1、语言知识部分讲课内容第一讲第一节 时态第二节 语态第二讲第一节 虚拟语气第二节 倒装第三讲第一节 从句第二节 强调第四讲第一节 一致第二节 非谓语动词第五讲第一节 形容词、副词比较级第二节 情态动词的一些特殊用法第六讲第一节 词汇及其搭配第二节 易混淆词辨析第七讲第一节 构词法第二节练习第一讲第一节 时态一、 一般现在时 一般现在时通常表示习惯动作、一般状态、客观规律和永恒真理。如主语为第三人称单数，动词后需加 s或 es。He always gets up late on Sunday.He lives on a lonely island in the Pacific Ocean.The
2、sun rises in the east and sets in the west.注意：在以 as soon as, when, after 等引导的时间状语从句中，或以 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。I will ring you as soon as he comes back.You will succeed if you try your best.二、 现在进行时现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作，也表示目前一段时间内正在进行的活动。表示后一种情况时，动作不一定正在进行。They are putting up the scaffol
3、ding.Steve is studying Chinese in Beijing.注意1. 并非所有动词都有进行时，有些表示状态和感觉的动词通常无进行时，除非这类动词的词义发生变化。这类动词有：be, love, hate, believe, think, feel, seem 等。2. 现在进行时也可以表示将来的动作，它指按人们的计划、安排将要发生的动作或指即将开始的动作I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.Imagine I am seeing the Mona Lisa3. 现在进行时也可以用来给习惯性动作加上赞赏或讨厌等感情色彩。She is alway
4、s cooking some delicious food for her family.He is always finding fault with his employees.三、 现在完成时 现在完成时表示目前已经完成的动作或刚刚完成的动作，也可以表示从过去某一刻发生，现在仍延续着的动作或情况，此时态强调动作对现在的影响。The conference has lasted for five days.He has just bought a beautiful house.注意：1 当句子中出现表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时，谓语动词一般用现在完成时。此类状语有 up to(till)
5、 now, so far, these days, this summer, for-（后面接一段时间的短语） ，since 等。We have not seen each other since we graduated in 1987.2 句子谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时要取决于动作是否对现在有影响。What did she say about it?I have lived in Nanjing for 15 years.四、 一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间发生而且一下子就完成的动作，也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去。I had
6、 a word with John this morning.He smoked two packages of cigarettes a day until he gave up.注意：1. 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如 yesterday, last week, in 1999, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等2. “used to+动词原形”表示“过去常常”而现在已经停止的习惯动作。He used to work twelve hours a day.You used
7、to go swimming when you were at college , didnt you?另外，注意区别”used to”和“be used to”, 后者意为“习惯于-” ，to 为介词，后跟名词或动名词。五、 过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某时正在发生的动作，也可以表示过去某段时间内正在或反复发生的动作。Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.Bill was coughing all night long.六、 过去完成时过去完成时表示过去某时之
8、前已经完成的动作或状况。在时间上，它属于“过去的过去” ，在句子中常有明显的参照动作或表示“到过去某时为止”的时间状语。By the end of the war, the small workshop had become a large factory.They found that a stream had formed in the field.七、 一般将来时一般将来时表示某个将来时间会发生的动作或情况，也可以表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性的动作。He will take part in an important boat race across the Atlantic.The s
9、tudents will have five English classes per week this term.注意：be going to, be to, be about to 等也可以表示将来发生的动作，但它们常常表示打算、计划、安排和即将要发生的动作。Will 表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的动作或情况。八、 将来进行时将来进行时表示将来某时正在发生或持续的动作。其构成：will +be +动词的现在分词。I will be reading this time tomorrow.Most of the young people in the town will be mee
10、ting them at the station.九、 将来完成时将来完成时表示将来某时前已经完成的动作，它也可以用来表示推测。They will have stayed here for five months next week.By the end of next month, they will have read twenty十、 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作。此动作或情况可能已经停止，也可能继续下去，它也可以表示刚结束的动作。I have been working for IBM for 15 years.I have been working
11、 for an hour but she still hasnt come.Exercises1. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news. It is unlikely that TV _the newspaper completely.A. replaced B. have replaced C. replace D. will replace2. _ last year and is now earning his earning as an advertising agent.A. He would
12、leave school B. He left schoolC.He had left school D. He has left school3. It is reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _by about 10%.A. will have risen B. has risenC.will be rising D. has been rising4.They fulfilled the plan earlier than they _.A. have expected B
13、. were expected C. were expecting D. had expected5. Until then, his family _ from him for six months.A. didnt hear B. hasnt been hearing C. hasnt heard D. hadnt heard6. The company _ a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.A. is promised B. has been promising C. is promising D. promi
14、sed7. in this experiment, they are wakened several times during the night and asked to report what they _.A.had just dreaming B. have just been dreamingC. are just dreaming D. had just dreamed8. He _ in a small workshop, but now he is president of a big business company.A .used to working B. was use
15、d to workC used to work D. was used to working9. The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers _ for.A. was demonstrating B. demonstrateC. had been demonstrating D. have demonstrated10. I _ my breakfast when the morning post came.A. had B. had been having C. was havin
16、g D. have been having11. I am glad that Peter decided to come to the party because we _ him for several years.A. havent seen B. dont see C. didnt see D. hadnt seen12. The conference _ a full week by the time it ends.A. has lasted B. lasts C. will have lasted D. is lasted13. The computer, working ver
17、y fast, _ data at the speed of light.A. has handled B. handled C. handling D. handles14. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer that _ in the public mind today.A. exists B. exist C. existing D. existed15. Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins _ his experience as a young
18、 man.A. was telling of B. told about C. tell of D. is telling about Keys:1.D 2.B 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. C 10.C 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. ASupplementary Exercises I.1. Such crimes may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone _ them.A. discovers B. discovered C. will discover D. would have discovered2. _ their work will give us a much better feel for the wide differences between the two schools of thought.A. Being reviewed B. Having reviewed C. Reviewing D. To have reviewed
