1、CCNU 版权所有 共同保护 ELIZA第 1 页 共 8 页高中英语 英语写作素材积累要提高写作能力，只知道写作技巧还不行。就像一个建楼房的人，知道怎样建房，甚至图纸都设计好了，但是没有材料，怎能建房呢？正所谓“仓里有粮，心中不慌”。所以在平时的训练中可选用以下的学习方法来使文章的句子合理流畅，内容生动充实，过渡自然，观点明确，条理清晰，语言优美。（1） 、准备一个写作档案袋，把平时遇到的好文章、好句子和好词组剪下来放到袋子里，定期进行记忆整理。（2） 、加工仿写美文。学生可建立个人的范文库，根据中学阶段对写作的基本要求进行模仿性写作练习。此外，当发现一些在内容上或文字上都非常好的句、篇时，
2、如一些谚语，学生应该把它们抄下来背会并学会在自己的写作中适当运用。（3） 、善于归纳。 学习过程中要注意归纳总结。学生可以把一些常用于写作中表示各种句子关系的词或词组及一些语篇衔接标志（如连接词）进行归纳。区分它们的用法，并对不同关系的连接词进行归类，这样写作时可信手拈来。如递进关系（besides, whats more, in addition, moreover, to make matters worse, whats worse, furthermore 等） ；转折关系（however, but, while, in spite of, otherwise 等） ；个人观点（in
3、my opinion, personally, as far as Im concerned, as for me, from my personal point of view 等） ；总结（in short, in a word, on the whole, all in all, to sum up briefly, in general, in conclusion 等）其它（for one thing, for another, last but not least, each coin has two sides, according to, compare to, on the
4、one hand, on the other hand, as a matter of fact 等） 。（4） 、建立个人写作模式，并逐渐形成自己的写作风格。（5） 、关注重点语言知识和一些比较地道的英语表达方式，并把它们进行整理，学会使用。 （如 fail to do sth, sth occurred to sb, available, obtain 等的使用）（6） 、学会扩展句子。如分析句子的主干，中间加一个定语从句进去，或改成名词性从句，或改成状语从句、并列句还有非谓语的使用等等。书面表达中的高级结构们高三英语教师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就得有高级句型和
5、高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高级词汇很神秘，高不可及。其实，未必如此！通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇和句型，供同学们参考。一、高级词汇1occur 替换 think ofSuddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me tha
6、t someone had broken into my house.2devote 替换 spendHe spends all his spare time in reading. He devotes all his spare time to reading.3seek 替换 want / look forThey sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees.4average 替换 ordinaryIm an average ( ordinary ) student.5but 替换 veryThe film we saw l
7、ast night was very interesting. The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.我CCNU 版权所有 共同保护 ELIZA第 2 页 共 8 页6seat 替换 sitOn his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried.7suppose 替换 shouldHe is suppo
8、sed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.8appreciate 替换 thankThank you very much for you help. We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.9the case 替换 trueI dont think it is the case ( true ).10on 替换 as soon asAs soon as he arrived, he began his research. On his arrival, he
9、began his research.11due to 替换 because ofHe arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm. 12cover 替换 walk/readAfter covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.13contribute to 替换 be helpful/usefulPlenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly
10、 contribute to English study.14round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans? Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby). 15come to light 替换 discoverThe family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. The fami
11、ly were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16have a ball 替换 have a good time/ enjoy oneselfAfter visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).17come up with 替换 think ofJack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas.18se
12、t aside 替换 saveSome students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004 天津卷)19be of + n. 替换 adj.The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.20refer to 替换 talk about/of, mentionThe professor you referred to (talked about ) is very f
13、amous.21can not but / can not help but 替换 have to doI could not but (had to) go home.22more often than not 替换 usuallyMore often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23lest 替换 so that /in order thatI wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. I wrote
14、 down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it.24be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换 want to do sth./wish forI want to see you very much. I am long to see you.25be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to 替换 be interested in He is caught up in ( very interested in ) colle
15、cting stamps.26more than 替换 very Im very glad to learn that you are coming in September. Im more than glad to learn that you are coming in September. ( NMET 2003 )CCNU 版权所有 共同保护 ELIZA第 3 页 共 8 页 If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.(2004 全国卷)27perfect (ly) 替换 good
16、/ very wellHe speaks perfect ( good ) English./ He speaks English perfectly ( very well ).28do sb a/the favor 替换 helpWould you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn down the radio?29the other day 替换 a few days agoThe other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. ( NMET 1997 )30in th
17、e course of 替换 during In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.31the majority of 替换 mostThe majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.32consist of 替换 be made up ofOur class consist
18、s of ( is made up of ) 50 students.33be worn out 替换 be tired / broken After five hours non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired). My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.34become of 替换 happenWhat do think has become of ( happened to ) him ?35attend to 替换 look after 36on condition
19、that 替换 as long as37nevertheless 替换 however38express ones satisfaction with 替换 be satisfied with 39spare no efforts to do 替换 try ones best to do40many a 替换 many41be rushed off ones feet 替换 be busy in doing42a handful of 替换 a little / some43meanwhile 替换 at the same time44get to ones feet 替换 stand up
20、45beneath 替换 under46occasionally 替换 sometimes /once in while47for instance 替换 for example48seldom 替换 not often49wealthy 替换 rich50amazing 替换 surprising 51as a matter of fact 替换 in fact二、写作高级短语积累 1. be closely related to与息息相关2. be essential to sb 对某人来说必不可少3. in a society with more competitions and cha
21、llenges / in a competitive society4. feel frustrated (挫折的）/ discouraged 5. a precious (宝贵的) experience6. raise / arouse the awareness of 7. acquire knowledge and skills 学习知识和技能8. a growing /increasing tendency 9. have a desire for sth / to do sth10. put sth into practice11. be keen on 热衷于12. broaden
22、 ones horizons 开阔眼界13. a large variety of / a wide range of CCNU 版权所有 共同保护 ELIZA第 4 页 共 8 页14. make ones dream come true 15. lay a solid/firm/stable foundation for/in为/在方面打下坚实的基础16. listen to teachers attentively17. make a practical plan 18. hold the strong belief that19. Im confident / Im convinced
23、 that20. with iron will and perseverance 21. pursue ones dream 追逐梦想22. arouse ones passion for唤起对的热情23. resist the temptation of good food24. change ones original mind25. spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做 26. redouble ones effort 加倍努力27. leave a deep impression on sb28. turn to sb for help / advice29.
24、 relieve/lessen/reduce/ease ones burden30. with time going by=as time goes by31. cherish/treasure/value our lives32. vary from person to person33. a boarding school 寄宿制学校34. What surprised me most was that35. cause severe consequences(后果)36. pay their tuition/school fees/schooling 37. physically and
25、 mentally38. Some in favor of it think that., while others are against it, holding the opinion that39. Success stems from hard work as it can help us accomplish the goal were striving for.40. establish a special fund to help the poor41. its negative aspect/impact is also obvious.42. motivate sb to d
26、o sth43. bury oneself into study 埋头学习44. our determination and efforts45. express my gratitude to her sincerely 46. be strict with sb in sth47. achieve the final victory48. encounter/face some difficulties49. neglect the disadvantages50. With the great efforts weve made, 51. enhance/improve his abil
27、ity of singing52. be optimistic about三、高级句型结构 It 句型 It will be + some time + beforeIt wont be long before humans visit the Mars. It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth.It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.He said since it was a new model in China, it
28、 was impossible to fix it without the right spare CCNU 版权所有 共同保护 ELIZA第 5 页 共 8 页parts.（2008 年湖北卷） It is + 被强调部分 + that1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge. more than any other 表示最高级Among
29、the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else. 名词从句 It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. ( 2004 全国卷 ) My hometown is no longer what it used to be.（非限制性）定语从句 The flat is in a building on Fangcao Stre
30、et. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (NMET 2003) It was quite an experience for us both, which Ill never forget for the rest of my life. (2002 北京卷) 分词结构 I dont know about others, but I used to have to
31、 work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001) Well mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. (2004 全国卷) Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.（2004 辽宁卷） Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scienti
32、st and inventor.（2008 年湖南卷） with 结构 A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured. He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand. 倒装句 The library is to the east of the teaching building. East of the teach
33、ing building is the library. Although we are tired, we are happy.Tired as we are, we are happy. Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷) May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!（2007 年湖南卷） 被动语态 Opinions are divided on the question. (NME
34、T 2002) All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004 全国卷 ) New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷 ) 巧妙的改写（1） Only 改成 no one but Only Tom passed the exam last week. No one but Tom passed the exam.（2） as soon as 改成 No soonerthan/Hardlyw
35、hen/Immediately/The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.（3） have sb/sth do/done The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.).（4） 变换插入语的位置 However, they suggest fees should be charged low. They suggest, however, fees should be charg
36、ed low. (NMET 2002)CCNU 版权所有 共同保护 ELIZA第 6 页 共 8 页 I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned Chinese. This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷)(5). 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句Meimei, who
37、is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. (2002 上海卷)Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.（ 2008 年湖南卷） 其
38、它（1）注重句子的开头 用 with 复合结构开头With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.With his help, weve learned how to analyze and settle problems.（2006 年湖南卷）With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we w
39、ant.（2009 年江苏卷） 用非谓语动词形式开头）In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.）Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.（2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好） 相关过渡语1). 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later，first of all, finally, at last2). 表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from,
40、 in front of, on the left, on one side3). 表示比较、对照 : like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise4). 表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus5). 表示递进关系 : besides, whats more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition, on top of6).
41、 表示并列关系: and, as well as, also7). 表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief, to conclude读写任务素材积累一、面对挑战的感悟Looking back on this, I realize that whatever challenges I am faced with, I will spare no effort and never give up. Im sure to achieve final victory and become wha
42、t I should be.二、怎样看待司机的行为？After reading the passage, I felt very angry with the driver. It was what he did that did shock me. I cant believe the driver is so cruel. Generally speaking, the responsibility of a bus driver is to serve people. However, the driver is short of essential occupational moral
43、ity. Having known the womans arm was stuck in the bus door, he continued to drive his bus. What an evil-minded driver!三、对交友的看法In my view, it takes time to build good relationship with others. You cant expect to become good friends with someone soon after you meet him. You also cant expect to become
44、good friends with others if you do not spend time with them. 四、对心理问题的看法As far as Im concerned, mental problems are serious problems both in universities and middle schools. I believe physical and mental health is more important than good grades. Therefore, parents and teachers should CCNU 版权所有 共同保护
45、ELIZA第 7 页 共 8 页first pay attention to students feelings. Only when they feel it fun to study, can they learn their lessons well.五、对网络教育的看法Personally, I appreciate this new form of education. It can provide different learners with more flexible ways to learn. Most of all, with online education, we c
46、an absorb the latest knowledge. 六、对“自我表现与谦虚”的看法For my part, good communication, including presenting ones achievements and advantages properly to others, can lead to success. In modern society, blowing ones own trumpet(喇叭) can help others know what a person is good at, which may be an example for th
47、em to follow. So what counts most is that ones confidence must be true of ones real case.To Chinese people, modesty is a virtue, but being too modest may sometimes cause others to think you are good at nothing. Moreover, modesty doesnt necessarily mean hiding ones own strong points or keeping silent. One must learn to sell himself at the right time and enjoy his proud moments. Therefore, blowing ones trumpet and modesty, in my opinion, can be combined and balanced.七、态度决定一切的启示Different attitudes lead to differ
