 题中的 B 选项就和原文貌合神离,根据最后一段, “鼓励下一代从事农业”仅仅是为了“增加年轻农民的数量” ,而不是为了增加农业生产(To increase agricultural production) ,后者在对原9文信息进行转换时在程度和范围上发生了偏差。

展开阅读全文
相关资源
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 学术论文资料库 > 学科论文

Copyright © 2018-2021 Wenke99.com All rights reserved

工信部备案号浙ICP备20026746号-2  

公安局备案号:浙公网安备33038302330469号

本站为C2C交文档易平台,即用户上传的文档直接卖给下载用户,本站只是网络服务中间平台,所有原创文档下载所得归上传人所有,若您发现上传作品侵犯了您的权利,请立刻联系网站客服并提供证据,平台将在3个工作日内予以改正。