1、精品文档 你我共享腹有诗书气自华股权性质论文:制度背景、财务杠杆与企业投资【中文摘要】债务融资与投资支出的关系是财务理论的重要研究课题之一。传统财务理论认为负债融资与投资支出之间没有相关性,不管企业的财务状况如何,只要企业具备良好的投资机会就可以筹集到相应的资金满足其投资需要。现代财务理论基于委托一代理理论和信息不对称理论这两方面的考虑,认为财务杠杆水平会在一定程度上影响企业投资支出。关于债务融资对投资支出的影响作用,目前学术界主要存在着两种不同的观点:一方面,一些学者认为负债会迫使企业放弃净现值为正的投资项目,造成投资不足,表现为负债对正常投资的抑制作用;另一方面,有的学者认为负债能够约束企
2、业接受净现值为负的投资项目,即负债具有相机治理作用,表现为负债对过度投资的约束作用。对于上述理论观点,国外学者的实证研究大多验证了负债对过度投资具有约束作用,而国内学者的实证研究普遍不支持该观点。因此,进一步探索这一问题对于选择资本结构、规范企业投资行为既有理论意义又有实践意义。本文首先在文献梳理和理论分析的基础上构建负债影响企业投资行为的理论分析框架;其次,从我国特殊的制度背景出发,如上市公司大部分由国有企业改制而来,企业的债务主要来源于国有商业银行的贷款,政府对国有银行以及国有上市公司起着直接或间接的干预作用,此外,我国各地区的市场化进程存在明显的不一致,相比之下,东部沿海地区市场化进程较
3、高等。因此,我们采用银行借款与总资产的精品文档 你我共享腹有诗书气自华比值作为衡量财务杠杆水平的变量,分别从股权性质角度和市场化进程角度来考察财务杠杆与企业投资之间的关系。最后,实证研究中选取深、沪两市 2003 年至 2008 年 819 家上市公司的 3576 个样本观测值,在控制对投资有影响的托宾 Q 值、销售收入、自由现金流量等变量上的基础上,主要得出以下两方面的研究结论。一方面,就我国上市公司整体而言,企业的债务能够约束企业的过度投资,即财务杠杆与企业投资支出负相关。相对于非国有上市公司而言,国有上市公司财务杠杆对投资支出的敏感性较弱。此外,相对于成长性高和业绩好的上市公司而言,投资
4、支出对财务杠杆的约束作用在成长性低和业绩差的上市公司中的较显著。进一步研究发现,上市公司的国有性质弱化了财务杠杆对投资支出在低成长和业绩差的上市公司中约束作用。另一方面,上市公司所在地区的市场化程度越高,财务杠杆对投资支出的约束性作用较强。进一步研究发现,由市场化进程所导致的财务杠杆对企业投资支出的约束性作用在国有企业中较弱。本文的研究结论表明我国大部分上市公司存在着非效率投资行为,债务并没有完全发挥其硬的约束作用。【英文摘要】A cental issue in finance is whether leverage affects investment poilcies.Neoclassic
5、 finance theory maintains that leverage is irrelevant with investment. A firm with good projects can grow no matter how its capital structure is ,because it can always find funding to invest.Considering the informational asymmetries 精品文档 你我共享腹有诗书气自华andagency problems, modern finance theory accepts t
6、he view that leverage affects investment policies. However, there are also two sides about this view. On one side, the researchers think a firms debt induces under-investment because leverage prevents a firm from raising funds to finance positive net persent value(NPV)projects.Namely,leverage restra
7、ins a firms valuable investments. On the other side, the researchers think a firms debt has a disciplinary role on over-investment, because leverage pervents a firm fromaccepting negative NPV porjects.Meanwhile,there are different empirical research condusions.Although foreign researchers find that
8、leverage plays a disciplinary role, Chinese researchers almost dont find debts disciplinary role.Clarifying this point is important for choosing a firms capital structure and investment poilcies.The essay firstly construst its thoretical analysis structure about debts affects corporate investment on
9、 the basis of omnibus literature and thoretical analysis;secondly,considering our special market background,such as most listed companied were oriented from state companies,corporate debts roots in state commercial banks,government plays an indirecr or 精品文档 你我共享腹有诗书气自华direct role in state banks and
10、state listed companies,forthermore, the process of marketization is apparent different accounting to various district of our country,the eastern littoral has the higher marketizational process.Therefore,we choose the ratio of bank loan to total assets as the variable to weigh the leverage,from owner
11、ship propertiy and the process of marketization aspects to examine the relation between leverage and corporate investment.At last,based on 3576 listed companies data from 2003 to 2008 which are from shanghai and shenzhen exchange, after controlling for the variables that influence a firms investment
12、 such as Tobins Q, sales income and cash,the essay obtains two major research findings as follows.For one thing,as far as our all listed companies to be concerned,the relation between leverage and corporate investment is negative.The negative relation between leverage and investment is weaker in fir
13、ms with state ownership than in firms with non-state ownership.In addition,the negative relation between leverage and investment is stronger in firms with low growth opportunities and poor operating performance than in fims with high growth opportunities and good operating 精品文档 你我共享腹有诗书气自华performanc
14、e. Furthermore,the relationship between leverage and investment is weaker in firms with low growth opportunities and poor operating performance which have state ownership.For another,the he relationship between leverage and investment is weaker in firms with low market index than in firms with highe
15、r market index.The conclusion of this essay suggests that almost of listed companies in our countries exist non-efficency investment ,the debts donot exert its functions.Therefore, the writer suggests that we should also add the flexility of debt to advance the efficient corporate investments.Meanwh
16、ile, the” soft-budget” should be altered.【关键词】股权性质 市场化进程 财务杠杆 企业投资【英文关键词】owershiop property the process of marketization leverage corporate investment【目录】制度背景、财务杠杆与企业投资 摘要 5-6 Abstract 6 第一章 导论 8-24 1.1 研究背景和意义 8-10 1.1.1 研究背景 8-9 1.1.2 研究意义 9-10 1.2 概念范畴界定 10-12 1.3 文献综述 12-20 1.3.1 国外研究综述 14-16 1.
17、3.2 国内研究综述 16-20 1.4 研究方法、内容和论文框架 20-22 1.4.1 研究方法 20 精品文档 你我共享腹有诗书气自华1.4.2 研究内容和论文框架 20-22 1.5 本文的创新点 22-24 第二章 财务杠杆与公司投资行为的理论分析 24-27 2.1 基于信息不对称理论视角分析财务杠杆与公司投资行为的关系 24-25 2.2 基于委托代理理论视角分析财务杠杆与公司投资行为的关系 25-27 2.2.1 股东与经理之间的代理冲突 25-26 2.2.2 大股东与中、小股东的代理冲突 26-27 第三章 股权性质、财务杠杆与公司投资决策的实证检验 27-38 3.1 研
18、究假设 28-30 3.2 研究设计 30-32 3.2.1 数据来源及样本筛选 30 3.2.2 基本模型设定及变量的选取 30-32 3.3 描述性统计 32 3.4 实证检验与分析 32-35 3.5 稳定性检验 35-38 第四章 市场化进程、财务杠杆与公司投资决策的实证检验 38-49 4.1 研究假设 38-40 4.2 研究设计 40-42 4.2.1 数据来源及样本筛选 40 4.2.2 基本模型设定及变量的选取 40-42 4.3 描述性统计 42-43 4.4 实证检验与分析 43-45 4.5 稳定性检验 45-49 第五章 结论及启示 49-51 5.1 研究结论 49
19、 5.2 启示 49-51 参考文献 51-54 致谢 54-55 作者简介 55-56 导师评阅表 56 精品文档 你我共享腹有诗书气自华出师表两汉:诸葛亮先帝创业未半而中道崩殂,今天下三分,益州疲弊,此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内,忠志之士忘身于外者,盖追先帝之殊遇,欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听,以光先帝遗德,恢弘志士之气,不宜妄自菲薄,引喻失义,以塞忠谏之路也。宫中府中,俱为一体;陟罚臧否,不宜异同。若有作奸犯科及为忠善者,宜付有司论其刑赏,以昭陛下平明之理;不宜偏私,使内外异法也。侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等,此皆良实,志虑忠纯,是以先帝简拔以遗陛下:愚以为宫中之事,事无大小
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