1、Simple Sentence 简单句一个主语+一个谓语动词1. The mother is dressing her baby.2. The party ended early.3. He lost his wallet last week.4. The city was destroyed by the earthquake.两个或多个主语+一个谓语动词5. Tom and Mary are sitting under the tree.6. Her speech and performance moved the audience.一个主语+两个或多个谓语动词7. He is readi
2、ng and writing at the same time.8. The factory chimney smoked and polluted the air.两个或多个主语+两个或多个谓语动词9. Mike, Jack and Lucy lubricated my car, replaced the oil filter, and cleaned the spark plugs.Compound Sentences 并列句A compound sentence is made up of two or more simple sentences, usually connected b
3、y a comma plus a joining word (and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet). It is used when you want to give equal weight to closely related ideas. The technique of showing that ideas have equal importance is called coordination1. The heavy rain started suddenly, so we stopped planting our trees.2. Frank wante
4、d to go swimming, but Mary decided to go shopping.3. Jane works at the Family Planning Clinic and her husband Smith does research work for the same unit.4. Mary had to give up sewing, for her arthritis had become very painful.(注意：for 是并列连词，而 because 和 since 为从属连词) .实际上，but, yet 和 for 之后的句子从语气上更引人注目.
5、Practice: Combine the following pairs of simple sentences. Use a comma and a joining word (and, but, for, so) to connect each pair. 1. I cleaned the spot on the kitchen floor. It still looked dirty.2. My son is studying computer science. My daughter is majoring in communication.3. We are watering th
6、e trees. We dont have any rain for a month.4. The children started arguing. I made them turn off the TV.5. At midnight my roommate closed her books. I studied until 2AM.6. We must plan our family budget carefully. The price of food has risen recently.Complex Sentences 复合句A complex sentence is made u
7、p of a simple sentence (a complete statement) and a statement that begins with a dependent word. (连词 ) It is used when you want to emphasize one idea over another in a sentence.1. Because I forgot the time, I missed the play.2. While Susan was eating the fish, she began to feel sick.3. I checked my
8、paper again before I handed it to my professor.4. When Cindy lost her temper, she also lost her manner.5. Although Tom practiced for two months, he failed his driving test.Practice A: Use appropriate dependent words to combine the following pairs of simple sentences into complex sentences. Place a c
9、omma after a dependent sentence when it starts the sentence.1. Jack obtained a credit card. He began spending money carelessly.2. The sun went down. We stayed on the beach.3. English is offered only in the morning. Chemistry can be taken at night.4. The movie disgusted the coach. He walked out after
10、 15 minutes.5. The house had been burglarized. Smith couldnt sleep soundly for several months.6. His vision begins to fade. He knows hed better get some rest.7. The storm hit the coast city. We crisscrossed our windows with strong tape.Practice B: Rewrite the following sentences, using subordination
11、 rather than coordination. Include a comma when a dependent statement starts a sentence.1. The tape recorder was not working right, so I returned it to the store.2. The muffler shop advertised same-day service, but my car wasnt ready for three days.3. The high-blood-pressure pills produced dangerous
12、 side effects, so the government banned them.4. David lopped dead branches off the tree, and Mike stacked them into piles on the ground below.5. Diana wedged her handbag tightly under her arm, for she was afraid of muggers.6. Richard counted the cash three times, but the total still didnt tally with
13、 the amount on the register tape.Practice C: Combine the following simple sentences into complex sentences. Omit repeated words. Use the dependent words who, which, or that.1. My father planted these apple trees three years ago. They have not borne any fruit.2. The boy was in a motorcycle accident.
14、The boy limps.3. Joan is a champion weight lifter. Joan is my neighbor.4. The two screws were missing from the assembly kit. The two screws held the bicycle frame together.5. The letter is from my friend abroad. The letter arrived today.6. The tall hedge muffled the highway noise. The hedge surround
15、ed the house.Compound-complex Sentence 并列复合句The compound-complex sentence is made up of two (or more) simple sentences and one (or more) dependent statements.1. When the power line snapped, Jack was listening to the stereo, and Linda was reading in bed. 2. After I returned to school following a long
16、 illness, the math teacher gave me make-up work, but the history teacher made me drop her course.Practice:Use coordination or subordination to combine the groups of simple sentences into one or more longer sentences. Omit repeated words. Keep in mind that, very often, the relationship among ideas in
17、 a sentence will be clearer when subordination rather than coordination is used.1. My car is not starting on cold mornings. I think the battery needs to be replaced. I already had it recharged once. I dont think it would help to charge it again.2. I needed butter to make the cookie better. I couldnt
18、 find any. I used vegetable oil instead.3. Gena had worn glasses for 15 years. She decided to get contact lenses. She would be able to see better. She would look more glamorous.4. The children at the day-care center took their naps. They unrolled their sleeping mats.5. Jack dialed the police emergen
19、cy number. He received a busy signal. He dropped the phone and ran. He didnt have time to call back.6. Louis disliked walking home from the bus stop. The street had no overhead lights. It was lined with abandoned buildings.7. The rain hit the hot pavement. Plumes of steam rose from the blacktop. Car
20、s slowed to a craw. The fog obscured the drivers vision.8. His car went through the automated car-wash. Harry watched from the sidelines. Floppy brushes slapped the cars doors. Sprays of water squirted onto the roof. 9. The pipes had frozen. The heat had gone off. We phoned the plumber. He couldnt come for two days. He had been swamped with emergency calls.10. My car developed an annoying rattle. I took it to the service station. The mechanic looked under the hood. He couldnt find what was wrong.
