1、汉译英：1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole of China/ the whole c
2、ountry. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors. In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage
3、or boat. Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn about the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous areas with dangerous roads and in lonely / untraveled woods, where he discovered a lot of mag
4、nificent peaks and beautiful sights. 2可是我却哭了。哭那陌生的、但却疼爱我的卖灶糖(candy)的老汉。后来我常想，他为什么疼爱我呢？无非我是个贪吃的、因为丑陋而又少人疼爱的吧。等我长大以后，总感到除了母亲，再没有谁能够像他那样朴素地疼爱过我没有任何希求，也没有任何企望的。我常常想念他，也常常想要找到我那个像猪肚子一样的烟荷包。可是，它早已不知被我丢到哪里去了。But I cried for the strange old candy peddler who had been so fond of me.Later on, I wondered why.
5、For no other reason than that I was a foolish little thing who loved candy, with few to love me because of my plain face.When I glow up, I could never forget that apart from my own mother, no one had loved me so fondly and so disinterestedly, with no expectations whatever.I often think of him now, a
6、nd have tried to find that tobacco pouch that had looked like a piece of pork liver. But I dont know what became of it.3多少年来，我养成了一个习惯：每天早晨四点在黎明以前起床工作。我不出去跑步或散步，而是一下床就干活儿。因此我对黎明前的北京的了解是在屋子里感觉到的。我从前在什么报上读过一篇文章，讲黎明时分天安门广场上的清洁工人。那情景必然是非常动人的，可惜我从未能见到，只是心向往之而已。For many years, I have been in the habit of g
7、etting up before daybreak to start work at four. Instead of going out for a jog or walk, Ill set about my work as soon as Im out of bed. As a result, it is from inside my study that Ive got the feel of predawn Beijing. Years ago, I hit upon a newspaper article about street cleaners in Tiananmen Squa
8、re at daybreak. It must have been a very moving scene, but what a pity I havent seen it with my own eyes. I can only picture it in my mind longingly.4长沙是一个有 3000 多年历史的美丽古城。城市的西边是秀美的岳麓山，山下有千年书院“岳麓书院”等众多古迹。市区中心的古城楼天心阁，距今有 1000 多年的历史。千百年来水质清纯，终年不断的白沙古井也坐落在长沙城中。今天的长沙市民还常常在这里打水饮用。湘江中的橘子洲头，是当年毛泽东先生经常漫步思考的
9、地方，后来还写了一首非常著名的诗来赞美她。Changsha is a beautiful ancient city with a history of over 3,000 years. West of the city is the beautiful Yuelu Hill, at the foot of the hill, are many historic sites such as Yuelu Academy. In the center of the city is the ancient city gate tower -Tianxin Tower, which was first
10、 built 1000 years ago. Also located in the city is the ancient Baisha Well, from which clear and pure water has been gushing out nonstop throughout the year for thousands of years. Inhabitants in Changsha today still come here to fetch water for drinking. Orange Island in the Xiang River was where M
11、r. Mao Zedong often rambled and meditated. Later he wrote a very famous poem in its praise.5洞庭湖是中国第二大淡水湖。洞庭湖畔的岳阳楼，是中国三大名楼中唯一保持原址原貌的国家重点保护文物。岳阳楼所处的位置极好，它屹立于岳阳古城之上，背靠岳阳城，俯瞰洞庭湖，遥对君山岛，北依长江，南通湘江。自古以来，就是人们观光旅游的好地方。Lake Dongting is Chinas second largest freshwater lake. Yueyang Tower, which is located on i
12、ts shores, is a national key cultural relic for protection as the only one of Chinas famous towers that is kept in its original condition at its original site. The tower is very favorably located, standing as it does on Yueyangs ancient city wall with the city behind and overlooking Lake Dongting to
13、 the distant Junshan Isle; to its north is the Yangtze River and to the south the Xiang River. Since ancient times, the tower has been a good place for sightseeing and touring. (Picture)6正当这位美军飞虎队员一筹莫展眼看只能坐以待毙时，两名中国男孩从杂草丛钻出出现在他的面前，男孩一样个头，都才十二、三岁年纪。他如遇救星，立刻打手势让他们过来。两个男孩稍作迟疑，立即来到了他的身边。在他的指点下，男孩利索地帮他解开
14、了降落伞，并一边一个迅速扶起他往前走。才走不到 200 米，已经看到了挂太阳旗的日军汽艇，两个男孩简短地商量了几句，就果断地把这名飞虎队员推到山坡边的一丛很深的杂草中，并扯来一大把芦苇将四周盖严后，箭似般消失在树林中。This American “Flying Tiger” was at a loss, thinking that he could do nothing but await his doom, when out of the jumble of rank grass emerged two Chinese boys, both of the same height and ju
15、st a dozen years old.As if seeing his saviors, he signed to them to come nearer.The boys hesitated a little and came over to him. With his instructions, they dexterously unfastened his parachute, and helped him along with one of them on each side. But before they had walked 200 m, they saw Japanese
16、motorboats come flying their sun flags. The boys talked a moment and then, without delay, hid the “Flying Tiger” in a thick growth of grass by the hillside, and putting around him more reeds they had quickly pulled out, they vanished swiftly into the wood.7家庭是社会的基本单位，它的结构随着社会的发展而变化。在中国几千年的封建社会里，自给自足
17、的小农经济占主导地位，家庭不仅是日常生活的基本单位，也是生产单位。理想的、令人羡慕的家庭是五世同堂，家里的大事由男人做主。近百年来，中国发生了巨大变化，中国社会经过漫长的封建时期，半封建、半殖民地时期进入了社会主义社会。这具有历史意义的变化使中国家庭的结构也改变了。人口众多的大家庭开始分成较小的家庭和直系家庭，总的趋势是出现了越来越多的核心家庭。The structure of the family, which is a basic unit of the society, changes along with the development of the society. In China
18、s feudal society which lasted several thousand years, a self-sufficient small peasant economy predominated. The family was not only the basic unit in everyday life, but also a basic unit of production. An ideal family admired by all consisted of 5 generations, with the male members making all the im
19、portant decisions. During the last hundred years, great changes have taken place in China. The Chinese society, which had gone through the long feudal period, and later the semi-colonial, semi-feudal period, had turned into a socialist society. This historic change has led to changes in the Chinese
20、family structure. Large families began to divide into smaller extended families and stem families, with the trend pointing toward the emergence of more and more nuclear families.8现在我自己已是几个孩子的父亲了。我爱孩子，但我没有前一辈父亲的想法，帮孩子一直帮到老，帮到死还不足。我赞美前一辈父亲的美德，而自己却不能跟着他们的步伐走去。我觉得我的孩子累我，使我受到极大的束缚。我没有对他们的永久的计划，甚至连最短促的也没有
21、。“倘使有人要，我愿意把他们送给人家!”我常常这样说，当我厌烦孩子的时候。唉，和前一辈做父亲的一比，我觉得我们这一辈生命力薄弱得可怜，我们二三十岁的人比不上六七十岁的前辈，他们虽然老的老死的死了，但是他们才是真正活着到现在到将来。而我们呢，虽然活着，却是早已死了。Now I myself am a father of several children. Though I love my kids, still I do not share the idea of father and people of his time that one can never do too much in hi
22、s lifetime to help his children. Much as I admire father and people of his time for their moral excellence, I can never follow in their footsteps.I think of my children as an encumbrance to me. I havent worked out a long-term plan for them, nay, not even a short-term one.“Id like to give away my kid
23、s to anyone whos willing to take them!“ Thats what I say whenever I am fed up with them.Alas, compared with father and people of his time, the present generation, I think, have regrettably low vitality. We in our twenties or thirties prove inferior to our elders in their sixties or seventies. Today
24、they may be advanced in years or even no more, but they will, nevertheless, live forever and ever.As for us, though still alive, we have long been dead.9目前，人类的生存环境正在遭到破坏，美丽的大自然已经不那么美丽了。保护野生动物，也就是保护人娄自己。我强烈呼吁：不要再捕杀黑猩猩，不要再捕杀野生动物了，让我们人类多一些地球上的朋友，多给我们下一代保留一些野生动物吧! 否则，地球将毁灭在人类手中，人类将毁灭在自己手中。At present, ma
25、ns living environment is being ruined, and beautiful nature is no longer so beautiful. Protection of wild life is protection of man himself. So I appeal strongly to all to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animal. Let us human beings have more friends on the earth, and leave more wild li
26、fe for future generations. Or the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.10为了把女人吃惊时的样子演活，梅兰芳曾花费了不少心思，但总是找不到感觉。一天，他从剧场回到家里，见妻子正聚精会神地整理衣服，他忽然灵机一动，抄起身旁的一个兰花瓷盆，使劲摔在地上。 “哐”的一声，瓷盆粉碎。妻子大吃一惊，惊慌地转过身来。就在这一瞬间，梅兰芳及时地捕捉住了妻子的表情和动作，并牢牢地记在了心里，经过反复练习，然后运用到戏里，终于把女人吃惊的样于演得活灵活现。Mei Lanfang took great p
27、ains to act an astonished woman in a lifelike way, but he could never find the right feel. One day, when he came home from the theater, he saw his wife absorbed in tidying up clothes. He hit upon a bright idea, and, seizing a porcelain pot with designs of orchid he smashed it onto the floor. With a crash the pot broke into pieces. Astonished, his wife turned around in panic. In this instant, Mei Lanfang captured her expression and actions and kept them firmly in his mind. After repeated practice, he employed them in his acting, and at last succeeded in vivid acting of an astonished woman.
