1、1英语语音知识1. 元音：单元音（12）：/ i: / i / e / / a: / / : / u / u: / / / : / 双元音（8）：/ ei / ai / i / i / u / / u / au /2. 辅音：（24）按声带震动与否为：清音：/ p / t / k / f / s / / h / / t / tr / ts /浊音：/ b / d / g / v / z / m / n / / / /dr / dz / r / w / j / l /3. 音节：一个元音，或一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合称为音节。m, n, l, N和辅音音素结合，也可以构成一个音节。 有几个
2、元音就有几个音节。开音节：绝对开音节：辅音字母 + 元音字母相对开音节：元音字母 + 辅音字母（除 r）+ e （不发音）在重读开音节中，元音字母都读作字母的发音。闭音节：元音字母 + 辅音字母（除 r）在重读闭音节中，元音字母 a 读作/A /， e 读作/ e /，I (y)读作/ I /，o 读作/ R /，u 读作/ u / 或 / Q /.（重读闭音节三要素：1. 必须是重读音节； 2. 最后只有一个辅音字母；3. 元音字母发短元音。）音节的划分 在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅音时，一个辅音属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。例如：let-ter me m-ber chil-dren d
3、augh-ter在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅音时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅音属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze -ro mo-tor far-ther短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er字母组合不能分开，必须划在一个音节内，如：ch, th, sh, ph, tr, dr4单词重音：在多音节或双音节词中，有一个读得特别响亮的音节，叫做重读音节。除了一些复合词外，一般说来，每个单词只有一个重读音节，重读音节用重音符号“ 来表示。单
4、音节词不标重音符号，但必须重读。双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。例如：stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn in-deed 含有 a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：about before excuse repair for-get-ful in-ven-tor2多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。例如：el-e-phant con-grat-u-la-tion词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词，在-ic 或-s
5、ion,-tion 前的一个音节上重读。例如：scientific impression nation英语的基本拼读规则总规则：1. 元音字母在重读开音节中一般读“字母”音；在闭音节中读“短”音2元音字组在非重读音节中读 音或i但：yellow sparrow tomorr ow everydayei handbag blackboar d :1元音字母 a 及其字母组合的读音 元音字母和字母组合 读 音 说 明 例 词 例 外ei 在重读开音节中 grade，f ace，ta ble，name have operate liberate hibernateei hesitate celebt
6、ate 在重读闭音节中 map，pr actice，that，plan，hand w+a watch, what，w ash，wa llet water : a-n, ss sp sk st th f answer, grant, class, grasp, basket， fast，bath，a fter sand, stand land band ae: many anyei 在重读音节中 straight， afraid，paint，rai n ai，ayi 在非重读音节中 Monday，mountai n，holiday，captain weekday ei birthday eiai
7、r 在重读音节中 repair， chair，hair ，stair al : :l:在 n./ v. 中在副词中a-f/mchalk，cal l，smal l，walk talkalso, always, already,half; calmsalt :l ar : : 在重读音节中 w/wh-ar party， artist，farm，cardWar, warm,toward, quarter various are 在重读音节中 glare，c are，stare，dare au/ augh : August，autumn cause caught aunt, laugh : Austr
8、alia aw : draw，law，saw 2元音字母 e 及其字母组合的读音3元音字母和字母组合 读 音 说 明 例 词 例 外i: 在重读开音节中 complete，even，the se， ee 在重读闭音节中 better，enter ， fresh pretty i e breath，head，ready，dead i: breathe，season，least，deal，mean meante dreamti really，r eal，theatre, idea reality ocean eaei great，br eak ee i: greet，deep，keep，meet
9、ei i:/ei/ /s/-ei receive，seize, ceilingeight heighthait eitherer : 在重读音节中 verb，h er，term，serve clerk:i dear， clear， near，hear heard : : search，learn，earth，earn heart :ear bear, wear, peareer i pioneer，deer engineer ju: few, newewu l, r, j-ew blew, threw, grew, Jew sew ou-ed t 前面是清辅音 （t除外） jumped，tal
10、ked，work ed，helped d 前面是浊辅音（d 除外）或元音 loved，answered， closed， stayed id 前面是t或d needed， shouted，skated 3元音字母 i 及其字母组合的读音元音字母和字母组合 读 音 说 明 例 词 例 外ai 在重读开音节中 Friday， fine，drive give, live, lively, satellitei 在重读闭音节中 strict，th ink，artist wildwaild wind, climb, sign (signal ), designi（y）i: machine, police
11、ai 在重读词尾 lie， tie， die，pie iei: believe，piece，field friende quiet ai ,society,experienceir : girl， bird，fir st，birth 4元音字母和字母组合 读 音 说 明 例 词 例 外igh ai fight，right，tight，night ild aild wild，child，mild ire ai admire，hire，fire, entire ind aind behind，find，kind wind winding i sing, ring4元音字母 o 及其字母组合的读音元
12、音字母和字母组合 读 音 说 明 例 词 例 外ou 在重读开音节中在某些词的词尾spoke， pole，n oteenvelope，piano， photo，radi oimproveim5pru:v, , love gone whosehu:z, loselu:z, tombtu:m, provepru:v 在重读闭音节中 monument，al ong，shop，clo th -m,n,v,th worry，another，s on，monkey donkey, nonsense ou woman，wolf， into oa ou coat，boat，road，coal broad :o
13、i，oy i noise，enjoy， choice，boy u:-l,m,n 结尾浊辅音-oo-清辅音/ 清-oo-浊school，soon，fool，food, roof, bootwoolu oo-k清-oo 清 / 浊-oo 浊 book，look，good，foot, good, wood shootu: troop比较：loose / loseoo flood，blood : 在重读音节中 worn，hor se or : w-or world，wor k， worse au mouse，gr ound，south ou soul， shoulder, thoughu should
14、, could, would u: youth，group，wound ou trouble，touch，c ountry,enough cough au down，town，how，allow knowledge owou snow，grow，window 5ough : bought， thought，ought ploughplau through u:au 在重读音节中 flour，hour ，our tourtu our : 在重读音节中 four，pour ，course journey :5元音字母 u 及其字母组合的读音 元音字母和字母组合 读 音 说 明 例 词 例 外ju:
15、 在重读开音节中 student，use ，pupil，huge sugar u 在重读闭音节中 but，cut，up，hurry truth u: busy i u 在某些非重读音节中 autumn， difficult，success instituteju:, communism ur : hurt，nur se，turn，burn hurry ure ju pure, cure, sure u 6辅音字母的读音 辅音字母和字母组合 读 音 说 明 例 词 例 外b bike bus bagb/ bomb tombk cake picture coat musiccs c-e/i/y f
16、ace decide cinema much chick rich teacherk school headache chemistrych machine Chicago-ck k cock pocket black knockd d doctor bread hand day-dge bridge fridgedr- dr children driver drinkf f five four breakfast bag gardon go -e orange large Germangf cough enoughgh / light daughter high 在词首 /词尾 guess
17、league dialoguegu- -gue w 在词中 language h h hot head house hand6/ hour honestj jeep jar joke join Julyk k kind bike skate make weekkn- n knife know knockl l life milk school tallm m monkey come autumn-mn m autumn column solemnn n not shine ten note n-k/ g uncle thank hungry-ng morning young wrongp p
18、paper plane pig ship penph f elephant photo telephoneq k Iraqqu- kw quality quiter r red rubber rulers 在词首或清辅音前 sit sleep desk purpose house(s) promise insist basin persons （词中）z 元音字母间或浊辅音前 music husbands 清辅音之后 Stops, books z 浊辅音/元音之后 Zoos, questionsiz , s, -es Boxes, watchesS（词尾） z th-s baths mouth
19、s youths mathss months lengths clothes z clothing i sk Scaresc-s muscle sciencesh she fish shirt wash n 辅音-sion Impression, comprehensionsion n 元音字母-sion vision decision occasiontion n Nation, revolution n s-tion Question, suggestiont t ten letter meettch watchth 实词中thin thirty method smooth7 在虚词中/
20、- the these with mother thistr- tr tree train country truckv v very voice love leavew w week win wake sweet wait/ answer twowh- w what when white whyh wh- o who whose wholex ks box text exercisegz examle exist exactwr- r writey- j yes yard yellow youngz z puzzle zero zoo8单词辨音练习1. honest A. hope B. h
21、oliday C. hello D. hotel2. important A. information B. neighbour C. perform D. forbid3. father A. faster B. famous C. fall D. factory4. admit A. bicycle B. active C. beside D. knife5. endeavour A. journey B. course C. court D. honour6. headache A. cheat B. machine C. school D. cheery7. southern A. t
22、hirteen B. south C. fourth D. neither8. whole A. wheat B. while C. whose D. white9. exactly A. exercise B. except C. expect D. examination10. heavy A. break B. bread C. deal D. cheap11. traveler A. service B. performance C. certain D. servant12. around A. moustache B. announce C. group D. young13. f
23、resh A. electric B. escape C. equality D. entire14. certainly A. rely B. really C. terrify D. try15. condition A. suggestion B. question C. conclusion D. congratulation16. climb A. beauty B. comb C. border D. behind17. remain A. Britain B. certain C. explain D. captain18. removed A. suffered B. laug
24、hed C. advanced D. shocked19. dollars A. roofs B. pillows C. groups D. ports20. laughter A. enough B. thought C. plough D. through21. courage A. ground B. double C. loud D. mouth22. brown A. low B. town C. know D. knowledge23. student A. busy B. ruler C. July D. music24. waist A. portrait B. captain
25、 C. Britain D. plain25. strength A. bathe B. though C. breathe D. mouth26. term A. understand B. whisper C. water D. certainly27. bear A. near B. search C. early D. pear28. ocean A. concert B. century C. official D. coast29. sew A. result B. saw C. sure D. sugar30. salt A. chalk B. calm C. almost D.
26、 half31. language A. dance B. trunk C. many D. money32. compare A. scare B. inspire C. admire D. enquire33. advanced A. entrance B. salute C. fortunate D. task34. lock A. prove B. London C. longer D. lonely35. Canada A. majority B. balance C. advanced D. dangerous36. fever A. president B. electric C
27、. fresh D. frequently37. cousin A. thirsty B. resist C. anxious D. universe38. worm A. lord B. storm C. worry D. worthy939. trousers A. dozens B. requests C. desks D. lakes40. praise A. fairy B. remain C. said D. prairie41. April A. parent B. basin C. grasp D. wallet42. excuse A. use B. truth C. tru
28、ck D. jump43. possible A. electric B. expensive C. technique D. electricity44. foreign A. ceiling B. volleyball C. weight D. receive45. academy A. recite B. recognize C. fresh D. cruelty46. whose A. town B. whom C. wonder D. woman47. tower A. tomorrow B. throw C. slowly D. how48. pleasant A. pleased
29、 B. pleasure C. peaceful D. break49. nation A. nature B. natural C. national D. candle50. repeat A. already B. bread C. defeat D. great51. month A. government B. common C. along D. monument52. absorb A. worm B. favor C. north D. emperor53. fought A. brought B. rough C. country D. trouble54. pause A.
30、 restaurant B. aunt C. mauve D. automobile55. watched A. realized B. practised C. whispered D. pleased56. revision A. possession B. expression C. television D. permission57. object A. mother B. ocean C. observe D. obvious58. telegraph A. grammar B. breakfast C. broadcast D. manage59. duty A. educati
31、on B. ruler C. blue D. jump60. silence A. practise B. silk C. decide D. astonish61. patient A. friend B. achieve C. field D. ancient62. Thursday A. surround B. nurse C. surprise D. pursuit63. hour A. journey B. court C. tour D. ourselves64. chocolate A. machine B. cheek C. character D. stomach65. st
32、rength A. northern B. worthy C. theory D. thus66. passenger A. vegetable B. guess C. figure D. together 67. throughout A. naughty B. cough C. enough D. laugh68. question A. resolution B. revision C. suggestion D. possession69. material A. grammar B. grandson C. basket D. majority70. cautious A. curi
33、ous B. ambitious C. obviously D. various71. moustache A. machine B. church C. match D. chalk72. many A. anything B. library C. canal D. important73. comparison A. quality B. quantity C. quarrel D. national74. childhood A. cool B. food C. wood D. fool75. woman A. wolf B. lose C. improve D. tomb76. po
34、litics A. tongue B. province C. wonder D. otherwise77. fortunately A. temperature B. graduate C. classmate D. headache78. frequently A. serious B. period C. material D. theme79. poster A. remove B. progress C. house D. ground80. assistant A. physics B. observe C. nervous D. museum81. exhibition A. e
35、xercise B. exist C. example D. examine82. mean A. measure B. European C. breath D. pete A. immediately B. destroy C. research D. system84. length A. southern B. nevertheless C. strengthen D. worthy85. whereas A. thirsty B. dynasty C. statistics D. hesitate86. dreadful A. steak B. decrease C. breast
36、D. peanut87. explanation A. exhibition B. expression C. expand D. exact88. grade Atempera ture Bclassm ate Cnecklace Dfortunate89south Acourage Bsoup Csouthern Dtrousers90smooth Afeather Btoo th Cth ief Dwarm th91.branch A. advantage B. quantity C. fortunate D. baggage92.beyond A. rocket B. compass C. handsome D. holy93.goose A. booklet B. goods C. foolish D. foot94. measure A. conclusion B. discussion C. Asian D. expression95. official A. cigarette B. precious C. cubic D. recently
