1、考研作文词汇部分考研作文基本上分为图画作文和图表作文，而近年来只考了图画作文，因此我们已总结图画作文为重点，对图表作文只做一般介绍处理。此部分主要总结作文常用的词汇，包括作文中常应用的连词、以及常用的热点词汇(纵观今年来的作文，主要涉及文化教育、健康、环保等问题)。一、图表作文常用词汇：表格图 table ；图表 chart; diagram graph column描述：show; describe; illustrate; reveal; represent数字 figure;数据 statistic;百分比 percentage;比例 proportion上升：increase rise
2、 ascend core surge go up climb mount level up下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down平稳: stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to波动: fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down占: occupy take up account for gain而: while however whereas on the other hand
3、 actually/in fact相比: by contract on the contrary likewise compared with最高点: the highest the top the summit the peak the most最低点: bottom less least rock bottom平均: mean average趋势: tendancy trend inclination预见: prediction达到顶峰: mount to由组成：consist of/be made up of /be composed of占 44%比例：account for /mak
4、e up 44 percent位居第一：rank the first仅次于 is second to居第二位：in second spot倒数第一 is the last one第二大部份 rank the second/the second largest section与.相比：compared withA 与 B 成比例 A be in proportion to B差不多：About/around/roughly多达 as many as正好：Exactly/precisely水平：level off二、图画作文常用词汇：(1)常见热点词汇：1.素质教育：Quality Educati
5、on2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数 Educational quotient,另一种情感商数 Emotional quotient3.保险业： the insurance industry4.保证重点指出： ensure funding for priority areas5.补发拖欠的养老金： clear up pension payments in arrears6.不良贷款： non-perFORMing loan7.层层转包和违法分包： mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting8.城乡信用社： credit cooper
6、ative in both urban and rural areas9.城镇居民最低生活保障： a minimum standard of living for city residents10.城镇职工医疗保障制度： the system of medical insurance for urban workers11.出口信贷： export credit12.贷款质量： loan quality13.贷款质量五级分类办法： the five-category assets classification for bank loans14.防范和化解金融风险： take precautio
7、ns against and reduce financial risks15.防洪工程： flood-prevention project16.非法外汇交易： illegal foreign exchange transaction17.非贸易收汇： foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels18.非银行金融机构： non-bank financial institutions19.费改税： transFORM administrative fees into taxes20.跟踪审计： foolow-up auditing21.工
8、程监理制度： the monitoring system for projects22.国有资产安全： the safety of state-owned assets23.过度开垦： excess reclamation24.合同管理制度： the contract system for governing projects25.积极的财政政策： pro-active fiscal policy26.基本生活费： basic allowance27.解除劳动关系： sever labor relation28.金融监管责任制： the responsibility system for fi
9、nancial supervision29.经济安全： economic security30.靠扩大财政赤字搞建设： to increase the deficit to spend more on development31.扩大国内需求： the expansion of domestic demand32.拉动经济增长： fuel economic growth33.粮食仓库： grain depot34.粮食收购企业： grain collection and storage enterprise35.粮食收购资金实行封闭运行： closed operation of grain p
10、urchase funds36.粮食销售市场： grain sales market37.劣质工程： shoddy engineering38.乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款： arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines39.骗汇、逃汇、套汇： obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage40.融资渠道： financing channels41.商业信贷原则： th
11、e principles for commercial credit42.社会保险机构： social security institution43.失业保险金： unemployment insurance benefits44.偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税： tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes45.外汇收支： foreign exchange revenue and spending46.安居工程： housing project for low-income urban residents47.信息化： inFORMation-bas
12、ed; inFORMationization48.智力密集型： concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive49.外资企业： overseas-funded enterprises50.下岗职工： laid-off workers51.分流： reposition of redundant personnel52.素质教育： education for all-round development53.豆腐渣工程： jerry-built projects54.社会治安情况： law-and-order situation55.民族国家： n
13、ation state56. “台独”： “independence of Taiwan“57.台湾当局： Taiwan authorities58.台湾同胞： Taiwan compatriots59.台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分：Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.60.西部大开发： Development of the West Regions61.可持续性发展： sustainable development62.风险投资： risk investment63.通货紧缩： deflation64.扩大内需： t
14、o expand domestic demand65.计算机辅助教学： computer-assisted instruction (CAI)66.网络空间： cyberspace67.虚拟现实： virtual reality68.网民： netizen (net citizen)69.电脑犯罪： computer crime70.电子商务： the e-business71.网上购物： shopping online72.应试教育： exam-oriented education73.学生减负： to reduce study load74. “厄尔尼诺”：(EL Nino)75. “拉尼
15、娜”：(La Nina)76. “智商”：(IQ)77. “情商”：(EQ)78. “第三产业”：(third/tertiary industry, service sector, third sequence of enterprises)79.“第四产业”：(quaternary/inFORMation industry)79. “军嫂”：(military spouse)80. “峰会”(香港译“极峰会议”)”：summit (conference81. “克隆”：clone82. “冰毒”：ice83. “摇头丸”：dancing outreach84. “传销”：multi leve
16、l marketing85. “(计算机)2000 年问题”：Y2K problem (y for year, k for kilo or thousand)86. “白皮书”：white paper (不是 white cover book)87. “傻瓜相机”：Instamatic (商标名，焦距、镜头均固定，被称为 foolproof 相机)；88. “白条”：IOU note (IOU：债款、债务，由 I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来)89. “巡回招聘”：milk round (一种招聘毕业生的方式，大公司走访各大学及学院，向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈)。90. “减员
17、增效”：increase efficiency by downsizing staff;91. “抓大放小”：manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones;92. “市政府要办的 X 件实事”：x major projects that should be given top priority as designated on the municipal governments working agenda;93. “两个基本点”：two focal points, two of the major point
18、s of the line set by the 13th Congress of the CPC, I. e. upholding the four cardinal principles and the policies reFORM, opening to the outside world and invigorating domestic economy。94. “投资热点”：a region attractive to investors, a muchsought piece of hand, popular investment spot95. “移动电话”：本系 cellul
19、ar (有时简作 cel)或 mobile (tele) phone96. “三角债”：chain debts 或 debt chains97. “拳头产品”：knockout product98. “投诉热线”：dial-a-cheat confidential hotline (打电话告诉一件欺诈事件)99. “三通”的现译文 three links：link of trade, travel and post100. “外资”：overseas investments101. “开放”：open to the outside world102. “联防”：community/teampo
20、licing (一种由警察和辖区居民共同参与的治安管理)103. “三陪服务”：escort services (陪伴服务)。104. “五讲四美”：five stresses and four points of beauty105. “暴利”：excessive/extravagant/exorbitant/sudden huge profit (windfall profit 也好)106. “暴发户”：upstart, parvenu, noov (e)，nouveau riche (new rich)，jumped-up people (口语)107. “快餐”：snack (foo
21、d)，quick meal, fast (food, meal)，takeaway, carryout, MRE (meals ready to eat) “一次(性/用)”108.一次处理：single/primary treatment;109.一次污染：primary pollution;110.一次冻透：straight; freez-ing;111.一次空气：fresh/primary air;112.一次爆破：onepull;113.一次付清： pay in full;114.一次消费：one-time-consumption;115.一次误差：first-order error;
22、116.一次成像照片：a Polaroid picture;117.一次偿还信贷： non-in-stallment;118.一次性杯子：sanitary cup;119.一次性筷子：disposable chopsticks;120.一次性收入：lump-sum payment;121.一次用包装：non-returnable container;122.一次用相机：single-use camera123.西部开发：Develop Western Regions124.假日经济：Holiday Economy125.手机的利与弊：Advantages and Disadvantages o
23、f the Cell Phone126.传呼机不久将会被淘汰吗？：Can Beepers Be Soon Out of Use?127.电脑病毒：Computer Viruses128.网上犯罪：Cyber Crimes129.旅游热：Tourism Wave130.打拐：Cracking Down on the Abduction of Women and Children131.反毒斗争：Anti-drug Battle132.黑客：Hackers133.减负：Reduction of Students Study Load134.中国加入世贸组织：Chinas Entry into th
24、e WTO135.沙尘暴：Sandstorms136.告别 1999：Farewell to the Special Year 1999137.千年虫：The Millennium Bug138.千禧年的梦想：My Millennium Dreams139.拥抱新千年：Embracing the New Millennium140.网上购物：Shopping on the Net141.参考书的负面效应：My View on the Negative Effects of Reference Books142.因特网的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of I
25、nternet143.人类第一张基因草图的意义：The Significance of the First Working Draft of Human Genome Map144.高校合并：The Merging of Universities145.网上求职：Hunting for A Job on Internet146.何为新世纪的好老师？：What Is a Good Teacher in the Next Century?147.中国的外资：Chinas foreign Investment148.中国的人才流失：The Talent Flight in China149.性教育：
26、Sex Education150.明天的因特网：The Future Tomorrows Internet151.课堂是以教师为中心还是以学生为中心？：A Teacher-centered Class or A Student-centered Class?152.现有的考试制度的利与弊：The Positive and Negative Aspects of Exams and the Existing Examination System153.中国的因特网：Internet in China154.中国的电脑：Computers in China155.中国的大学英语教学：College
27、 English Teaching in China156.新的收费政策把学生拒之门外了吗？：Does New Tuition Policy Keep Students Away?157.家教的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring158.教师，国家的未来：Teachers, A Nations Future159.电子词典：Electronic Dictionaries160.教育应是应试教育还是素质教育：Education: Examination-oriented or Quality-oriented161.提倡创新精神：D
28、evelop Our Creative Mind162.计算机辅助教学：CAI/Computer Assisted Instruction163.自动取款机的利与弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the ATM164.展望廿一世纪：Looking Forward to the 21st Century165.盗版问题：Problem of Piracy166.学会如何学习：Learn How to Learn167.假文凭：Fake Diplomas168.书的不良影响：My View on the Negative Effects of Books169.人
29、们为什么热衷于摸彩票？：Why Do People Like to Try Their Luck on Lottery?170.兼职工作：My View on a Part-time Job171.无偿献血：Blood Donation without Repayment172.留学海外：Studying Abroad173.发展经济还是保护环境？：Developing Economy or Protecting the Environment?174.电子邮件：The Internet E-mail175.拥抱知识经济的新时代：Embracing the Knowledge Economy
30、Age176.努力更新知识：Trying to Renew Knowledge177.深化(中国的)改革：Deepen Chinas ReFORM178.因特网的利与弊：The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet179.我们需要因特网吗？：Do We Need Internet?180.大学英语考试：College English Test181.大学英语四、六级考试有必要吗？：Is the College English Test Band 4/Band 6 Necessary?182.廿一世纪的青年人：The Youth and the 21s
31、t Century(2)分类热点词汇：1.涉及文化教育的词汇：自学成才 to become educated through independent study启发式 elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method填鸭式教学法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching普及教育 universal education义务教育 compulsory education; free education学前教育 preschool education初等教育 elementary education中等教
32、育 secondary education高等教育 higher/tertiary education普遍教育 general education成人教育 adult education职业技术教育 vocational and technical education国家教育委员会 State Education Commission高等学校 institution of higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university文科大学 university of liberal arts文科院校 colleges of art理工科大学 college/u
33、niversity of science and engineering师范大学 normal university; teachers university师范学院 teachers college工业大学 polytechnical university工业学院 engineering institute农业大学 agricultural university农学院 agricultural college医科大学 medical university医学院 medical college/school中医院 institute of traditional Chinese medicin
34、e音乐学院 conservatory of music美术学院 academy of fine arts体育学院 physical culture institute分校 branch school重点学校 key school业余学校 spare-time school业余职工大学 spare-time college for staff and workers电视广播大学 television and radio broadcasting university函授学院 correspondence school教师进修学校 teachers college for vocational s
35、tudies成人夜校 night school for adults业余艺术/体育学校 amateur arts/athletic school半工半读学校 part-work and part-study school中等专业学校 secondary specialized school; polytechnic school中等技术学校 secondary technical school; technical secondary school职业学校 vocational school附中 attached middle school在职进修班 in-service training c
36、ourse进修班 class for advanced studies短训班 short-term training course专修科 special (training) course自学考试 self-taught examination教职员 teaching and administrative staff教学人员 the faculty; teaching staff中、小学校长 headmaster/headmistress; principal大专院校校长 president; chancellor教务长 dean of studies(系)主任 chairman; chair
37、person副主任 vice-chairman教授 professor副教授 associate professor客座教授 visiting professor; guest professor讲师 lecturer助教 assistant专职教师 full-time teacher兼职教师 part-time teacher辅导员 assistant for political and ideological work教研室/组 teaching and research section/group教学组 teaching group教员休息室 staff room; common roo
38、m母校 Alma Mater校友 alumnus; alumna学生会 students union/association高年级学生 upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades低年级学生 lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades走读生 day student; non-resident student住宿生 boarder旁听生 auditor研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student)应
39、届毕业生 graduating student/pupil; this years graduates听课 to visit a class; to sit in on a class; p to attend a lecture公开课 open class课程 course; curriculum必修课 required/compulsory course选修课 elective/optional course基础课 basic course专业课 specialized course课程表 school timetable课外活动 extracurricular activities课外辅
40、导 instruction after class课外阅读 outside reading课堂讨论 class discussion(大学的)研究小组；讨论会 seminar教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus教学内容 content of courses学习年限 period of schooling学历 record of formal schooling学年 school/academic year学期(school) term; semester学分 credit分数 mark; grade五分制 the 5-grade marking system百分制 1
41、00-mark system学习成绩 academic record; school record成绩单 school report; report card; transcript毕业论文 thesis; dissertation毕业实习 graduation field work毕业设计 graduation ceremony毕业典礼 graduation ceremony; commencement毕业证书 diploma; graduation certificate毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal授予某人学位 to confer a degree on sb.升级
42、to be promoted to a higher grade留级 to repeat the years work; to stay down补考 make-up examination升学 t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade奖学金 scholarship(国家)助学金(state) stipend/subsidy领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student学费 t
43、uition (fee)伙食费 board expenses伙食补助 food allowance文凭 diplomas and certificates考研热 the craze for graduate school study应试教育 the examination-oriented education义务教育 compulsory education复合型人才 interdisciplinary talents文化底蕴 the rich cultural deposits大学生创业 the university students innovative undertakings扩招 ex
44、pand enrollment被授予学位 be granted a an official certificate from高分低能 good scores but low qualities片面追求升学率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level退学 drop out of the school形成淘汰制度 frame an elimination system教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people因材施教 teach s
45、tudents according to their aptitude德才兼备 possess political integrity and professional ability品学兼优 be a students of fine qualities and fine scholar提高学生身心素质 improve the health and psychological quality适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes quickly满足社会的急需 meet the urgent need of the society保护知识产权 protect
46、the intellectual property才疏学浅 be wanting in ability and shallow in knowledge努力获得精神文明 make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress减轻负担 reduce the heavy burdens更加有意义和丰富的生活 a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life2.涉及工作的词汇：崇高职业 noble career白领工作 white-collar workers跳槽 job-hopping试用期 probatio
47、nary period人才流动和双向选择 talent flow and a dual-way selection自由职业 freelance work拜金主义 money worship获得名利 achieve fame and wealth充分发挥个人的潜力 develop fully ones potential and creativity实干精神 steadfast and earnest in ones work工作出色 excel in ones work无忧无虑 be care-free社会和个人的尊重 social and personal esteem生计问题 a brea
48、d and butter issue生活补助 living subsidies人才交流 talents exchange培养人才 cultivate talents推荐人才 recommend the virtuous and able人才外流 brain drain优化产业结构 optimize the structure精简人员 cut off the overstaffed offices提高综合素质 improve the comprehensive quality解决劳动就业问题 tackle the problem of labor force utilization砸掉大锅饭 s
49、hatter the convention of iron bowl坚持改革 be persistent in the reform progress造成失业问题 bring about the unemployment problem下岗人员 the laid-off workers自谋生路 be self-employed给出优惠政策 give preferential treatment享受失业救济金 enjoy unemployment pension需要安全感和生活保障 need a sense of security and guarantee of life劳动力短缺 shortage of manpower提高文化，智慧，品质修养 enhance their cultural and moral quality3.涉及环保的词汇污染 POLLUTION污染物 Pollutants农业废物 Agricultural wastes商业噪音 Commercial noise混合污染 Composite pollution作物废物 Crop waste火、火灾 Fire危险物质 Hazardous substances危险废物 Hazardous wastes重金属 Heavy metals医院废物 Hospital wastes工业废水
