1、一、概括的要求：简洁明了，主题突出。概括可采用总分的形式，即第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的（这句话举足轻重），后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，主题之外的内容要毫不吝啬地予以删除。二、概括的方法：1、使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式，或使用不同的句子结构表达同一意思，如改变语态、肯定变否定等，避免抄袭原文句子。2、议论性或论说文，概括时则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。 概括对方观点首先是要转换视角，即以“第三人称”或“无人称”来概括。3、如果给的阅读材料是一则故事，应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不能拖泥带水讲细节，而且最好讲出故事给你的启示或其中的一
2、个道理。4、如果是说明性或描述性短文，就必须用概括性的文字说明一现象。三、概括的写作步骤：1、寻找关键词。文章的关键词可结合“写”的任务中的“就”主题发表自己的看法的要求来确定。如，要求你“以约 120 词谈谈你理想的大学生活”，那么所阅读的文章的主题词就应是“college/university life”。2、确定主题句。文章的主题句首先可通过所给阅读材料的标题来确定,阅读材料的标题即是文章的论点或主题句。没有标题的文章，我们就尤应注意议论文、夹叙夹论文和说明文的第一段（总起段）和最后一段（总结段），或每一段的第一句或第二句（总起句）和最后一句（总结句）。没有主题句的需要自己组合。3、重构
3、主题句。概括的主题句要归纳总结性强，能涵盖后面所有的支撑句的内容。4、重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。四、概括的形式：“主题句+支撑句” 即“主题+主题的什么”。文体 主题句 支撑句议论文 文章论点（一句） 文章论据（两三句）记叙文 故事的写作目的/ 主题（一句） 故事大意（两三句）说明文 说明的对象/ 观点/ 现象 解释/ 分述五、概括的常用句式：记述文： “主题+故事简述”，其主要句型为：The story tells /emphasizes /focuses on the importance/ necessicities / advantage
4、s, disadvantages, reasons, ways, ideas, 议论文： “主题/论点+论据”，其主要句型为：论点/主题：The article mainly conveys the idea /discusses the problem/ reasons/ways/ideas, importance/effect/focuses on the idea/ tells us the fact that 论据：For example, /such as说明文：“主题+解释/分述”，其主要句型为：主题：This article points out/ talks about/tel
5、ls about the common phenomenon that 解释/分述：for example,写作内容学校最近组织了一次中美学生交流活动，你参加其中的“大学校园生活”讨论。听完 Mike 的发言之后，你准备写一份发言稿，题目是“Preparing Myself for College Life”, 内容要点包括：1. 以约 30 个词概括 Mike 的发言要点；2 然后以约 120 个词谈谈你理想的大学生活，内容包括：(1) 对中学生活的感受；(2) 理想的大学生活；(3) 中学生活和大学生活的差别，以及你打算如何适应。因为写作内容中已规定了你将进行的演讲的标题 “Prepari
6、ng Myself for College Life”， 而且还要求以 120 个词谈谈你理想的大学生活，所以，毫无疑问，此阅读材料的关键词为“College Life”。而此阅读材料主要表述 Mike 对大学生的看法或认识，是一篇夹叙夹议型的发言稿。此发言稿共有三段，其中，第一段讲述了适应大学生活的困难，第二段则阐述了适应期过后大学生活的优点，在第三段中 Mike 对大学生活提出了一个建议。而且，我们不难从文中找到主题句：第一段：The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment.第二段：Once that first se
7、mester was over and I got used to the college life, I loved it.第三段：One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. 找到主题句后，我们所要做的就是用自己的语言将这些每段话的主题句串联成文，从而我们得出如下概括：In his talk, Mike talks about how hard it was for him to adjust to college life and that he finds college life interes
8、ting after his tough adjustment. Also, he advises college students to be active on campus. (37 words)解读“读写任务”的概括技巧来源：08-09 学年度第一期 作者：清远市华侨中学 何燕萍 2008-11-06关于读写任务的概括，许多学生觉得茫然，不知该从何下手。其实，读写任务的概括并不难。从 2007 年和 2008 年的高考卷中，我们不难发现，所给的阅读材料在长度上、难度上都不能达到阅读理解题型的难度要求。一般说来，读写任务中所提供的阅读材料词数不超过 250（2007 年所提供的阅读材料有
9、 238 词，2008 年则为 186 词），要求概括的内容不超三段（2007 年只有一段话是要求概括的，而 2008 年则有三段），而且是生词极少、句型相对简单、几乎每一位学生都能理解的文章。因此，各位学生首先要增强信心，相信自己能很好地理解所给的阅读材料；再者，应了解概括的要求并掌握一定概括技巧，从而更出色地完成任务。一、概括的要求：简洁明了，主题突出。概括可采用总分的形式，即第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的（这句话举足轻重），后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，主题之外的内容要毫不吝啬地予以删除。二、概括的方法：1、使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式，或使用不同的句子
10、结构表达同一意思，如改变语态、肯定变否定等，避免抄袭原文句子。2、议论性或论说文，概括时则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。概括对方观点首先是要转换视角，即以“第三人称”或“无人称”来概括。3、如果给的阅读材料是一则故事，应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不能拖泥带水讲细节，而且最好讲出故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。4、如果是说明性或描述性短文，就必须用概括性的文字说明一现象。三、概括的写作步骤：1、寻找关键词。文章的关键词可结合“写”的任务中的“就”主题发表自己的看法的要求来确定。如，要求你“以约 120 词谈谈你理想的大学生活”，那么所阅读的文章的主题词就应是“college/
11、university life”。2、确定主题句。文章的主题句首先可通过所给阅读材料的标题来确定,阅读材料的标题即是文章的论点或主题句。没有标题的文章，我们就尤应注意议论文、夹叙夹论文和说明文的第一段（总起段）和最后一段（总结段），或每一段的第一句或第二句（总起句）和最后一句（总结句）。没有主题句的需要自己组合。3、重构主题句。概括的主题句要归纳总结性强，能涵盖后面所有的支撑句的内容。4、重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。四、概括的形式：“主题句+支撑句” 即“主题+主题的什么”。文体 主题句 支撑句议论文 文章论点（一句） 文章论据（两三句）记叙文 故
12、事的写作目的/ 主题（一句） 故事大意（两三句）说明文 说明的对象/ 观点/ 现象 解释/ 分述五、概括的常用句式：记述文： “主题+故事简述”，其主要句型为：The story tells /emphasizes /focuses on the importance/ necessicities / advantages, disadvantages, reasons, ways, ideas, 议论文： “主题/论点+论据”，其主要句型为：论点/主题：The article mainly conveys the idea /discusses the problem/ reasons/wa
13、ys/ideas, importance/effect/focuses on the idea/ tells us the fact that 论据：For example, /such as说明文：“主题+解释/分述”，其主要句型为：主题：This article points out/ talks about/tells about the common phenomenon that 解释/分述：for example,下面以 2008 年广东卷为例：阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my
14、first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the thin
15、gs you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick.Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I loved it good facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The Students Union orga
16、nized various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs.One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on the dance team in college and met a ton of people that wayit was so much easier to make friends when you
17、 had a common ground.写作内容学校最近组织了一次中美学生交流活动，你参加其中的“大学校园生活”讨论。听完 Mike 的发言之后，你准备写一份发言稿，题目是“Preparing Myself for College Life”, 内容要点包括：1. 以约 30 个词概括 Mike 的发言要点；2然后以约 120 个词谈谈你理想的大学生活，内容包括：(1) 对中学生活的感受；(2) 理想的大学生活；(3) 中学生活和大学生活的差别，以及你打算如何适应。因为写作内容中已规定了你将进行的演讲的标题 “Preparing Myself for College Life”， 而且还要求
18、以 120 个词谈谈你理想的大学生活，所以，毫无疑问，此阅读材料的关键词为“College Life”。而此阅读材料主要表述 Mike 对大学生的看法或认识，是一篇夹叙夹议型的发言稿。此发言稿共有三段，其中，第一段讲述了适应大学生活的困难，第二段则阐述了适应期过后大学生活的优点，在第三段中 Mike 对大学生活提出了一个建议。而且，我们不难从文中找到主题句：第一段：The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment.第二段：Once that first semester was over and I got used to
19、the college life, I loved it.第三段：One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. 找到主题句后，我们所要做的就是用自己的语言将这些每段话的主题句串联成文，从而我们得出如下概括：In his talk, Mike talks about how hard it was for him to adjust to college life and that he finds college life interesting after his tough adjustment. A
20、lso, he advises college students to be active on campus. (37 words)在“读写任务”中指导学生如何概括大意读写任务属于具有一定开放性的写作命题，它要求学生先通读一篇短文，然后用 30字左右概述短文的大意，再按要求进行作文。不少学生在概括短文大意这一环节就觉得难以下笔，据了解，困难之处包括：（1）缩不短；（2）抓不住重点；（3）不知道哪些内容该删减；（4）概括不全面。针对以上问题，第一步，我先向学生介绍概括大意常用到的几种方法：1. 综合归纳法如写事的文章。记叙文一般包含有时间、地点、人物和事件(主要经过）四要素。找出文中的四要素，
21、并合理组织它们，这就是主要内容。 (如果有故事的启示，要再加这一要素。）2. 段意归并法把每段的段意分主次连起来，就是文章的主要内容。 3. 抓重点词句（中心句、中心段或过渡段）有些文章结构上的总起句、过渡句、总结句或内容上的中心句结合起来就是文章的主要内容。 4. 取主舍次法即重点归纳法有时一篇文章，其重点部分十分突出，而全文的主要内容就在其中。因此，只要抓住这个重点部分的段落大意，再加上一些必要的补充交代，全文的主要内容就归纳出来了。 第二步，在以上四种方法中确定一种方法，通过不同难度和不同体裁的文章，让学生熟练掌握方法的技巧，做到归纳准确全面。我选定了“段意归并法”，因为高中学生接触的英
22、语文章多数层次较分明，各段意思较独立。文章（一）如下，这篇文章在语言理解方面难度较低，可以使学生集中注意力于大意的揣摸上。Learning to study is not difficult. The first thing to remember is that you must be willing to learn. It doesnt mean that you must always like the subject. It does mean, however, that you must be willing to learn whatever is necessary. Try
23、 to understand why it is important and how it will help you now and later. Knowing mathematical facts will be useful in your whole life. Knowing how to spell words makes any kind of writing easier. Sometimes the subject that you think is going to be uninteresting will be attractive when you begin to
24、 work on it. Learning things can be fun if you can try your best.Heres some advice for you. Have a certain time each day and a quiet place with good lighting for study, so that you can concentrate on your study without interruptions. Have everything ready before you sit down to study, a dictionary,
25、paper, a pen and books. Be sure you understand what you should learn before you start. Read carefully and pay special attention to the most important things. When memorizing, find out the main parts and then recite the whole thing. Check your homework after you finish it. Never forget the importance
26、 of review and preview.该短文分为两个自然段，第一段的第一个句子提出观点：Learning to study is not difficult. 第一段的其余部分都是在阐述分析该观点的前提条件。于是，在这一部分提炼主要意思并用“if“连接起来就是第一自然段的段落大意：The writer tells us that learning to study is not difficult if we are willing to learn and enjoy it. 第二段非常明显，第一个句子即是本段的主题句。其余部分是具体内容，应删减。但应提醒学生不可照搬，应该用自己的语
27、言换一种说法，如：He also gives us advice on how to learn well.然后把两个自然段的大意归并一起，得出短文的大意：The writer tells us that learning to study is not difficult if we are willing to learn and enjoy it. He also gives us advice on how to learn well.最后，在概括准确、全面的标准上，让学生互相交流，感受多种表达，比如：In the authors opinion, if you are willing
28、 to learn and try your best, youll find learning not difficult but fun. And some suggestions are put forward to help us to learn well.接下来，以相同的阅读、分析、思考、概括（分段概括后合并）的过程让学生学习如何概括语言理解程度深一点的文章，如以下选择的文章（二）Many people go to school for an education. They learn languages, history, geography, physics, chemistr
29、y and maths. Others go to school to learn a skill so that they can make a living. School education is very important and useful. Yet no one can learn everything from school. A teacher, no matter how much he knows, can not teach his students everything they want to know. The teachers job is to show h
30、is students how to learn. He teaches them how to read and how to think. Much more is to be learn outside school by the students themselves.It is always more important to learn to study by oneself than to learn every word from the book. Great scientists, such as Einstein, Newton and Galileo, didnt ge
31、t everything from school. But they were all so successful. The reason for their success is that they knew how to study. They worked hard all their lives, wasting not a single moment. They would ask many questions as they read and they did thousands of experiments.(概括范例一：Schools are the important pla
32、ce where people can get knowledge and skills. However, teachers job is not to teach students everything but to show them how to learn by themselves.Many great scientists succeeded because they knew how to self-study and use knowledge in practice.)(概括范例二：Schools are the important place where people c
33、an get knowledge and skills. However, teachers job is not to teach students everything but to show them how to learn by themselves. Many great scientists succeeded because they knew how to self-study and use knowledge in practice. )让学生接触学习概括语言理解程度更深的文章，如以下选择的文章（三）The UK is currently in the early sta
34、ges of introducing a National Identity Card scheme(制度). A debate concerning the issue is going on across the country. Those in favor think that it benefits the society. Identity cards will help to fight crime, terrorism, and fraud. If the police are able to check rapidly the identities of the people
35、 near a crime scene, their investigation will be both quicker and effective. It benefits the user as well. We need to establish that people are who they claim to be. Identity cards provide additional security in a modern society.Those who are against hold the view that introducing identity cards wou
36、ld threaten one of the most important rights of any man and woman-the right of privacy. A widely used identity card allow the state to watch closely the movements of its citizens. Identity cards for specific purpose (e.g., driving licenses) are permissible because these are limited and essentially v
37、oluntary. A compulsory universal card is not. It is inconvenient as well. It is unreasonable to expect people to carry a specific card at all times-sunbathing at the beach, dancing at a club etc. Perhaps worse, failure to present your card when asked could bring you in unnecessary trouble. （概括范例：The
38、 UK is introducing a National Identity Card scheme, which has led to a debate. Supporters believe that it will help to make the country safer and make it easier for users to believe in each other, while those who hold opposite view worry that the scheme will threaten peoples privacy and bring people
39、 inconvenience and trouble.）经过方法指导和循序渐进的训练，学生对“无从下手”的“30 词概括大意”逐渐感到可以操作，并喜欢上这种文段文字处理，且从中获得写作的动力和满足感。广东高考读写任务 - 概括 (2009-03-01 22:19:42) 标签：教育 分类：英语学习一、What is a Summary?It is a shortbut thoroughobjective restatement of the main idea and key points of a passage. A summary may also mention some of the
40、 examples the author used to illustrate key points.二、How to summarize ：a. 阅读材料,找关键词（句） ；找出全文主题句/中心句或关键词b. 理清关键词（句）间的关系；理清文章脉络，看看文章分几个要点来展开论述此主题.C. 改写在文章里直接找到的主题句/中心句（通过变换词汇、语态、句式等到方法）。d. 借助关键词，用自己的语言恰当地概括要点。注意：1、Mainly use the key words and phrases in the original passage. Do not include your own op
41、inion, but be sure to use our own words.2. Write it in the third person .（第三人称）3.Control the number of words between 28 and 35.4、 Write in the present tense (he shows, we work, they allow)三、议论性文体：1、概括所给短文内容要点 30 字 2、过渡词引出主题句-自己的观点-理由（100）3、总结句 约 10 字1. 第一段概括要做到开门见山: 例如: 1) According to the passage,
42、we know2) This article is mainly about3) The writer states that2、第二段:过渡词引出主题句-自己的观点-理由。 过渡用语： I do agree with the author In some way, I agree with , but This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical. It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, From my personal angle alone In my opinion,
43、 From my personal point of view As far as Im concerned 不同观点的表达：Different people hold different opinions.Opinions are divided.People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards .People have different opinions on this problem.People take different views on this question表达观点一:Some of us think/ hold
44、the view /are in favor of the idea thatThe reason is that.Besides, (Some are against the view that.) 表达观点二:(However/On the other hand), others have just the opposite opinion. They think thatWhats more,However, each coin has two sides.本人观点：As far as I am concerned, (In my opinion,; Its my opinion tha
45、t) For one reason, For another reasonIn a word,Only throughcan we have a bright future第三段最后一段 : 总结句开头用语： In conclusion, In short, To make a long story short, In general, In a word, In belief, On the whole, All in all,四、叙事性文体：（一）：概括部分1.The passage is about 2.The writer tells us about 3.The story is a
46、bout4.The author tells us that 5、In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of6、It is reported that（二）. How to write a transitional sentence 过渡句1. It occurs to me that a similar story of mine happened 3 years ago and taught me a lesson.2. I had a similar experience at one time, too.3
47、. As far as I am concerned, I have a similar experience .4. I have such a similar experience, too.5. I have a similar experience to the writers.6. I also have a similar experience.（三）The writing templet of a narrative (叙述类文章写作模板)：1. Title 2. Summary About the original passage ( About 30words)3. A transitional sentence4. A narrative (About the same topic) 叙述5. An ending paragraph (Point out the main idea)
