1、动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则 规则动词的过去式变化如下: 1、一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如: work -worked play-played wanted-wanted act-acted 2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如: live-lived move-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped 3、以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,把 -y 变为 -i 再加 -ed,如: study-studied copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried 4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,
2、如: stop -stopped 5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。 go went make made get got buy - bought come - came fly-flew 不规则动词的过去式的构成 1把动词原形中的 i 改为 a,变成过去式。如: beginbegan, drinkdrank, givegave, ringrang, singsang, sitsat, swimswam 2把重读开音节中的 i 改为 o,变成过去式。如: drivedrove, riderode, writewrote 3改动词原形中的 aw ow 为 ew,变成过去式。如:
3、drawdrew, growgrew, knowknew, throwthrew(动词 show 除外, showshowed) 4动词原形中的 e 改为 o,变成过去式。如: getgot, forgetforgot 5动词原形中的 ee 改为 e,变成过去式。如: feedfed, meetmet 6动词原形中的 eep 改为 ept,变成过去式。如: keepkept, sleepslept, sweepswept 7动词原形中的 eak 改为 oke,变成过去式。如: breakbroke, speakspoke 8动词原形中的 ell 改为 old,变成过去式。如: sellsold
4、, telltold 9动词原形中的 an 改为 oo,变成过去式。如: standstood, understandunderstood 10以 ought 和 aught 结尾,且读音是 :t的过去式。如: bringbrought, buy bought, thinkthought, catchcaught, teachtaught 11以 ould 结尾且读音为 ud的情态动词过去式。如: cancould, shallshould, willwould 12把动词原形中的 o 改为 a,变成过去式。如: comecame, becomebecame 13在动 词原形后加 d 或 t
5、变成过去式,并且发生音变。如: hear hi heard h :d, say sei said sed, mean mi:n meant ment 14动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如: letlet, mustmust, putput, readread red 15不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如: am, iswas, arewere, buildbuilt, dodid, eatate, fallfell, feelfelt, findfound, flyflew, gowent, have has had, holdheld, leaveleft, makemade, maymight
6、, runran, seesaw, taketook 过去式 -ed的发音规则 ( 1)动词词尾为 t, d时,发 / id /音, want wanted (要) need needed (需要) ( 2)动词词尾为清辅音时,发 / t / 音。 help helped (帮助) laugh laughed (笑) look looked (看) kiss kissed (吻) wash washed (洗) watch watched (注视) ( 3)动词词尾为 t, d 以外之浊辅音或元音时,发 / d /音。 call called (叫) staystayed (停留) crycr
7、ied (哭) 过去式 是英语语法的一种,表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。 目录 过去式,过去时态 结构 概念: 例句: 构成 用法: 读法: 不规则变化动词表: 过去式,过去时态 结构 概念: 例句: 构成 用法: 读法: 不规则变化动词表: 展开 过去式,过去时态 【 过去式 】 1、过去发生的而现在已经结束的动作要用一般过去式来表示。 2、表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。 3、过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去 主语 所具备的能力和性格。 【 过去时态
8、 】表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。 【 过去时态结构 】指的是过去时态下的动词形式的语法构成。 过去式就是动词的变化,表示过去发生的事。一般看到 ago,before, in 几几年,就是过去式。 work-worked listen-listened 一般的就是直接加 ed,特殊的就有一些变化。 结构 【 过去时态结构基本形式 】 1、主语 +动词过去式 +其他; 2、否定形式 wasnt /werent 在行为动词前加 didnt,同时还原行为动词; 一般疑问句 Did+主语+do+其他。 概念: 表示过去的发生动作或过去存在的某种状态 例句: A:What did yo
9、u do last weekend? B:I played football. A:Did you read books? B:Yes,I did. 构成 表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和 不规则动词 。规则动词的过去式变化如下: ( 1)一般情况下,动词词尾加 ed ,如: work worked; play played; want wanted; act acted ( 2)以不发音的 e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 d,如: live lived; move moved; decide decided;
10、decline declined; hope hoped; ( 3)以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,把 y 变为 i 再加 ed,如: studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied ( 4)以一个辅音字母结尾的 重读闭音节 动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 ed,如: stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped ( 5)注:不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。 go - went, make - made, get - got ,
11、buy - bought , come - came ,fly-flew , is/am-was, are-were , see-saw, bring-brought, do-did,teach-taught, think-thought, say-said,sit-sat. read-read, spend-spent, eat-ate,give-gave,sit-sat,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew, put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-
12、came,become-became,swim-swam, sweep swept, sing sang, draw drew, 以上的( 1)至( 4)条中的发音均有改变,具体分别有 /d/ /t/ /id/。 而不规则动词的过去式的发音则略有不同,但是有些还是按照一定规律变化的。如以上的: make - made, get - got , buy - bought , come - came ,fly-flew , bring-brought, teach-taught, think-thought, say-said,sit-sat. read-read, spend-spent,giv
13、e-gave,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-came,become-became,swim-swam, sweep swept, sing sang,draw drew。 仔细看一看,能发现它们的一些变化规律,也就是说不 需要死记硬背这些过去式,知道了原型和变化规律,就可以写出来了。有的变化部分读音也是有规律的。分类记忆是对学习过去式很有帮助的! 用法: ( 1) 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作
14、或情况,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句 ,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等 ,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。 I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。 一般过去时的用法一 .概念:一般过去时是表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或状态,通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 二时间状语: yesterday, the day before y
15、esterday, two days ago, long long ago,a minute ago,last year(week, month), just now, at that time, in those days. 三过去时的用法: 1有确定的过去时间状语时要用过去式。 例: We had a good time last week. 2表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去式。 例: The boy closed the door, turned off the window, and then went to bed. 3. 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作,要用过去式。 例:
16、She often came to help me at that time. 四 .一般过去 式的构成形式: Be 动词的过去式: (1)肯定句:主语 + be动词的过去式( was, were) 例: He was ill yesterday. She was nine two years ago.They were my students long long ago. (2)否定句:主语 + be动词的过去式( was, were) + not 例: He was not ill yesterday.She was not nine two years ago.They were not
17、 my students long long ago. (3)一般疑问句:直接把 be 动词提到句首。 例: Was he ill yesterday? 肯定回答: Yes, he was. 否定回答: No, he wasnt.Was she nine two years ago? Yes, she was. / No, she wasnt.Were they your students long long ago? Yes, they were. / No, they werent. 实意动词的过去式: (1)肯定句:主语 +动词的过去式 例: He played football las
18、t week.She watched TV last night. (2)否定句:主语 + did not +动词原形 例: He did not play football last week.She didnt watch TV last night. (3)一般疑问句: Did +主语 +动词原形 例: Did he play football last week? 回答: Yes, he did./ No, he didnt. Did she watch TV last night? 回答: Yes, she did. / No, she didnt. 五动词变过去式的几种常用规则:
19、1一般动词直接 + ed; 例: look-looked want-wanted listen -listened 2以 e 结尾的词直接 + d;例: live-lived phone-phoned 3以辅音字母加 y结尾 , 变 y为 i加 ed;例: try-tried study-studied 4重读闭音节结尾的,词尾只有一个辅音字母,双写词尾辅音字母 + ed;例: stop-stopped plan-planned 5.不规则动词 : 动词由原形转变为过去式时不按词尾加 “ -ed” 之变化规则者叫做不规则动词。小学常见的动词不规则过去式如:是 be/is/am/are- was
20、, 是 are- were, 来 come-came, 去 go- went, 有 have- had, 做 /干 do- did, 做 make- made 读 read- read, 放 put- put, 切割 cut- cut,写 write- wrote, 带走 take- took, 买 buy- bought, 带来 bring- brought,想 think- thought, 看见 see- saw, 说 say- said, 说话 speak- spoke,打破 break- broke, 得到 get- got, 跑 run- ran, 告诉 tell- told,唱
21、sing- sang, 喝drink- drank, 吃 eat- ate, 游泳 swim- swam,开始 begin- began, 偷steal- stole, 遇见 meet- met, 卖 sell- sold, 坐 sit- sat,跑 run-ran,读 read-read,想要 want-want,知道 know/known 等等 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词, 词组 或从句 ,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等 ,上下文清楚时可以不
22、带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。 I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了 天龙山 。 I stayed at home,yesterday.昨天,我整日呆在家里 . ( 2) 一般过去时 态:表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。 时间标志: yesterday(昨天) , last weekend(上周) , last month(上个月) , last year(去年) , two months ago(两个月前) , th
23、e day before yesterday(前天), in 1990 (在 1990 年 ), in those days (在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语。 如: I was born in 1990. (我出生在 1990 年 )。 When did you go to the park? (你是什么时候去的公园)。 I went to the park last weekend. (我是上周去的公园) 在上面的句子中第一句属于 be 动词 的一般过去 时态 ; 第二句和第三句属于 实义动词 go 的一般过去时态。 1 Be 动词的一般过去时态 在没有实义动词的句子中使用 be 动词
24、, am is 的过去式为 was; are的过去式为 were. 构成: 肯定句 :主语 +was (were) +表语 如: I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。) 否定句: 主语 +was (were) +not+表语 如: We werent late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到 ) 疑问句 : Was (Were) +主语 +表语 如: Do you sick yesterday? (你昨天病了吗?) 肯定回答 : Yes, I was. (是的,我病了。 ) 否定回答: No, I wasnt. (不,我没病。 ) 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 +w
25、as (were) +主语 +表语 如: When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的? 读法: 规则动词词尾加 -ed 有三种读音: 1. 在清辅音后读作 t。如: asked, helped, watched, stopped 2. 在浊辅音和元音后读作 d。如: enjoyed, studied, moved, called 3.在 t / d 后读作 id。如: wanted, needed 不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法: 1. 以 t 结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如: put put, let let, cut cut, beat beat 2. 以 d
26、 结尾的词,把 d 变成 t。如 :build built, lend lent, send sent, spend spent 3. 以 n 结尾的词,在词后加 t。如: mean meant, burn burnt, learn learnt 4.以 ow / aw 结尾的词,把 ow / aw 变成 ew。如: blow blew, draw drew, know knew, grow grew 5.含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加 t。如: keep kept, sleep slept, feel felt, smell smelt 6.含有元音字母 o / i的词,将 o
27、/ i变成 a。如: sing sang, give gave, sit sat, drink drank 但也有例外,如 get 的过去式是 got,与第一条不符,仅仅是大多数动词符合。 不规则变化动词表: 原形 过去式 过去分词 be was/were been begin began begun bring brought brought buy bought bought catch caught caught come came come cut cut cut do did done draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove dri
28、ven eat ate eaten feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fly flew flown get got got give gave given go went gone grow grew grown have had had hear heard heard know knew known leave left left lose lost lost make made made meet met met put put put read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent set set set shut shut shut sing sang sung sit sat sat sleep slept slept speak spoke spoken spend spent spent stand stood stood swim swam swum sweep swept swept