1、 英语语法副词副词及其基本用法 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置1） 在动词之前。2） 在 be 动词、助动词之后。 3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意：a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如： We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。b. 方式副词 well，badly，hard 等只放在句尾。例如：He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。二、副词的排列顺序：1） 时间，地点副词2） 方式副词
2、：短的在前，长的在后，并用 and 或 but 等连词连接。例如：Please write slowly and carefully. 请写得慢一些，仔细一些3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+ 方式+时间副词。注意：副词 very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。I like English very much.注意：副词 enough 要放在形容词的后面，名词前。例如：The book is good enough to read.There is enough food for everyone to eat. 三兼有两种形式的副词 1） close 与 closelyclose 意思是
3、“近“；closely 意思是“仔细地“ 。例如：He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。Watch him closely. 盯着他。2） late 与 latelylate 意思是“晚“ ；lately 意思是“最近“。例如：You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗？3） deep 与 deeplydeep 意思是“深“ ，表示空间深度；deeply 时常表示感情上的深度， “深深地“。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud
4、.他把棍子深深插进泥里。Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。4） high 与 highlyhigh 表示空间高度；highly 表示程度，相当于 much。例如：The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。5） wide 与 widelywide 表示空间宽度；widely 意思是“ 广泛地“，“ 在许多地方“。例如：He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。English is wide
5、ly used in the world. 英语在世界范围内广泛使用。6） free 与 freelyfree 的意思是 “免费“；freely 的意思是“无限制地“。例如：You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以畅所欲言，想说什么就说什么。与形容词同形的副词和以-ly 结尾的副词有些词既是形容词又是副词，但如果其后加-ly，就构成了另一种形式的副词，两种形式副词的意义既有区别又有联系。例词 例句direct
6、不绕圈子地，径直地，直接地directly 直率地，立刻The plane goes direct from Beijing to Shanghai.She has never spoken directly about Jim.free 免费地，随意地freely 自由地，无限制地You can eat free in my restaurant.You can speak freely,say what you said.hard 艰苦地，努力地hardly 几乎不Our teacher always works hard.I can hardly hear what you said.l
7、ate 迟地，晚Lately 近来You have come late.Where have you been lately?loud 大声地loudly 大声地（含有吵闹的意思）Please speak a little louder.They are arguing loudly.most 最，大部分地mostly 主要地，大部分地I like spring most.The medicine was mostly sugar and water.near 接近nearly 几乎Come near and I will tell you a good news.The old man is
8、 nearly 90 years old.四形容词与副词的比较级 大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1） 规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est 来构成比较级和最高级。构成法 原级 比较级 最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttall taller tallest以不发音的 e 结尾的单音词和少数以- le 结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stnice nicer nicest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-es
9、tbig bigger biggest“以辅音字母+y“结尾的双音节词，改 y 为 i，再加-er， -est busy busier busiest少数以-er,-ow 结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-estclever/narrow cleverer/ narrowercleverest/ narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加 more，most 来构成比较级和最高级important/ easilymore important/ more easilymost important/ most easily2） 不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good better bestwe
10、ll（健康的）bad worse worstill（有病的）old older/elder oldest/eldestmuch/many more mostlittle less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthest五 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 1）在否定句或疑问句中可用 so as。例如：He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。2）当 as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如：This is as good an ex
11、ample as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在 as 的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房间和我的一样大。4）倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ the + of。例如：This bridge is three times as long as that o
12、ne. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。Your room is twice the size of mine.六比较级形容词或副词 + than 。例如：You are taller than I. 你比我高。They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮。注意： 1）要避免重复使用比较级。（错） He is
13、more cleverer than his brother.（对） He is more clever than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。（错） China is larger than any country in Asia.（对） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to ca
14、rry it out.4）要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.七可修饰比较级的词 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等。2）还
15、可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词（除 by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题：1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite 修饰原级，well 的比较级为 better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much答案：C.
16、much 可修饰比较级，因此 B，C 都说得通，但 easier 本身已是比较级，不需 more，因此 C 为正确答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time答案：D。八many, old 和 far 1） 如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词， many more +可数名词复数。 2） old 有两种比较级和最高级形式:
17、older/oldest 和 elder/eldest。elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。例如：My elder brother is an engineer. 我哥哥是个工程师。Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 玛丽是三姐妹中最大的。3） far 有两种比较级，farther，further。一般 father 表示距离，further 表示进一步。例如：I have nothing further to say. 我没什么要说了。九 the + 最高级 + 比较范围 1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可
18、不用。例如：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常“。例如：It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。（错） Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.（对） Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2） 下列
19、词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。注意：a. very 可修饰最高级，但位置与 much 不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如：Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。3） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如：Mike is the most intelligent in his c
20、lass. 马克是班上最聪明的。Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4） “否定词语+比较级“，“ 否定词语+ so as“结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如：Nothing is so easy as this. 没比这更简单的了。=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.十 和 more 有关的词组， 1） the morethe more 越就越。例如：The harder you work，the greater progress y
21、oull make. 越努力，进步越大。2） more B than A=less A than B 与其说 A 不如说 B。例如：He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时，与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。3） no more than 与 一样，不比 多。例如：The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。no less than 与一样。例如：He is no less diligent t
22、han you. 他和你一样勤勉。4） more than 不只是，非常。例如：She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。典型例题1）The weather in China is different from_.A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America 答案：D. 本题意为“中国的天气比美国热。“ 比较的是天气而不是国家，C 不能选。A 没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B 和 D 中，B 中的 one 常用来代替可数名词，而 that 可车以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选
23、D。2）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 形容词和副词练习1. A new shopping center on the north side will have _.a. five hundred more than shops b. as more than five hundred shops
24、c. five hundred shops more than d. more than five hundred shops2. They _ thought that the truth would be finally discovered.a. little b. not c. small d. bit3. They hardly believe that the apartment which costs them $ 4,000 is _.a. so small b. such little c. so little d. such small4. The chairman ask
25、ed _ to write their questions on a piece of paper and send them to the front.a. the present members b. the members presently c. the members present d. the presently members5. The price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid _ he asked.a. three times much as b. three times as many as c. as thr
26、ee times much as d. three times as much as6. The trousers are _, but Tom does not care a bit.a. too a little small b. a little too small c. a too little small d. a small too little7. She wore a dress to the party that was far more attractive than _.a. other girls b. that of other girls c. the other
27、girls d. those of other girls8. he can play tennis better than _ in the class.a. any boys b. any other boy c. any boy d. any other9. Kasia is taking her _ tour of the shops in search of bargains.a. daily b. day c. day time d. night10. _ the child expresses his interest in an activity, the stronger i
28、t will become.a. The more frequent b. The frequenter c. The more frequently d. the frequentlier11. Wed better wait _ , Peter and Tom will come very soon.a. a little longer b. more longer c. long d. as longer12. Although the medicine tastes _, it seems to help my condition.a. bad b. badly c. too much
29、 bad d. too badly13. I was worried very much because Ill miss my flight if the bus arrives _. a. lately b. late c. latter d. more later14. The noise outside was _ his speech was hardly audible.a. too irritating that b. so irritating so c. so irritating that d. so irritating enough that15. The harder
30、 the shrub is to grow, _.a. the more higher price it b. the higher price it isc. the higher the price is d. the higher is the price16. We arrived _ Professor Baker had already called the roll.a. so lately that b. as late that c. so later that d. so late that17. Her little car isnt _ to seat more than two people comfortably.a. big enough b. enough big c. so big enough d. big as enough
