1、 英国文学史I. Old English Literature Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIIIFour Comedies 四大喜剧: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜;仲夏夜之梦;威尼斯商人Four Tragedies 四大悲剧:哈姆莱特;奥赛罗;李尔王;麦克白Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pen
2、tameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.III The 17th Century1. John Milton 约翰弥尔顿 16081674（诗人、政论家;失明后写 失乐园 、 复乐园 、 力士参孙 。 ）Epics: 失乐园复乐园 Dramatic poem: 力士参孙 论出版自由 ?为英国人民声辩 我的失明 This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that
3、 people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan 约翰班扬 16281688（代表作天路历程 ，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书” ，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲 、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。 ）Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)Religionary Allegory:天路历程3. John Donne the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysica
4、l Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语） the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features:1. conceits or imagery 奇思妙喻2. syllogism 三段论 Meditations 沉思录The Flea 虱子 Songs And SonnetsHo
5、ly SonnetsValediction:IV The 18th CenturyA revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(
6、rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel 现实主义小说)Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)1. Alexander? Pope 亚历山大蒲柏 16881744（18 世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ hero
7、ic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。 ）One of the first to introduce rationalism to England. 批评论Artistic features:1.Using “heroic couplets” 卷发遇劫记 道德论 人论愚人记2. Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔约翰逊 17091784Dictionary =英语大词典3. Jonathan Swift 乔纳森 斯威夫特 16671745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家 a master satirist。 ） 格列佛游记(fictional work)Four parts
8、:Lilliput 小人国Brobdingnag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛Houyhnhnm 马岛一个小小的建议 书战 木桶的故事 一个麻布商的书信4. Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔笛福 16601731小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。He is the first writer study of the lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic nove
9、l. 鲁宾逊漂流记It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonel
10、y island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. 5. Henry Fielding 亨利菲尔丁 17071754（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。 ）He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its stru
11、cture and style. novels:弃婴汤姆琼斯约瑟夫安德鲁大诗人江奈生威尔德爱米利亚 plays:一七三六年历史记事堂吉柯德在英国6. Oliver Goldsmith 奥利弗 格尔德斯密斯 17301774 poems:旅游人荒村 novel:威克菲尔德牧师传7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查德布林斯利施莱登 17511816 情敌 造谣学校8. William Blake 威廉布莱克 17571827 天真之歌A happy and innocent world from childrens eye. 经验之歌A word of misery, p
12、overty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.Include: Lamb is a symbol of peace and purityTyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence 天堂与地狱的婚姻9. Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯 17591796The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect 主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 约翰
13、 安德生，我的爱人 一朵红红的玫瑰 往昔时光 不管那一套 我的心在那高原上 V The Romantic PeriodThe romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges , and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death.Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individuals mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to
