1、第 1 页 共 8 页动名词与现在分词用法的区别动词的-ing 形式按功能可分为动名词和现在分词。动词的-ing 形式何时为动名词，何时为现在分词。首先，我们要从概念上区分。动词的-ing 形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词或副词时，称为现在分词。其次，我们要从用法方面区分动词的-ing 形式是动名词还是现在分词。一、动词的-ing 形式用作主语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。1动名词用作主语.Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话
2、等于对牛弹琴。Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。2有时 it 作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面Its nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。Its a wonder meeting you here. 在这里碰到你真是奇迹。It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。3. “There is
3、 + no”后可以用动名词作主语There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论。二、动词的-ing 形式用作宾语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。1有许多动词可接动名词作宾语I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。So you prefer living abroad? 这样说你更愿意住在国外？He kept complaining. 他不停地抱怨。I finished reading the book l
4、ast night. 这书我昨晚看完了。2有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了。Prices keep on increasing. 价格不断上涨。三、当动词的-ing 形式用作状语时为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。现在分词及其短语可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。第 2 页 共 8 页Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.我们爬
5、到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。（表时间）Living in the country, we had few social engagements.我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。（表原因）Having money, he will buy a bigger car.（表条件）Knowing the secret, she would not tell me about it.（表让步）The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了.（表结果）He stood leaning ag
6、ainst the wall. 他靠墙站着.（表方式或伴随情况）四、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing 的作用相当于名词时为动名词。当动词的-ing 的作用相当于形容词时，动词的-ing 为现在分词。1动名词用作表语Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及时到达那里。2现在分词用作表语The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞。This story is very i
7、nteresting. 这个故事很有趣。The day was so charming. 天气真是好极了。The difference was most striking. 差别很明显。五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，即: 现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。通常能改为一个定语从句。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，或用途或功能. 两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。因此，只能改为一个 for 加动名词的短语。1动名词作定语，动名词表性质或用途或功能。swimming pool 游泳池 drinking water 饮用水swimming suit 游泳衣 wa
8、iting room 候车室sleeping bag 睡袋 parking lot 停车场sleeping pill 安眠药 writing desk 写字桌 sewing machine 缝纫机 writing paper 信纸 operating table 手术室 checking account 活期账户第 3 页 共 8 页diving suit 潜水衣 reading room 阅览室diving board 跳板 playing ground 运动场washing machine 洗衣机 boxing competition 拳击比赛washing powder 洗衣粉 spea
9、king contest 演讲比赛fishing pole 钓鱼杆 fishing line 钓鱼线2现在分词作定语developing countries 发展中国家 a booming town 日渐繁荣的城镇growing doubts 越来越大的怀疑 the existing condition 现有条件 the remaining days 剩下的岁月 lasting peace 持久的和平a falling star 流星 the leading newspapers 主要报纸the ruling class 统治阶级 living things 有生命的东西 the ageing
10、 population 老化的人口 the rising generation 成长的一代 六、动名词与现在分词都可以用作补语，但现在分词用作宾语补语时，与前面的宾语构成复合宾语。具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词，如：smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等。另外，有些使役动词如 have, set, get, catch, keep, leave 等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。还有，作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有 as，前面的动词多用regard, consider, describe, see, think o
11、f 等。现在分词用作主语补语，多用在被动结构中，与主语构成复合主语。而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没这些规定。1动名词用作补语I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。（robbing 是宾语补语）This is called turning things upside down. 这叫做把事物颠倒了。（turning 是主语补语）2现在分词用作补语We found him waiting to receive us. 我们发现他等着欢迎我们。We kept the fire burning all the time. 我们使火一直燃烧
12、着。They described the young man as having initiative and drive.他们说这青年积极肯干。He was seen going upstairs. 有人看见他上楼。第 4 页 共 8 页现在分词和动名词练习（1）现在分词1. The old farmer,_ the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of theburning house, _for help. A. supporting; calling B. supported by; called C. being support
13、ed by; called D. being supporting; called 2. - Oh, its already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening? - Well go on with the matter_ this afternoon. A. be discussed B. being discussing C. discussed D. which discussed 3. The brave man died,_ his young wife nothing but a_ cot
14、tage. A. left; breaking B. leaving; broken C. left; broken D. to leave; breaking 4. _hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam. A. Having been worked B. Not to have worked C. Having never worked D. Never have worked 5._the exam, the boy was punished by his father. A. No passing B. Having pas
15、sed C. Not passing D. Not having passed 6. Time_, I can have done it better. A. permit B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit 7._, the boy couldnt enter his house. A. Since the key has lost B. The key been lost C. Lost the key D. Having lost the key 8. _into many languages, the story is well kno
16、wn all over the world now. A. Being translated B. Having translated C. To be translated D. Having been translated 9. _for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do. A. Having blamed B. To blame C. Being to be blame D. Being to blame 10. _from h
17、eart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. 第 5 页 共 8 页A. Suffered B. To suffer C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 11. _from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. A. Judging B. Judged C. To judge D. Judge 12. _with fright, a hun
18、gry fox hid himself in a small cave, _his tail to the rain. A. Trembling; exposing B. Trembled; exposed C. Trembled; exposing D. Trembling; exposed 13. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou_. A. including B. being including C. to include D. included 14. -Who were those people with the
19、flags? -A group_itself the League of Peace. A. calls B. calling C. called D. being called 15. _you the truth, she knows nothing about it. A. Tell B. Telling C. To tell D. Told 16. We slept with the light_ all night long last night. A. burnt B. to burn C. being burnt D. burning 17. Linda cant attend
20、the party_ at Toms house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party_ at Maries house tomorrow. A. being held; to be held B. to be held; held C. held; being held D. to be held; to be held 18. The situation is more _than ever. Im _about what to do next. A. puzzled; puzzled B. puzzling;
21、 puzzling C. puzzling; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling 19. When_ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed. A. find B. finding C. found D. to find 20. _her mother had come, her face lit up. A. Hearing B. Having heard C. When hearing D. When she heard 21. Daddy didnt mind what we wer
22、e doing, as long as we were together, _fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having22. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.第 6 页 共 8 页A. run B. running C. being run D. to run23. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung24. I couldnt do
23、my homework with all that noise _.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 25. _from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A.Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated 26. A
24、cook will be immediately fired if he is found_in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked27. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information.A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hopekey: 1-5. ACBCD 6-10 CDDDC 11-15 AADBC 16-20 DACBD 21-27 DBBACBB（2）动名词1. No one enjoys_at.A. laughing B.
25、to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2. You must do something to prevent your house_ .A. to be broken in B. from being broken inC. to break in D. from breaking in 3. They insisted on_another chance to try.A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given4. Where is my passport? I remember_it he
26、re.You shouldnt have left it here. Remember_it with you all the time.A. to put; to take B. putting ;taking C. putting ;to take D. to put ;taking 5. His room needs_, so he must have it .A. painting; painted B. painted; paintingC. painting; painting D. painted; painted 6. After finishing his homework
27、he went on_a letter to his parents.第 7 页 共 8 页A.write B.writing C.wrote D.to write 7. The young trees we planted last week require_with great care.A. looking after B. to look after C. to be looked after D. taken good care of 8. Only_English doesnt mean_the language.A.to learn; to learn B.learning; l
28、earningC.learning about; learn D.learning about; learning 9. She returned home only to find the door open and something_.A.missed B.to be missing C.missing D.to be missed 10. She decided to devote herself_the problem of old age.A.to study B.studying C.to studying D.study 11. Remember_the newspaper w
29、hen you have finished it. A.putting back B.put back C.to put back D.be put back 12. As she is looking forward to_from me, please remember_this letter on your way to school. A.hear; post B.hearing; to post C.be heard; posting D.be hearing; to posting 13. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble_you
30、r handwriting.A.to read B.to see C.reading C.in seeing 14. Writing stories and articles_what I enjoy most.A.is B.are C.was D.were 15. We appreciate_us to the ball.A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited 16. Would you mind_quiet for a moment? Im trying_a form.A. keeping; fil
31、ling out B. to keep; to fill outC. keeping; to fill out D. to keep; filling out 17. He was afraid_for being late.A.of seeing B.of being seen C.to be seen D.to have seen 18. Id like to suggest_the meeting till next week.A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off 19. I dont see how I cou
32、ld possibly manage_the work without .第 8 页 共 8 页A. finish; helping B. to finish; being helpedC. finishing; helping D. finishing; being helped 20. Anything worth_is worthy of_well.A.doing; being done B. doing; doingC. to be done; to be done D. to be done; being done 21. We advised them to take a rest
33、, but they insisted_the work.A.finish B.to finish C.in finishing D.on finishing 22. I delayed_your letter because I had been away for a week.A.answer B.answering C.writing D.to post 23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape_by the police.A.to be caught B.he caught C.being caught D.catching 2
34、4. I searched for my wallet and it wasnt there. At first, I thought I_it at home. Then I remembered_it out to pay for the taxi.A.must have left; to take B.may leave; takingC.might leave; to take D.could have left; taking 25. _the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears.A.After hearing B.On he
35、aring C.While hearing D.Having heared 26. _his mother, the baby could not help .A.To see; to laugh B.Seeing; to laughC. Seeing; laughing D.To see; laughing 27. Its no use_so much money on clothes.A.spend B.spent C.spending D.being spent 28. The sentence needs_.A.improve B.a improvement C.improving D
36、.improved 29. If he succeeded_a job, his children wouldnt be suffering from hunger now.A.to find B.to look for C.in finding D.in looking for 30. I still remember_to my home town when I was young.A.taking B.taken C.being taken D.to take1-5 CBCCA 6-10.DADCC 11-15.CBCAC 16-20.CBBBA 21-25.DBCDB 26-30.CCCCC
