1、 中国有一句话，叫“人贵有自知之明”。这个观念的最早提出者是老子。老子在道德经里说“知人者智，自知者明” 。有“自知之明”是指人应该对自己有正确的认识，了解自身的优点和缺点，清醒地知道自己能做什么。我们把人的自知视为“贵” ，可见做到“自知”是多么的不易。 “自知之明”是一种人生哲学，也是一种品德。它可以帮助我们不断地修正自己，朝着更高的人生目标迈进As the Chinese saying goes, it is important to know oneself. The first person to put forward this notion was Laozi, who wrot
2、e in his book Dao De Jing: “A person who knows others is intelligent, but a person who knows himself is insightful.” To know oneself is to have a correct understanding of oneself, including ones strengths and limitations, and to be clear-minded about what one can do. We cherish this virtue so much p
3、recisely because it is really hard for people to know themselves. Knowing oneself is both part of a philosophy of life and a virtue that can facilitate self-improvement and attainment of a higher life goal. 与父辈相比，现在的孩子在物质生活上要丰富得多，但在精神上则略有欠缺。他们不太可能和伙伴们一起玩，玩具取代伙伴成了他们最忠实的朋友。他们的父母从不缺钱给他们买各种贵重玩具。这样的好处是：他
4、们不再整天缠着父母，因为玩具和电子游戏减轻了他们的孤独感。但也有负面影响：沉迷于玩具和电子游戏会让孩子视力下降或者让他们不愿意与别人交流。这种现象应引起家长和学校的关注。 Compared with the childhood of their parents, children now do enjoy a far better material life, but their emotional life seems less satisfying. They are less likely to play with their peers, for toys have replaced
5、their playmates as their most loyal friends. Their parents can always afford to buy them all kinds of expensive toys. The good thing about this is that they no longer pester their parents to play with them all day long, because toys and video games have lessened their feelings of loneliness. But the
6、re are also negative effects: The addiction to toys and video games may cause a childs eyesight to deteriorate or result in reluctance to communicate with others. These phenomena should demand the attention of both parents and schools.在敦煌莫高窟，最著名的艺术杰作要数壁画“飞天” （flying apsaras） 。敦煌飞天是印度文化和中国文化共同孕育而成的。在
7、印度，被称为“飞天”的空中飞行的天神（celestial beings）多出现在佛教石窟壁画（grotto mural）中，中国道教传统则把在空中飞行的天神称为“飞仙” （flying immortals） 。魏晋南北朝时，佛教初传入中国，壁画中的飞仙开始被称为“飞天” 。后来，随着佛教在中国的深入发展，佛教的飞天和道教的飞仙在艺术形象上相互融合。敦煌莫高窟的飞天是中国古代艺术家的杰作，是世界艺术 史的奇迹。 In the Mogao caves in Dunhuang, the murals with “flying apsaras” are one of the most well-kno
8、wn artefacts. The flying apsaras in the Dunhuang Grotto Murals are a product of the intermixing of Indian and Chinese culture. In India, flying celestial beings called “flying apsaras” appear mostly in murals in Buddhist caves, while in the Chinese Daoist tradition, flying celestial beings are known
9、 as “flying immortals”. During the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern dynasties, when the introduction of Buddhism in China was at an early stage, people began to use the term “flying apsaras” to refer to the flying immortals in the murals. Later, with the development of Buddhism in China, the arti
10、stic images of Buddhist flying apsaras and Daoist flying immortals merged with each other. The flying apsaras in the Dunhuang Grotto Murals are a most ingenious creation of ancient Chinese artists, and a marvel in the history of world art.目前，中国老年人口居世界第一，已经进入老龄化社会。而中国现在正处于社会转型期，建立一个完整的社会福利体系仍需很长的一段时间
11、，因此中国的养老问题较为特殊。预计在今后半个世纪，家庭养老仍然是中国主流的养老模式。孝敬父母（filial piety）一直是中国传统伦理道德（ethics ）的重要组成部分。在当今这样一个老龄化的社会中，弘扬孝道就显得更加重要，因为在鼓励人们对家里的老人提供日常照顾和情感慰藉方面，孝道仍将起关键性的作用。 China, with the largest population of elderly people in the world, has become an ageing society. Meanwhile, China is also a country undergoing so
12、cial transition. It will be a long time before a sound social welfare system can be established, which means that China is in a unique situation when it comes to care of its ageing population. It is predicted that in the next 50 years, family care for the aged will still be the dominant practice in
13、China. Filial piety has always been a significant part of traditional Chinese ethics. In todays ageing society, it will be all the more important to promote the virtue of filial piety, as it will continue to play a crucial role in encouraging people to take good care of their elderly family members
14、by providing daily care and emotional support.女性是劳动力市场的重要组成部分。但是当前劳动就业中的性别歧视仍然存在，这与我国构建和谐社会的要求背道而驰。就劳动者而言，不能人尽其才，不仅造成人力资本投资的浪费，还会使她们对社会公正产生怀疑；就用人单位而言，性别歧视不仅破坏人才选拔的程序，造成人才浪费，也会不利于人们正确理解何为正常运转的市场；就社会而言，性别歧视不仅干扰人力资源的正常流动，还会破坏就业市场的公平环境。 Women are an important part of the labour force. But gender discrim
15、ination in the job market still exists, and serves as a counterforce to the building of a harmonious society. As far as employees are concerned, jobs that do not suit their talents will not only give rise to a waste of the investment in human capital, but also cause them to lose faith in social just
16、ice. As for employers, gender discrimination will not only disrupt the process of selecting talent, and thus waste talent, but will also harm the perception of a properly functioning market. On the level of society, gender discrimination will set an obstacle to the proper distribution of human resou
17、rces, and damage a fair environment in the job market. 春节是中国最重要的传统节日。但近年来，很多人都抱怨过年的气氛越来越淡，已经很难感受到记忆中过年的那种美好感觉了。事实上，春节在过去之所以显得重要，是因为只有到了春节人们才能享美食、穿新衣。而随着中国经济的迅速发展，人们的物质生活越来越丰富，人们庆祝春节的方式也发生了一些变化。比如说，越来越多的人选择过年时外出旅游。但无论如何，对于中国人来说，春节的重要性是不可替代的。 The Spring Festival is the most important traditional holid
18、ay in China. But in recent years, many people have complained that the celebratory atmosphere of lunar New Year is not as strong as it used to be, and it is hard for them to regain that wonderful feeling in their memories. In fact, in the past, it was only during the Spring Festival that people coul
19、d enjoy delicious food and wear new clothes. This explains why this holiday was so important to Chinese people. But with the rapid development of the Chinese economy and an increasingly rich material life, the ways in which Chinese people celebrate the Spring Festival have changed. For instance, mor
20、e and more Chinese people choose to travel during the Spring Festival. Nonetheless, for Chinese people, the Spring Festival plays an irreplaceable role in their culture. 中国是世界上自然灾害较为严重的国家之一。在和平时期，抢险救灾是中国军队的一项重要任务。中国军队是抢险救灾的突击力量，承担最紧急、最艰难、最危险的救援任务。中国军人都是抱着打仗的心态在救灾，甚至冒着生命危险抢救灾民。每当解放军抵达灾区，群众都热烈欢迎，感到无比欣
21、慰。中国军队在历次灾难救援中表现出的组织性、专业性、高效性赢得了人民群众的信任和赞誉。 China is one of the countries that are most affected by natural disasters. In peacetime, rescue and relief work is an important part of the mission of the Chinese military. Chinas armed forces always form task forces for rescue and relief work, taking on t
22、he most urgent, most difficult and most dangerous jobs. Chinese military personnel perform their rescue and relief work as if they were fighting a war, sometimes even at the risk of their own lives. Whenever the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) arrives at an area hit by a natural disaster, the local pe
23、ople will welcome them warmly and feel greatly relieved. The sense of organization, professionalism and efficiency they have displayed has helped them win the trust and praise of the public. 古希腊神话的最大特点就是神和人形相同、习相近。古希腊人按照人的形象来创造神，神有人的感情欲望。而中国古代神话中的神大多距离人类生活较远。中国神话中正面形象的神多具有崇高的品格、伟大的志向以及为实现伟大理想而斗争的不屈不
24、挠的精神。他们承担着维护宇宙秩序的崇高责任，是社会道德的楷模。可以说中国古代神话中的神多具有超凡脱俗的品格，神性多于人性。The most important characteristic of ancient Greek mythology is that gods and humans are similar, both in physical appearance and personality. Ancient Greeks created their gods in their own image, and their gods have human emotions and des
25、ires. In Chinese mythology, however, the life of the gods is very different from that of humans. The good gods in Chinese mythology have a noble character, express great aspirations, and show perseverance in fighting for great ideals. They have the noble duty of maintaining the order of the universe; they are social and moral role models. It can be said that the gods in Chinese mythology have extraordinarily noble characters, and possess more of the qualities of gods than of humans.
