1、 语篇标记语是标志言语结构特殊的词汇和短语。一些词语,如 however, in addition 是用来连接语篇内部各成份的;而另一些本身具有意义,用来标明作者的态度、立场,如 frankly, I think 等等语篇标记语主要概括为三种类型:第一类,表达时间顺序的标记语,例如first, then, at once,next, until now, the following day 等,通常这类标记语会为读者指明事件发生的先后顺序, 这样读者就可以明确地知道什么时间发生了什么事件;第二类,表达作者组织语篇方式的标记语,例如 for example, such as , that is
2、to say, in other words, on the otherhand, in conclusion, nevertheless, in short 等, 这类标记语帮助读者把握作者的思想线索和结构脉络,加速其阅读速度;第三, 暗示作者对于某事件的态度和观点的标记语, 例如 if, certainly,similarly, however,in fact, in any case, therefore, in order to,more importantly 等,英语中的许多语篇标记语标志了文章中思想和观点之间的联系。当作者想要强调前文的陈述,建议和命题时就会使用and, more
3、over, equally, important 等标记语;如果作者想要否认前文的主张, 命题就会使用 on the other hand, though, however 等标记语。标记语“ finally”, “instead” 和“ one of the best ways”。 “ one of the best ways” 表示提出建议, “instead” 表示前后事件“相反,相违背” “finally” 表示 “最后一条建议 ” 如何提高高中英语阅读教学中语篇标记语的意识 例如:教师列出一组标记语, “ certainly, indeed, in fact, of course,
4、after all, as an illustration, for example, in other words, it is true, specially, that is, to illustrate, all in all , in belief, inconclusion , in particular, in short, in summary, on the whole,etc”, 将这些标记语分类, 并向学生介绍这些标记语显示了什么样的行文风格。更确切的说,这些语篇标记语揭示出语篇内命题的各种关系。如强调(emphasis) ,继续(resuming) ,调焦(focusi
5、ng) ,重申(re-expressing)例如:(1)In short/ In brief/ In summary, smoking is harmful for health.(这三个标记语都暗示了作者通过总结关系意图结束语篇) 。(2)First of all,you should decide how much you are willing to spend.(预示作者会列出更多的条目,并且暗示眼下所说的内容是思考决定问题的重中之重。 (3) This matter is extremely complex. For this reason, we shall not go into it further at this point. (解释说明,表示原因) 。