1、自己梳理的一些 T 单词，一些释疑来自维基百科，勿做商用！谢谢Symbiosis Symbiosis (pl. symbioses) (from the Greek words syn = con/plus and biono = living) is an interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association or even the merging of two dissimilar organisms. The term host is usually used for
2、the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis. The smaller (micro) member is called the symbiont (alternately, symbiote, and the plural is symbionts or symbiotes). When a microscopic symbiont lives inside the cells of a host, it is referred to as an endosymbiont.Meteorology Meteorology is the
3、 scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. Meteorological phenomena are observable weather events which illuminate and are explained by the science of meteorology. Those events are bound by the variables that exist in Earths atmosphere. They are temperatur
4、e, pressure, water vapor, and the gradients and interactions of each variable, and how they change in time. The majority of Earths observed weather is located in the troposphere.Meteorite A meteorite is a small extraterrestrial body that impacts the Earths surface. While in space these bodies are ca
5、lled meteoroids, and they are called meteors after entering Earths atmosphere but before reaching the surface. These are small asteroids, approximately boulder-sized or less. When it enters the atmosphere, air drag and friction cause the body to heat up and emit light, thus forming a fireball or sho
6、oting star.Meteoroid A meteoroid is a relatively small (sand- to boulder-sized) fragment of debris in the Solar System. When entering a planets atmosphere, the meteoroid heats up and partially or completely vaporizes. The gas along the path of the meteoroid becomes ionized and glows. The trail of gl
7、owing vapor is called a meteor, or shooting star. If any portion of the meteor survives to reach the ground, it is then referred to as a meteorite.Debris Debris (French, pronounced (IPA) dibri) is a word used to describe the remains of something that has been otherwise destroyed. Depending on contex
8、t, debris can refer to a number of different things.Meteor For other uses, see Meteor (disambiguation).A meteor is the visible path of a meteoroid that enters the Earths (or another bodys) atmosphere, commonly called a shooting star or falling star. The visibility is due to the heat produced by the
9、ram pressure (not friction, as is commonly assumed) of atmospheric entry. A very bright meteor may be called a fireball or bolide. The International Meteor Organisation defines fireballs as being meteors of magnitude -3 or brighter. The meteor section of the British Astronomical Association on the o
10、ther hand has a much stricter definition, requiring the meteor to be magnitude -5 or brighter.Asteroid This page is about the astronomical body Asteroid. For the arcade game, see Asteroids.An asteroid is a small, solid object in our Solar System, orbiting the Sun. An asteroid is an example of a mino
11、r planet (or planetoid), which are much smaller than planets. Most asteroids are believed to be remnants of the protoplanetary disc which were not incorporated into planets during the systems formation. Some asteroids have moons. The vast majority of the asteroids are within the main asteroid belt,
12、with elliptical orbits between those of Mars and Jupiter. Terrestrial Terrestrial literally means of the earth and is used in a variety of contexts: In biology and in the general sense, terrestrial means indicates ground-dwelling (compare aquatic). See land. In broadcasting terrestrial indicates tha
13、t TV or radio signals are received through a conventional aerial. See terrestrial television. In communication networking, “terrestrial“ indicates signals travelling through fiber optic cable or copper wire, usually located underground or undersea. In astronomy, terrestrial can refer to the first fo
14、ur planets in the solar systemplanets with a rocky exterior. Terrestrial may also be used in contrast to extra-terrestrial, indicating anything of Earth-origin rather than from outer space.Crater Crater may refer to:Landforms Impact crater, a meteorite impact with another body can cause an Volcanic
15、crater or caldera, from volcanic activity Subsidence crater, from an underground explosion (usually nuclear)Or Crater (constellation)Sulfide In chemistry, a sulfide (sulphide in British) is a chemical compound or combination of sulfur with an oxidation number of -2, with another chemical element or
16、a radical thereof. Some covalent sulfur compounds, such as carbon disulfide (CS2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), are also considered to be sulfides. Thioethers are organic compounds of the form R-S-R (where R and R are organic radicals), which are also referred to as sulfides or (if R,R are alkyl) dial
17、kyl sulfides.Bacteria ActinobacteriaAquificaeBacteroidetes/ChlorobiChlamydiae/VerrucomicrobiaChloroflexiChrysiogenetesCyanobacteriaDeferribacteresDeinococcus-ThermusDictyoglomiFibrobacteres/AcidobacteriaFirmicutesFusobacteriaGemmatimonadetesNitrospiraePlanctomycetesProteobacteriaSpirochaetesThermode
18、sulfobacteriaThermomicrobiaThermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. Most are microscopic and unicellular, with a relatively simple cell structure lacking a cell nucleus, and organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Their cell structure is further des
19、cribed in the article about prokaryotes, because bacteria are prokaryotes, in contrast to organisms with more complex cells, called eukaryotes. The term “bacteria“ has variously applied to all prokaryotes or to a major group of them, otherwise called the eubacteria, depending on ideas about their re
20、lationships. In Wikipedia, bacteria is used specifically to refer to the eubacteria.Rehearsal A rehearsal is when a performing arts ensemble performs a work in preparation for performance before an audience.A dress rehearsal is a rehearsal in which the ensemble dresses as they will dress at the perf
21、ormance for the audience. The dress rehearsal is often the last rehearsal before the concert performance.Carbonic acid Carbonic acid is a carbon-containing acid with the formula H2CO3. It is also a name sometimes given to solutions of carbon dioxide in water, which contain small amounts of H2CO3. Th
22、e salts of carbonic acids are called bicarbonates (or hydrogencarbonates) and carbonates.Carbon dioxide dissolved in water is in equilibrium with carbonic acid: CO2 + H2O H2CO3The equilibrium constant at 25C is 1.70103: hence, the majority of the carbon dioxide is not converted into carbonic acid an
23、d stays as CO2 molecules. In the absence of a catalyst, the equlibrium is reached quite slowly. The rate constants are 0.039 s1 for the forward reaction (CO2 + H2O H2CO3) and 23 s1 for the reverse reaction (H2CO3 CO2 + H2O).Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is an atmospheric gas comprised of one carbon
24、and two oxygen atoms. A very widely known chemical compound, it is frequently called by its formula CO2. In its solid state, it is commonly known as dry ice.Carbon dioxide derives from multiple sources including volcanic outgassing, the combustion of organic matter and respiration processes of livin
25、g aerobic organisms. It is also produced by various microorganisms from fermentation and cellular respiration. Plants utilize carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, using both the carbon and the oxygen to construct carbohydrates. In addition, plants also release oxygen to the atmosphere, which is sub
26、sequently used for respiration by heterotrophic organisms, forming a cycle. It is present in the Earths atmosphere at a low concentration and acts as a greenhouse gas. It is a major component of the carbon cycle.Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid (British English: sulphuric acid), H2SO4, is a strong minera
27、l acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. The old name for sulfuric acid was oil of vitriol. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is produced in larger amounts than any other chemical besides water. World production in 2001 was 165 million tonnes, with an approximate value of $8 bill
28、ion. Principal uses include fertilizer manufacturing, ore processing, chemical synthesis, wastewater processing, and oil refining.the business world these are commonly referred to as intangible assets.Effectiveeffective effective | -tvadj. 有效的, 实际的, 有力的effectively adv. 有效地; 有力地crucial crucial | kruladj. 决定性的, 严厉的, 重要的efficient efficient efficient | -ntadj. 生效的; 能干的; 有效率的efficiently adv. 效率高地; 有效地verifiable verifiable | verfabladj. 能作证的; 能证实的at odds 不一致mitigate mitigate | mtgetv. 镇静, 减轻, 缓和; 缓和下来 ; 减轻
