1、1必修四Unit 1 Great women and their achievements一、语言要点I 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词语辨析1. campaign / war / battle 2.worth / worthy / worthwhile 3. argue / debate1. connect vt.连接；联系；接通电话 vi.连接，衔接connection n.联系，关系；连接2. argue vt. war 2). campaign 2. worth / worthy / worthwhile【解释】worth 只能作表语，其后接钱数、名词或及物动词的动名词
2、的主动一般形式: be worth doingworthy 可作表语，后接 of+名词 /of+动名词的被动形式/不定式的被动形式: be worthy of + n./ of being done / to be done 也作定语， “值得的” ， “有价值的 ”：a worthy winner 名副其实的赢家worthwhile 可作表语和定语 : a worthwhile job 值得做的工作 it is worthwhile to do/doing【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). The necklace was _ 100 francs at most. 2).
3、It s _ to discuss the question again.3). You would find it _ your while to come to the meeting.4). Can t you find something _ doing at all? The book is _ _ _ (很值得读) a second time.5). This place of interest is worthy _ _ _ / _ _ _ /_ _ _ (参观).Keys: 1). worth 2). worthwhile 3). worth 4). worth; well w
4、orth reading 5). of a visit / of being visited / to be visited3. argue / debate【解释】argue 指某人坚持自己的主张，举出事实和理由说服某人或反对其他方面的意见。3debate 指辩论者长在自己的立场公开争论一个问题。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). We _ with her _ how to go there. 2). They _ the case for hours.3). They _ the question openly.4). Last week, our class had a
5、 _ over whether middle school students should carry cell phones at school.Keys: 1). argued; about 2). argued 3). debated 4). debate III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. connect vt.连接；联系；接通电话 vi.连接，衔接connection n.联系，关系；连接2. argue vt. don t make a fool of yourself. 注意你的举止, 别闹出笑话来。2). How is your new car behaving
6、? 你的新车性能如何？4重点用法behave oneself 使某人自己举止规矩 behaviour towards/to. 对的态度/行为 练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). It s hard to train children to _ _ (举止得体) at the table.2). She is always _ _ (举止得体) at school.3). Their _ (behave) _ (介词) me shows that they do not like me.Keys: 1). behave well 2). well behaved 3). be
7、haviour towards2. achievement n.c成就，功绩 achieve vt. 取得，完成典例1). He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements. 他因科学上取得的成就而获得诺贝尔奖。2). Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement. 首次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的功绩。重点用法achieve an aim / goal 达到目标 achieve success 获得成功 练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入
8、适当的词。1). Without the support of the people we can _ _. 2). I have achieved only half of _ I hope to do. 3). Congratulations to you (介词) _ such a complete victory. Keys: 1). achieve nothing 2). what 3). on; achieving 3. observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 observation n.u 观察；观测；监视典例1). The police observed the man en
9、tering/enter the bank. 警方监视着那男子进入银行的情况。2). The woman was observed to follow him closely. 有人看到那女子紧跟着他。重点用法observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事( 已做完) observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事 under observation 被监视练习 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。1). They were observed _ (enter) the bank then. 2). Keynes _ _ (观察到) humans fall into
10、 two classes. Keys: 1). entering 2). observed that4. respect vt. for 3). for5. argue vt. about; of 6. support vt. to 2). delivered/gave; in V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起典例1). She looks down on people whove never been to university. 她瞧不起没上过大学的人。2). You can t look down upon a person
11、 because he is poor. 你不能因为某个人穷而瞧不起他。7重点用法 look 短语：look on sb./ sth. as = consider sb./ sth. as 把某人看作 look on 袖手旁观 look into sth. 调查或观察某事物 look up 查阅( 单词、资料)；向上看 look (sb.) up and down 上下打量(某人) look out for sb/sth 警惕或留心某人/物练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). He was _ _ _ (被人看不起) because of his humble backgro
12、und. 2). He is _ _ _ (被认为是) the leading authority on the subject. 3). If you want to know how a word is used, _it _ in a dictionary.Keys: 1). looked down on 2). looked on as 3). look; up 2. refer to 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指而言典例 1). We agreed never to refer to the matter again. 我们同意不再谈这件事了。 2). She thought I
13、 was referring to her daughter when we were talking. 当我们谈话时她以为我指的是她的女儿。重点用法refer to sb./sth. as 把某人/物称作 refer sth./sb. to 把某事提交；让某人向求助 练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). Although she didn t mention any names, everyone knew who she was _ _(指). 2). He gave the speech _ _ _ (没有参阅) his notes. 3). He likes to _
14、 _ _ _ (被称为) “Doctor Khee”. 4). My doctor referred me _ (介词) a hospital specialist.Keys: 1). referring to 2). without referring to 3). be referred to as 4). to3. come across = run across = meet by chance (偶然) 遇见；碰见典例 1). I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一
15、位老校友。2). She came across some old photographs in a drawer. 她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片。短语归纳 come 短语：come about = happen 发生 come from 来自come out 出现；开花；出版或发表；透露；显出 come up 升起；发生；出现come up with sth 找到或提出（答案 办法等）练习 用 come 短语的适当形式填空。1). I _ _ some new words while reading. 2). His new book will _ _ next month.83). She
16、 _ _ _ a new idea for increasing sales.4). Can you tell me how the accident _ _?5). How did it _ _ that he knew where we were?Keys: 1). came across 2). come out 3). came up with 4). came about 5). came about4. carry on 继续；坚持典例 1). Carry on (working/with your work) while Im away. 我不在的时候 , 要继续做工作。2).
17、They decided to carry on in spite of the weather. 他们决定不管天气好坏都坚持。 短语归纳 carry 短语：carry on (doing sth/with sth.) 继续 (做)某事 carry out 贯彻，执行carry out a plan/orders/instructions 执行计划/ 命令/指示 carry sth through 成功地完成某事物carry about 随身携带 carry away 运走, 使失去自制力练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或 carry 短语。1). They decided to _
18、_ in spite of the weather. 2). Extensive tests have _ _ _ on the patient. 3). It is a difficult job but she s the person to carry it _. 4). Don t blame me. I m only _ _ my orders.Keys: 1). carry on 2). been carried out on 3). through 4). carrying out 5. live/lead a. life 过着的生活典例 They live a peaceful
19、 life. 他们过着平静的生活。短语归纳 “v. + 同源宾语” 结构：smile a. smile 露出微笑 dream a. dream 做了个的梦 sleep a. sleep 睡个觉 sing a. song 唱的歌die a. death 怎样地死去 fight a. battle 打的仗laugh a. laugh 发出方式的笑声练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). We are living happily. = We are living _ _ _. 2). _ _ _ _ (多么艰辛的生活) they lived! 3). I _ _ _ _ (做了个美
20、梦) last night.Keys: 1). living a happy life 2). What a hard life 3). dreamed/had a beautiful dream VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.()解释 动名词做主语的用法：动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作(在口语中也可以表示具体的动作) 。如： 9Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 / Helping her is my du
21、ty. 帮助她是我的责任。动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。如：1). Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。2). Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语 动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如: It is useless/worth/no good/no use/no sense doing sth.等，如：1). It is useles
22、s trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。2). It s no sense arguing with her. 和她争吵没有意思。动名词短语作主语时的谓语动词用单数形式：Learning new words is very important for me. 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。练习 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). Talking _ (mend) no holes. 2). _ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 3). Is it any go
23、od _ (try) to explain?Keys: 1). mends 2). Walking 3). trying 2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以考虑自己的计划。解释 以“only+状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句 )”开头的句子要用部分倒装，即将助动词或连系动词置于主语之前，如：1). Only after my friend came was the computer
24、 repaired. 只有在我的朋友来后电脑才修好。2). Only when you pointed it out for me did I realize that I was wrong. 只有当你帮我指出来了我才意识到我错了。注意：如果以“only+主语”开头的句子不用倒装，如：1). Only we can help ourselves. 只有我们能帮自己。2). Only Tom failed in the exam. 只有汤姆考试不及格。练习 用倒装句型翻译句子。1). 只有用这种方法我们才能把英语学得更好。_2). 只有当你看了说明后你才知道怎么使用这台机器。_Keys: 1)
25、. Only in this way can we learn English better. 2). Only after you read the instructions do you know how to use the machine.103. She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them. 她努力劝说尽可能多的国家同意不使用它们（地雷） 。解释 as.as possible = as. as one can “尽可能”，第一个 as 可接 adj./adv. 或 m
26、any/few + n.(pl.) 或 much/little + n.u，如：1). Be as kind to her as possible / you can. 对她尽可能和蔼些。2). Do your homework as carefully as possible / you can. 做作业尽可能地细心。3). Read as many useful books as possible / you can. 看尽可能多的书。练习 翻译句子。1). 在写作中，你应该尽量少犯错误。_2). 为了养活一大家人，他卖力工作尽力多挣钱。_Keys: 1). You should make
27、 as few mistakes as you can in your writing. 2). In order to support a large family, he worked hard to earn as much money as possible.二、课文要点1 课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：Jane Goodall, 1 had intended to work with animals in their own 2 （环境）since her childhood, went to Afric
28、a and devoted herself to 3 （study）the behavior of chimps. It was tough but she considered it as a 4 （有价值的）career. Through her study, we learned much more about chimps. She argued that the life of these animals should 5 （respect）and they should be left in the wild and not used 6 entertainment. Beside
29、s, she was very 7 （consider ）of these animals. Now, she has 8 （实现）every thing she wanted to do, which 9 （激励）those who want to cheer the 10 （成就）of women. 答案: 1. who 2.environment 3. studying 4.worthwhile 5. be respected 6. for 7.considerate 8.achieved 9.inspired 10.achievements2 课文大意概括 （旨在训练用 30 个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用 30 来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。这一篇文章给我们介绍了黑猩猩家庭，这使我们认识到，黑猩猩家族的关联就像人类的家庭那么坚固。Jane Goodall 的努力，以及她关于保护黑猩猩的观点使她取得了不少成就。This passage introduces _答案：This passage introduces the groups of chimps to us, which made us realize that the
