1、1九年级英语讲义Unit 10 You re supposed to shake handsSection A一短语积累1.be supposed to do 被期望做，应该 2.shake hands 握手3be expected to do 被期望做某事 4.for the first time 第一次 5. greet sb. in the wrong way 以错误的方式问候某6.make some new friends 交一些新朋友 7.as soon as 一就8.each other 相互 9.hold out my hand 伸出我的手10to ones surprise 令
2、人惊讶的是 11be relaxed about 对随意12rush around 匆匆访问 13.everyday life 日常生活14. drop by 顺便拜访 15make plans to do sth. 制定计划做某事16. as.as sb. can= as.as possible 尽可能17. walk around 四处走走18. on time 准时 19. after all 毕竟20ask/ invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 21at noon 在中午22get mad 生气 23make an effort to do sth. 千方百计做
3、某事 24Without doing sth.没有做某事25avoid heavy traffic 避开繁忙的交通26Its no big deal.这没有什么大不了的 27 go abroad 出国28take off 脱下（反义短语：put on ）、起飞 29table manners 餐桌礼仪二重难点解析1. be ( not ) supposed to do sth.suppose v. “认定；假定”的意思，这里用的是被动形式，表示：被 (不被)期望 /（不）应该做某事强调礼仪中该做与不该做的，用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，意思可以相当于should Youre suppose
4、d to kiss. = You should kiss. You are not supposed to smoke here.= You shouldnt smoke here. It is supposed to be very hot there.据说，大家认为那儿很热。复习 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做2. You should have asked what you were supposed to wearshould have done这是虚拟语气的一种表达方式，虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假想、建议等。3. Where Im from, w
5、ere pretty relaxed about time.在我们那个地方，我们的时间观念比较随意。* Where Im from 是地点状语从句，where 为引导词， “在的地方”Where theres a will, there is a way.* relaxed 放松的，通常用来修饰人 ; relaxing，令人放松的，则修饰物2The trip was relaxing, so he felt relaxed.4. Its Okay if you arrive a bit late.如果你稍微迟一点还行。a bit 在此作状语修饰 late,表示“稍微，一点儿” ，可以与 a l
6、ittle 互用，既可修饰形容词、副词的比较级，也可以修饰原级。Shes feeling a bit tired.a bit of 与 a little 可互换用，用于修饰不可数名词注意：not a bit= not at all 表示一点也不，而 not a little = very/ very much 许多，很，不只一点点Are you tired? No, not a bit.你累吗？ 一点也不累！He gives me not a little trouble.他给我带来许多麻烦！5. We value the time we spend with family and frien
7、ds in our everyday lives.我们珍惜在我们的日常生活中与家人、朋友一起共度的时光。横线处是一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词 time.关系代词 that 在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。Value vt. 重视；珍视 I value friendship very highly. n. 价值 Such a magazine has little value except when you have time to kill.adj. valuable“贵重的，重要的；有益的，有用的 ”spend time with sb. “和某人一起 度过时光”He usually spend
8、s time with his children on weekends.6. We often just drop by our friends homes if we have time.drop by 偶然拜访 drop in on sb. 顺便访问某人Some friends dropped by to see me yesterday.Would you drop in on us this evening for a chat ?7. We dont usually have to make plans to meet our friends.make a plan / plans
9、 to do 计划做We made a plan to go hiking yesterday.We have made plans for the holidays.plan 还可以作为动词，如计划做某事，用 plan to do sth / plan on doing sth.Were planning to visit Tibet this summer.Dont plan on visiting Beijing in winter, because its too windy and cold.make plans/ a plan to do sth. 计划做某事plan to do
10、sth.8. Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of my friends as we can.划线处为现在分词短语作伴随状语，说明谓语动作发生时，另一个动作也在发生。The teacher came into the classroom, holding a book in his hand.walk around, around 是介词，四处，遍及的意思。look around 四处看看 go around 四处逛show sb. around 带某人参观 follow sb. around 四处跟着某人ge
11、t around 观光，游览* asas, 中间用形容词、副词的原级He is as tall as he used to be.Please come here as quickly as possible.当 asas 用于否定句中时，还可以用 soasasas sb. can/could 尽可能asas possible3I hope youll write as soon as you can.9. In Switzerland, its very important to be on time.it 用作形式主语，代替了真正的主语 to be 这一不定式，不定式可以作主语，但往往用
12、it作形式主语来代替。To help others is good when they are in trouble.Its good to help others when they are in trouble.on time 准 时 in tie 及 时 10.We are the capital of clocks and watches, after all.毕竟我们是钟表之都the capital of 的首都 Beijing is the capital of China.after all 毕竟，终究 He succeeded after all.11.If youre eve
13、n 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad. get mad 大动肝火，气愤( 强调动作和过程)be mad 感觉很生气(表示状态)be/ get mad at /with sb.生某人的气= be/ get angry with sb.be/ get mad about sth. 因某事而生气12. So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends.make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事effort 名词，努力，尽力 All their efforts were
14、in vain. 他们的努力全都白费了。13. I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic because I think its impolite to keep others waiting.我总是早早离开家以避免交通拥挤，因为我认为让别人等待是不礼貌的。划线部分是一个原因状语从句，其中又含有一个宾语从句。Its politerude/ impolite to do sth. 做某事是有礼貌的/不礼貌的这个句式和以前接触过的句式类似，形式主语是 it，后面的动词不定式是真正的主语。Its rude to point at an
15、yone with your chopsticks.Its polite to say hello to your parents when you leave for school.keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事keep (on) doing sth. 一直做某事keep sb. from doing sth.= stop sb.(from) doing sth.= prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事其他短语：keep away from 与保持距离 keep out of 阻止进入keep off远离，避开 keep+ adj
16、. 保持（某种状态）keep+n.+adj. 使保持（某种状态）keep a pet 饲养一个宠物14. Also, we never visit friends house without calling first.without 是介词，后接名词或动名词，是“没有”之意，表示伴随情况或条件，在句子中作状语，与 with 是反义词 Can you do it without any help?He left without saying goodbye.15. clean off 把擦掉 4out 把内部彻底打扫干净up 打扫干净16.you are supposed to / are e
17、xpected to knock before entering.=befor you enter.(时间状语)knock vi. 敲门，其后常接介词 at/onv. 碰撞， knock into 与相撞； knock down 撞到n. 敲击声；敲击 There is a knock at the door.三语法精讲：动词不定式动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用 to，这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是 not+（to+）动词原形 。1、动词不定式的句法功能功能 例句 说明主语 To speak English is not eas
18、y for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式，常常用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语 What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 只能做某些动
19、词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在 make，let ，see，hear，watch 等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略 to。定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1. 不定式作主语动
20、词不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为： It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+ 动词不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well.Its important for us to protect the environment.注意：在 kind，good ，nice，clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用 for 而用 of。如：Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。Its very clev
21、er of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。2. 不定式作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect 等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？在 find, think，feel, make 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用 it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day.
22、 5常见的一些不带 to 的动词不定式Why not do., Why dont you do., had better（not）do., would rather do,could/would/will you please（not）do.I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。既可接动词不定式又可以接 ing 形式作宾语，意思差别不大的动词有 begin, start,like, love, hate 等。Then I start to watch English-language TV.I like to eat vegetables.3. 不定
23、式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略 to。这些动有：一感（feel ）、二听（ hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（lo
24、ok at, see, watch, notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上 to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4. 不定式作定语不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后 。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。5.不定式作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。I came here to see you . (目的)We were ve
25、ry excited to hear the news. (原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there. (结果)6.不定式作表语My job is to help the patient.7.不定式常和疑问词 what, which, when, where, how 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。Section B一 短语积累1.point at 指
26、着 2. at the table/ at table 在桌旁 / 在进餐3. face the biggest challenge 面临最大的挑战 4. on my exchange program 在我的交换生活中5. There is no reason to do sth. 没有理由做某事66. go out of ones way to do sth. 特地做某事7. make sb. feel at home 使某人感到不拘束8. learn how to do sth. 学习怎样做某事 9. be comfortable doing sth. 轻松/舒服地做某事10. at fi
27、rst 起初 11. cut up 切碎12. find it difficult to do sth. 发现做某事13. have a good school year 新学年愉快 14. feel good about doing sth.对干 感觉不对15. look forward to doing 盼望做某事 16.best wishes 最美好的祝愿17. show up 出席，露面 18. learn about 了解 19. in different situations 在不同场合 20. travel by car 驱车旅行二重难点解析1.empty adj. 空的，反义：
28、 full 满的v. 倒空 反义：fill 装满 Please empty the bottle.2. Point at anyone with your chopsticks. 用筷子指着别人。pointat 瞄准，对着 He is pointing his finger at me.pointto指向 The hour hand pointed to twelve.Pointout 指出 The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework.3.start doing sth. = start to do sth. 开始做某事4. The
29、y go out of their way to make me at home.他们尽力使我感到必至如归go out of ones way to do sth 特意（花时间，心血）做某事，故意做某事He went out his way to help me.make sb. be/feel at home 使某人感觉像在家一样make sb. adj /do 使某人做某事 Her smile made me feel at home.5. I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now Im used to it.be used t
30、o sth/doing sth 习惯于，适应于Im not used to speaking like that.used to d过 去 常 常 I used to like playing basketbal after schol. be used to sth/doing 习 惯 于 ， 适 应 于 Im used to playing basketbal after schol. be used to d 被 用 来 做 be used for doing 被 用 来 做 This machine is used to clean the windows.This machine i
31、s used for cleaning the windows.6. Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesnt bother me like it used to.尽管我经常犯一些错，但它不像过去那样困扰我了。make lots of mistakes 犯许多错bother 打扰，烦扰 Dont bother your father, he is working.7. Youre not supposed to eat anything with your hands expect bread, not even fruit!expec
32、t 除之外,但不包括在内，介词 I get up early expect Sunday.besides 除 之外，还有 Nobody was late except me.8. I have to say, I find it difficult to remember everything, but Im gradually getting used to things, and dont find them so strange any more.find it difficult to do sth 发现做某事很难it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式 to do sth7He fi
33、nds it difficult to stop smoking.get used to sth/doing = be used to sth/doing9. make an appointment/appointments with sb 与某人约会10.Let me give you some suggestions and advice about Chinese customs.让我给你一些关于中国风俗的建议和意见。give sb. some suggestions and advice 给某人提出一些建议和意见make/ offer a suggestion 提出建议ask for
34、a suggestion 征求建议suggest v. 建议 suggest/ advise doing sth.Suggest + that 从句( 用虚拟语气 should 可以省略)We suggested / advised putting off the sports meet.She suggests that we should start early tomorrow. suggest v. 暗示 What he said suggested he was honest. advice n. 不可数；忠告，劝告，建议 a piece of advice 一条建议 some pi
35、eces of advice/ some advice 一些建议advise v. advise doing sth. 建议做某事 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事练习题1.单项填空1.With the Internet，news can _ every corner of the world quickly.A. arrive B. reachC. get D. return2. We go to school every day _ Saturdays and Sundays.A. beside B. besidesC. except D. except for3.
36、 You are not supposed to _ in class.A. make faces B. make noiseC. listen carefully D.A and B4. They go out _ their way to make me _ at home.A. for；feel B. of；to feelC. to；feels D. of；feel5. Listening to soft music can make you _ .A. relaxing B. to feel relaxedC. feel relaxed D. felt relaxed6. Your u
37、ncle was supposed _ here an hour ago.A. to be B. to comingC. to go D. to going7. What do you think of the man？I find _ difficult to work with him.A. him B. me C. it D. that8. Im _ to see you again.A. please B. pleasureC. pleased D. pleasing9. _ they are very tired, they feel very happy because theyv
38、e finally finished their project.A. So B. AlthoughC. If D. But10. Nick, would you mind _ those old jeans? They look terrible.A. not to wear B. not wearC. wearing not D. not wearing11. It is all right if you come _ late.A. a bit of B. a little ofC. a bit D. too much12. People in China _ when they mee
39、t for the first time.A. bow B. kiss8C. shake hands D. laugh13. Look out！The cup is _ hot water.A. full of B. fill withC. full D. fill14. The new car has been here for several days._ is it?A. Whose B. WhatC. Where D. Who15. Last weekend many people went to the concert, _young people.A. hardly B. prob
40、ablyC. mostly D. really2.完形填空There are many differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. In the West，everyone has their own 1 of food. But in China the dishes are 2 on the table and everyone shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host，there must be 3 food prepared for you. Chinese a
41、re very 4 of their culture and will do their best to show their hospitality （好客）.And sometimes the Chinese host uses their 5 to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness. The proper thing to do would be to eat the whatever-it-is and say how 6 it is. If you feel uncomfortable with
42、this，you can just say a polite “Thanks” and leave the food there. Dont 7 your chopsticks upright into the rice bowl. Instead，lay （放置） them on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody 8 ，the shrine （神祠） to them has a bowl of sand or rice with two chopsticks which are stuck upright in it.
43、It is impolite to set the teapot down where the spout （壶嘴） is facing 9 somebody. The spout should always be directed to where nobody is sitting，usually just outward （向外） from the table.Dont hit on your bowl with your chopsticks. Beggars （乞丐） hit on their bowls，so this is not polite. Also，when the fo
44、od is coming too 10 in a restaurant，people will tap their bowls. If you are in someones home，it is like offending the cook.1. A. table B. plateC. favorite D. meal2. A. made B. cookedC. eaten D. placed3. A. a bit of B. a bitC. a lot of D. a little4. A. afraid B. tiredC. proud D. certain5. A. knives B
45、. forksC. hands D. chopsticks6. A. delicious B. beautifulC. terrible D. comfortable7. A. fall B. throwC. knock D. stick8. A. comes B. goesC. dies D. lives9. A. against B. towardsC. over D. above10. A. often B. earlyC. slow D. fast3.阅读理解 ADinner customs are different around the world. If you are a gu
46、est in Ghana (加纳),this information will help you a lot.In Ghana, dinner is usually from four in the afternoon to six in the evening. But there are no strict rules about time. Whenever a guest arrives, a family offers food. When you go to a home, the person who receives guests takes you to the living
47、 room first. At this time everyone welcomes you. Then you go to the dining room. There you wash your hands in a bowl of water. All the food is on the table.In Ghana you usually eat with your fingers. You eat from the same dish as everyone else. But you eat from one side of the dish only. It is not p
48、olite to get food from the other side of the dish. After dinner, you wash your hands again in a bowl of water.9Most meals in Ghana have a dish called fufu. People in Ghana make fufu from the powder(粉末) of some plants. Sometimes they cut the fufu with a saw(锯子) because it is very hard. You must chew fufu well, or you may get sick. You eat
