1、is one of the practical form of values. The so-called values refers to the objective things are of no value and the value of fundamental perspective. Different values, peoples behaviour, attitudes, ways are different. People-oriented focus on human value and reality, we need the broadest masses as v
2、alues. Adhere to people-oriented values, is to make the economy more development, improve democracy, cultural prosperity, and live a happier; is deeply concerned that human development and human values, development of social and human development of rational unified, insisted in the material civiliz
3、ation, political civilization and spiritual civilization in the overall advancement of Socialist civilization to a higher level. Also want to see that persons value is not only meet your needs, also is to meet the needs of others and the community. Adhere to people-oriented, to strongly advocate eve
4、ry community member, serve others, beneficial to the community of people. The so-called Outlook, attitude is on the record, including who, how to create a record of achievements, how to evaluate performance, and so on. What values, what kind of Outlook. Adhere to people-oriented Outlook, is on the p
5、remise of respecting the interests and power of people, creating a popular, warm hearts, steady heart performance, creating “serve for one officer, the benefit of“ achievements, and overall construction of well-off society and promoting the all-round development of peoples performance. Achievement e
6、valuation in both economic accomplishments, take another look at the effectiveness of social progress; changes in both urban and rural change; both hard environment to strengthen and take another look at the soft environment improvement momentum of development at present, depending on the potential
7、for sustainable development. Leave people to talk about “values“ are worthless and leave people to talk about “Outlook“ is not what the performance. 4. people responded to the starting point of the question, and replied to questions point. Man is the sum of social relationships. We cannot leave the
8、chichuanyongdu, housing, tourism and entertainment, entertaining, and even certain political, economic, cultural and social environment, and so on. Due to human needs, all walks of life will come into being. People create for their survival, and continue enjoying the results of the construction. Col
9、orful in the transformation of the people of the world, community vitality in the creation of man. Therefore, any work we do, the starting point is human, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the needs of people, including survival needs, emotional needs and self-ac
10、tualization needs. It should be noted that people are not machines, not the slave of an object, not to be controlled. People have their own personality, has its own personality, has its own dignity. Person in need of care, you need to understand, need to meet. It is said that in the “agricultural so
11、ciety, people plant“; in “industrial society, man is an animal“; “the information society, returnNow, we are in a new historical stage of all-round construction of a well-off society. In perform duties, and carried out work of process in the, we to put people as a guide principles, and a test standa
12、rd, efforts from masses most hope do of things do up, from masses most care of hot problem grabbed, from masses most not satisfaction of place modified up, not make nominal of formalism, not do grandstanding of cosmetic, to seeking of style, help masses share, is people benefit. (C) the investee peo
13、ple is not only an idea, it is a job requirement. Philosophy through to the people-oriented thought in the work of the Office, must be clear work objectives. Party Office in the city this year remains: Advanced civil strife, local brand. The County (City) Party Committee offices and units directly u
14、nder the Office to hold high the banner of first to excellence, people-oriented requirements, strengthen the construction and management of the Office towards the work “a higher level“. Investee 1. political participation based on conspiracy to adhere to people-oriented, will be around to promote co
15、ordinationDevelopment events, great searchings. The 16 session of the partys scientific Outlook on development, is the new Central collective leadership to the development of connotation, development essentials, further deepen the essence of development and innovation, is our partys ruling idea a le
16、ap. At present, establishing and implementing the scientific concept of development has become the partys important work. As the Office of party Committee, working party should service center, initiative to claim leadership of the decision, the current focus is to focus on promoting comprehensive, c
17、oordinated and sustainable development with more suggestions, do more research, summarized the typical. One is drafted to raise the level of your presentation. Your presentation is the main Office of “products“, is the basic carrier staff service, is important to measure service levels. The quality
18、of your presentation, mainly depends on how much we drafted a document recognized by the leadership, how many are listening to the people in favour of the report, how many paid dividends in the practical work. Improve presentation drafting level, requirements we accurate grasp led intent, General le
19、d care of work are to as understand, General led consider of problem are to in-depth thinking; requirements we highlight place features, put superior approach policy and local actual combined up, put presentation of theme thrust and masses of by thought by wants to combined up; requirements we seeks
20、 to streamlined clear, with simple of language expression deep of thought, with short of length hosted rich of connotation. Second, the survey results more. Investigation of the base, the road to success is something, is our for the Party Committees policy decision a good idea, an important part of
21、a good staff. This year, to focus around industrial XING city, and farmers increase, and and manpower development, and seeking, major problem and foster advantage industry, and adjustment agricultural structure, and carried质疑式教学的研究与实践一、研究背景（一）国际数学课堂改革的现状与发展趋势（1）课堂内容的综合性强调数学课堂内容与其他学科内容的整合数学综合性和开放性是当前
22、数学课堂改革的重点，也是未来发展趋势。例如，1982 年，英国国家教学委员会发表了题为数学算数（Mathematics Counts）的报告，这是英国数学教学改革的纲领性文件。报告强调，“课程内容应从现实生活题材中引入数学，加强数学和其他科目的联系，打破传统格局和学科限制，允许在数学课中研究与数学有关的其他问题”。1998 年，日本文部省发布的第七次中、小学学习指导纲要也强调，“要新增设综合学习，综合学习也称为课题学习，它通过学生综合数学知识或者综合数学知识与其它知识来解决一个研究课题”。（2）课堂价值的应用性强调数学知识的应用性和实践性数学是一门应用性强的学科。当前，重视数学知识的应用性和实
23、践性成为国际数学教育改革的一个基本趋势。例如，美国国家数学教师理事会（National Council of Teachers of Mathematics，NCTM）1989 年颁布的数学课程标准和 2000 年颁布的数学课程标准的基本特点之一都是强调数学应用。日本的数学课程设置了综合课题学习，也体现了对数学知识综合应用的关注。英国提出培养学生应用能力途径，由低年级起就对儿童进行应用能力系统训练，学生在处理实际问题、进行合作交流等活动中发展数学应用能力。（3）课堂教学的主体性强调数学课程主体性教学活动的设计主体性教学活动，实质上是提倡学生在“做中学” ，重视数学学习过程是一个实践、探索、体验
24、的过程。例如：以课题覆盖大纲的策略就是英国数学教学一种重要的教学策略，教师以教学目标的某一项及学习大纲的某个水平为出发点，组织学生学习活动。日本第七次中、小学学习指导纲要也指出“数学课程要安排多种可供学生选择的数学活动，如探究数学的某个内容或者专题等” 。（4）教学方式的信息化强调信息技术与数学课程的整合在数学课程改革中，如何将信息技术应用于数学教育日益成为关注的焦点。例如，英国国家数学课程标准要求“给学生提供适当的机会来发展并应用信息技术学习数学的能力”。美国 2000 年标准强调科学技术在数学课程中的重要地位，强调科学技术与数学教学过程相结合，使得教师懂得怎样在教学实践中去运用信息科技。2
25、、国内数学课堂改革的现状与发展趋势通过归纳总结，目前信息技术与中小学数学课程整合的教学模式主要有问题讲授型教学模式和实验探究型教学模式两种。这与美国著名的数学教育家斯丁格勒和希伯特，曾于 1999 年出版的教学的差距所提出的数学教学模式有所不同。在书中，他们强调教学活动的系统性并以此为角度进行分析，提出三种不同的数学教学模式，即德国的教师主导下的知识发展（developing advanced procedure）（1、复习；2、点明主题；3、数学知识或技能的发展；4、练习） ；日本的教师指导下的主动探索（structured problem solving） （1、复习；2、点明主题，在此通
26、常是指给出挑战性的问题；3、学生的主动探索；4、讨论，在这一过程中教师常常作出必要的总结和说明；5、对学习的要点进行归纳和总结） ；美国的机械学习（learning terms and practicing procedures） （1、复习；2、教师的示范，即是直接指明如何求解所面临的问题；3、练习；4、对学生的练习进行纠错并布置家庭作业） 。以下是信息技术与中小学数学课程整合两种教学模式的具体分析与说明。质疑精神，也可以说 critical thinking，在中美两国的教育中体现得尤为明显。这两种教育模式也几乎代表了世界上主要的教育模式的发展方向，而这两种模式也各有is one of t
27、he practical form of values. The so-called values refers to the objective things are of no value and the value of fundamental perspective. Different values, peoples behaviour, attitudes, ways are different. People-oriented focus on human value and reality, we need the broadest masses as values. Adhe
28、re to people-oriented values, is to make the economy more development, improve democracy, cultural prosperity, and live a happier; is deeply concerned that human development and human values, development of social and human development of rational unified, insisted in the material civilization, poli
29、tical civilization and spiritual civilization in the overall advancement of Socialist civilization to a higher level. Also want to see that persons value is not only meet your needs, also is to meet the needs of others and the community. Adhere to people-oriented, to strongly advocate every communit
30、y member, serve others, beneficial to the community of people. The so-called Outlook, attitude is on the record, including who, how to create a record of achievements, how to evaluate performance, and so on. What values, what kind of Outlook. Adhere to people-oriented Outlook, is on the premise of r
31、especting the interests and power of people, creating a popular, warm hearts, steady heart performance, creating “serve for one officer, the benefit of“ achievements, and overall construction of well-off society and promoting the all-round development of peoples performance. Achievement evaluation i
32、n both economic accomplishments, take another look at the effectiveness of social progress; changes in both urban and rural change; both hard environment to strengthen and take another look at the soft environment improvement momentum of development at present, depending on the potential for sustain
33、able development. Leave people to talk about “values“ are worthless and leave people to talk about “Outlook“ is not what the performance. 4. people responded to the starting point of the question, and replied to questions point. Man is the sum of social relationships. We cannot leave the chichuanyon
34、gdu, housing, tourism and entertainment, entertaining, and even certain political, economic, cultural and social environment, and so on. Due to human needs, all walks of life will come into being. People create for their survival, and continue enjoying the results of the construction. Colorful in th
35、e transformation of the people of the world, community vitality in the creation of man. Therefore, any work we do, the starting point is human, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the needs of people, including survival needs, emotional needs and self-actualization
36、 needs. It should be noted that people are not machines, not the slave of an object, not to be controlled. People have their own personality, has its own personality, has its own dignity. Person in need of care, you need to understand, need to meet. It is said that in the “agricultural society, peop
37、le plant“; in “industrial society, man is an animal“; “the information society, returnNow, we are in a new historical stage of all-round construction of a well-off society. In perform duties, and carried out work of process in the, we to put people as a guide principles, and a test standard, efforts
38、 from masses most hope do of things do up, from masses most care of hot problem grabbed, from masses most not satisfaction of place modified up, not make nominal of formalism, not do grandstanding of cosmetic, to seeking of style, help masses share, is people benefit. (C) the investee people is not
39、only an idea, it is a job requirement. Philosophy through to the people-oriented thought in the work of the Office, must be clear work objectives. Party Office in the city this year remains: Advanced civil strife, local brand. The County (City) Party Committee offices and units directly under the Of
40、fice to hold high the banner of first to excellence, people-oriented requirements, strengthen the construction and management of the Office towards the work “a higher level“. Investee 1. political participation based on conspiracy to adhere to people-oriented, will be around to promote coordinationD
41、evelopment events, great searchings. The 16 session of the partys scientific Outlook on development, is the new Central collective leadership to the development of connotation, development essentials, further deepen the essence of development and innovation, is our partys ruling idea a leap. At pres
42、ent, establishing and implementing the scientific concept of development has become the partys important work. As the Office of party Committee, working party should service center, initiative to claim leadership of the decision, the current focus is to focus on promoting comprehensive, coordinated
43、and sustainable development with more suggestions, do more research, summarized the typical. One is drafted to raise the level of your presentation. Your presentation is the main Office of “products“, is the basic carrier staff service, is important to measure service levels. The quality of your pre
44、sentation, mainly depends on how much we drafted a document recognized by the leadership, how many are listening to the people in favour of the report, how many paid dividends in the practical work. Improve presentation drafting level, requirements we accurate grasp led intent, General led care of w
45、ork are to as understand, General led consider of problem are to in-depth thinking; requirements we highlight place features, put superior approach policy and local actual combined up, put presentation of theme thrust and masses of by thought by wants to combined up; requirements we seeks to streaml
46、ined clear, with simple of language expression deep of thought, with short of length hosted rich of connotation. Second, the survey results more. Investigation of the base, the road to success is something, is our for the Party Committees policy decision a good idea, an important part of a good staf
47、f. This year, to focus around industrial XING city, and farmers increase, and and manpower development, and seeking, major problem and foster advantage industry, and adjustment agricultural structure, and carried2利弊。美国式的教育注重培养学生的开放型思维和质疑精神，鼓励学生质疑他们所学到的东西，但是忽略了基础知识的传授；中国学生则具备扎实的理论基础，踏实严谨的求学态度，但在开放型思维
48、和独立思考的能力方面还有一定欠缺。目前在国际上很多的数学课堂都是开放式的如新加坡、澳大利亚等，都是以学生的问题为主线，师生讨论展开的，可以称得上是质疑式教学。国内环境：全日制义务教育数学课程标准（修改稿） 中对学生的培养目标在具体表述上做了修改，提出了“四基”：基础知识、基本技能、基本思想和基本活动经验；提出了“两能”：发现问题和提出问题的能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力。在国内关于质疑方面的研究大部分是以个人的形式进行的，没有大面积的参与，在教学改革中没有产生大的影响。目前主要研究成果有：(一)有关质疑的理论研究1.质疑的内涵教育大辞典认为，质疑(questioning)是学习方式之一。学生在
49、课内外向教师提出学习中的疑难问题，要求解释或解答。同时，教师也可以向学生提出问题，进行反话，以促使学生积极思考，进一步深化学习。 1辞海认为，质疑指提出疑问，请人解答疑难。如：质疑问难。 汉书陈遵传:“辣( 张谏 )居贫，无宾客，时时好事者从之质疑问事，论道经书而已。 ”2从词义上看，“质疑”是指提出疑问(不强调是否求解，仅强调“提出问题”这一行为本身)或请人解答疑难( 有较为明确的求解对象和求解行为，比单纯地“提出问题”更深一步)。具体到教育场域， “质疑”既可指学生向教师提出问题、请求释疑，又可指教师向学生提出问题、促其思考，突出强调“质疑”是一种学习方式，一种教学策略。刘妙龙在数学学习中的质疑与再认一文中认为，质疑就是用质问、怀疑、探索的眼光去思考问题，它是体验数学知识发生过程的一种思维方式.通过质疑，能把模糊的、隐含的、间接的关系推进到明晰的、透明的、直接的关系，也就是说，通过质疑，再认其问题的实质.这里的再认有两种形式，一是进一步认识自己所认识的知识或问题;二是认识前人或他人的经验。华东师大杨倩在语文教学的“质疑”研究新课程下师生发展的视点一文中参考上述定义，认为质疑是指在语文教学过程中，学生提出疑难问题或对某一既定结论进行重审后提出自己的新观点。主要表
