1、 专题 20 校园学习话题指导实例指导 1毕业晚会本文写作的中心是围绕“如何举办即将到来的毕业晚会”这个主题来展开，属于记叙文范畴，所以应该使用一般将来时态来表述观点，人称上应以第一人称为主。2. 提炼要点：本篇习作的要点有两个：第一，对参加者的描述；第二，对整个晚会的设计。通过对作文要点的分析，更有利于我们设计文章的整体结构。3. 理清层次：为了保证层次间在意义上的连贯以及自然的过渡，适量衔接词的使用在本文的写作中是必不可少的。比如在描述如何举办晚会时，可以运用一下表示顺序的过渡词语，如：At first, then, at last 等；举例说明时可用：such as, besides,
2、as well as 等。4写作思路1） 遣词：词汇的选择与运用是书面表达考查的重要内容，单纯地使用常见的普通词汇无法使写作水平提高。我们应该在避免生僻词汇的基础上合理、恰当地学习使用高级词汇与短语，特别是写作内容中所涉及的修饰语成分，比如形容词、数词和副词。如：Make the party goodmake the party unforgettableThe good friendshipthe lifelong friendshipFor startingfor the opening Be overcome to an endBe necessarycant be left outTr
3、y to dospare no effort to do文章中可能用到的其他词汇和短语有：concerned, support, headteacher, prepared, performance, crosstalk, include, delicious, highlight, play a leading role, as well as, such as, besides, last but not least, leave out, because of, after all, take photos, take part in.2） 构句：在表达不同的要点时，应注意句式多变，活用
4、语法，避免单一化。比如，擅用各类复合句、非谓语动词、倒装句、介词结构等来恰当衔接各个简单句，才能体现较高的英语构句水平。比如：1）As far as I am concerned, we students should play a leading role to make the party unforgettable. 使用了特殊句式 As far as I am concerned。2）Because of the lifelong friendship, teachers will be invited as well as our parents who support us so
5、strongly. 在这个句子中使用了地道英文短语和 who 引导的定语从句。3）As you can see, the farewell party means so much that we will spare no effort to do well. 这个句子中运用了 so that 引导的结果状语从句。4）As you know, how to plan the party is the most important question. 疑问词加不定式作主语。3）谋篇：写作的篇章要求是文通理顺、前后衔接自然而不突兀，因此我们在组合所有的要点时，不能单纯地将句子堆砌在一起，而应该挑选
6、适合本文的衔接词，以达到意义连贯的目的。另外当文章基本完成时要再次通读全文，检查文章中有没有拼写和语法错误，内容要点是否齐全等。实例指导 2校园帮派类【写作任务】为预防和控制青少年违法犯罪，我国于 1999 年颁布了、 中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法 ，对此问题予以了相当程度的重视。但是由于各种原因，青少年违法犯罪现象仍然大量存在，而且往往与校园帮派有着千丝万缕的联系；那么我们该如何看待校园帮派现象呢?针对此问题，请你用英语写一篇词数为120-150 的英语短文投给学英语报社发表自己的看法：参考词汇： 帮派：gang 恐吓、威逼：bully 【写作指导】本写作任务是一篇议论体裁的文章。写作时
7、要注意论点、论据和论证方法。题月要求写一篇文章向报社反映目前中学校园中存在的“帮派”现象，这个话题对大多数学生来说并不陌生。班级中校园中目前存在的“帮派”现象比较严重，少则几人，多则几十人、几百人。 “帮派”的存在严重威胁到校园秩序。学生加入帮派，一部分是出于自愿，既有讲江湖义气，加入帮会以壮大“小圈子”势力的，也有经常受欺负、希望加入帮会后有帮派中的“大佬”(或者“大哥”)为其How to View Gangs in Schools?It must be pointed out that gangs made up of several boys or girls, the number o
8、f which sometimes even reaches up to several hundred, can be widely seen among middle school students. Not only does a gang have bad effects on students, but also it affects the normal teaching order at school. Most of the gang members are students who are, aggressive and prefer to smoke, drink and
9、play computer games rather than study. Some are willing to join in the gang in order to strengthen the power of their own circles; others just want to get protection from “The Elder Brother“of the gang and still some are forced to do so. Experts suggest that these students be guided correctly in ord
10、er to avoid them doing harm to society.I think that teenagers should put their time and energy mainly into study. Avoiding joining m any gang means avoiding committing crimes later on 【教师点评】这是一篇以议论为主的书面表达，全文共分三段。第一段作为引子提出“校园帮派”存在的现象， 用非常肯定的句型：It mustbe pointed out that gangs can be widely seen among
11、 middle school students， ；第二段分析“帮派”成员特点和他们加入“帮派”的不同原因，并用一句话. Experts suggest that these students be guided correctly in order to avoid them doing harm to society.得处“帮派”现象的存在是危险的这一结论；第三段对“帮派”是否应该存在这一现象发表自己的看法。整篇文章符合高分书面表达的特性： 1、段落完整，层次分明2、语法正确，用词恰当3、表达个人观点。具有一定的思想性句型的使用符合以下几个原则：1、倒装句原则 2、定语从句原则3、并列复合
12、句原则 4、虚拟语气句原则5；高级词语原则(动名词作主语和宾语)【佳句欣赏】1） Not only does a gang have bad effects on students, but also it affects the normal teaching order at school. （倒装句）2) Most of the gang members are students who are, aggressive and prefer to smoke, drink and play computer games rather than study. (定语从句)3）Experts
13、 suggest that these students be guided correctly in order to avoid them doing harm to society. （suggest 引导的虚拟语气的宾语从句）4） Some are willing to join in the gang in order to strengthen the power of their own circles; others just want to get protection from “The Elder Brother“of the gang and still some ar
14、e forced to do so. （并列复合句）5） Avoiding joining m any gang means avoiding committing crimes later on （动名词短语作主语和宾语）实例指导 3早恋现象【写作任务】如今中学生早恋现象在校园黑出现的越来越多。有的人认为应该制止；有的人认为没有必要干涉，只要不影响正常学习即可。作为中学生，你如何正确看待这个问题? 请你写一篇 120-150 词的英语短文来陈述你的观点或看法。参考词汇：早恋 puppy love写作指导 把更多的经理放在学习上， ，这样写起来就会有条不紊、条理清楚、详略得当，使所写的文章中心
15、突出。3 在写作时要住意使用衔接成分使上下文过渡自然，【学生习作】 【教师点评】1. 本篇习作基本完成了写作任务，并且文章结构合理。第一段直接点题，提出中半生早 恋现象越来越多，第二段分三部分叙述了早恋带来的问题。第三部分阐述自己的观点：中学生应该把更多的精力放在学习上。2. 从本篇习作看。作者的语言表达能力功底深厚，例如：文章使用了一些高级词汇，增加 了文章的亮点，使文章增色不少例如：介词 concerning，动词短语引 distractfrom, concentrate on 以及 make+宾语十宾语补足语结构：，最后一段使用了 It is urgent 句型以及倒 装，增强了文章的表
16、现力。3从文章结构上来讲，三部分安排合理，有效地使用了过渡性词语使文章结构紧凑，语言连贯、文章的不足之处在于有明显的语法错误。实例指导 4中学生是否可以穿时尚的服装写作任务:假如你是某中学的学生,最近在你们班的英语班会上就“中学生是否可以穿时尚的服装？“的问题展开了讨论。请你根据下表的讨论结果,给你校校报“ 英文写作“栏目投稿,客观地介绍讨论的情况。(词数:不少于 120)意见60的同学认为不可以穿时髦的衣服40的同学认为应该穿时髦的衣服原因1. 价格昂贵，而学生没有经济收入；(1). 好看，时尚；(2). 追求时尚会牵扯精力，影响学习；2. 作为当代的年轻人不应该太保守，应适应时代的发展；3
17、. 学生应该穿着朴素，时髦的服饰不符合中学生身份。4. “爱美之心人皆有之” ，追求美是中学生的权力。写作分析:1. 根据写作任务得知,本文要求大家写一篇论说文,介绍关于时尚服饰穿着的讨论结果。全篇文章应该以一般现在时为主,人称宜使用第一人称。2. 可将文章分为三部分,第一部分介绍论题,第二部分介绍关于时尚服饰穿着的正反两方面意见,第三部分总结讨论结果。3. 正反观点可以用以下短语:on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary 等等。表述每个观点的逻辑关系时,可运用以下连词。表并列关系:and, or, not only .but al
18、so；表转折关系:but, yet; 表因果关系:because, as, since。初稿: One day we had a discussion about whether students should wear fashionable clothes. 60% of the students are against the idea. They said, “Fashionable clothes are too expensive and we havent made money yet. We teenagers should put our hearts into study.
19、 Going after the fashion will waste our time and it will have a bad effect on our study. We should be dressed in a simple way, and fashionable clothes dont fit in with the environment at school.“40% of the students said, “We can wear fashionable clothes, because they are good-looking and popular. As
20、 a young student in China, one should follow the fashion of the modern life.“ They also think that they have right to enjoy their beauty.教师点评:本篇作文条理清晰,明确表达了两种观点及其原因。但也有不足之处:1. 作者只是将写作任务中的表格提示做了字面上翻译,语言略显生硬。2. 在文章结尾处没有写出全班一致的意见。教师点评:1. 作者将要点整合,准确地表达了复杂的逻辑关系,条理清晰,使文章浑然一体。2. 在文章中使用了一些恰到好处的复杂句式,句型富于变化,主
21、动被动交替使用,例如:60% of the students, who are against wearing fashionable clothes, said . / We are expected to dress simply . 表现出作者很好的语言功底。Powerful Sentences:(关于议论文的句式和结构)1. Nowadays, some may hold the opinion that . But others have a different attitude. As far as I am concerned . My arguments are as foll
22、ows .2. Faced with this problem, quite a few people argue that . but others think differently. 3. Now growing numbers of people are coming to realize that .实例指导 5-Ought to read too many fantasy stories for teenagers?【写作任务】随着科技和社会的发展，人们的想象力越来越丰富，随之而来的便是越来越多的科幻小说问世。科幻小说以其紧张、新奇、刺激的情节极大地吸引着人们的眼球，尤其是青少年和
23、在校的中小学生，有的同学看科幻小说着了迷，甚至耽误了学习，荒废了学业。不过，有的同学也不以为然。请以 Ought to read too many fantasy stories for teenagers?为题，写一篇 120 词左右的文章发表你的看法。注意行文连贯流畅，内容充实完整参考词汇：1. vulgar 粗俗；2. creativity 创造力【写作指导】从内容和要求来看，本文是要求写一篇议论性的叙述文。此类文体要求同学们在仔细审题后按照题目的提示和要求，全面准确地表达出必要的信息。这篇文章可分为四部分来写：一是给出文章的中心即人们争论的焦点。二是叙述反对多看科幻小说这部分人的观点和
24、理由。三是叙述赞同学生多看科幻小说这部分的观点和理由。四是叙述自己的观点和看法。文章主要是叙述当前人们对学生多看还是还是少看科幻小说的两种看法，因而应主要使用一般现在时，可以辅以一般将来时。也可使用 should, can, ought to等情态动词。此文所涉及的词汇和句型有：1. nowadays2. as a result3. put out4. considering5. aim6. in ones opinion7. too many8. absorb9. as a consequence 10. lead to11. mental health12. scores of13. ba
25、se on14. broaden15. in terms of16. as for17. as well18. personally19. focus 天星教育网，因你而精彩！版权所有，侵权必究！本卷第 9 页（共 17 页）【组词成句】根据构思和文章大意使用上述词汇和正确的句型将各要点表达出来，注意谓语动词的适当变化形式，以增加语言的表达力；还可以使用不同的句型结构特别是高级句型，如简单句、并列句、复合句（宾语从句、非限制性定于从句）等；另外，也可以使用一些比较复杂的语法现象，如介词短语（做后置定语、方式状语） 、不定式（做宾语） 、动名词（做主语、宾语）等，使文章更加出彩。1. Peop
26、le develop their imagination quickly.2. More and more fantasy stories have been put out.3. Teenagers cant read too many fantasy stories as they like.4. Reading fantasy stories takes many students a great deal of time and energy.5. Some teenagers are too ridiculous that they are completely absorbed i
27、n fantasy stories. 6. Scores of students think it right for teenagers to read fantasy stories.7. They think that such stories are based on science fiction.8. Reading them increases our knowledge and broadens our mind 9. It also gives us some new ways to look at old situations and makes us look at th
28、e world in terms of centuries, not just six months or five years.10. Important as study is, it is not the only thing we can do.Ought to read too many fantasy stories for teenagers?Nowadays, with the development of the technology and society, people develop their imagination quickly. As a result, mor
29、e and more fantasy stories have been put out. Is it right for the middle school students to read as many fantasy stories as possible?Considering the main aim for a student, some students dont think so. In their opinion, teenagers cant read too many fantasy stories as they like. Its reported that rea
30、ding fantasy stories takes many students a great deal of time and energy. Whats more, some teenagers are too ridiculous that they are completely absorbed in fantasy stories, as a consequence they ignore their studies. Even worse, some fantasy stories are too vulgar, which can be harmful for the teen
31、agers mental health. However, scores of students think it right for teenagers to read more fantasy stories. They think that such stories are based on the science fiction, which can lead the direction of science. Reading them still increases their knowledge and broadens their mind. It also gives them
32、 some new ways to look at old situations and makes them look at the world in terms of centuries, not just six months or five years.Personally, although it is a good way for teenagers to develop our imagination and creativity, as middle school students, we must first focus on studies and put more 天星
33、教育网，因你而精彩！版权所有，侵权必究！本卷第 10 页（共 17 页）effort into our schoolwork.【佳句背诵】1. As middle school students, learning more knowledge is our first aim.2. To read many fantasy stories will surely have much influence on their studies.3. Its said that the some young girls are absorbed in fantasy stories, thus the
34、y ignore their studies.4. As middle school students, they should concentrate on their studies at present.5. Reading fantasy stories can enrich our knowledge and broaden our mind.6. Although it is a good way for teenagers to develop their imagination and creativity, as middle school students, they mu
35、st first focus on studies and put more effort into their schoolwork.实例指导 6选择高考志愿真题展示 下表是你根据平时了解所得到的中国高三学生选择高考志愿的信息。请你根据该表用英语写一篇 150 词左右的简要介绍，向编辑部反映该情况。 解题步骤 第一步 仔细审题，确立主题，明确要求审题是写好书面表达题的基础。通过仔细审题，旨在完成五项任务：一定写作体裁，二定写作人称，三定写作时态，四定写作主题，五明写作要求。根据表外文字提示可以确定：写作主要人称为第三人称“students ”，字数 150左右，不需要写标题，为短文格式。在时
36、态的确定方面，特定时间用过去时态，经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时态，此题讲述的是一般情况，故以一般现在时态为主。第二步 围绕主题，提炼要点，编拟提纲1全文主题句：中国高三学生对选择高考志愿持不同观点。2. 段落主题句：约 35%的同学认为选择志愿应以个人兴趣为主。下述展开句为：兴趣是成功之母；被迫学自己不感兴趣的专业是痛苦的。（展开句与主题句是因果关系）3. 段落主题句：约 45%的同学认为选择高考志愿.应以社会需要为主。下述展开句为：选择好的志愿将来容易找到工作；兴趣可以培养和改变。（展开句与主题句是因果关系）4. 段落主题句：约 20%的同学认为如何选择高考志愿是一难题。下述展开句为：选择高考志愿时应听从父母或老师的意见。第三步 分析要点及提纲，提炼关键单词和短语。
