1、英语四级备考指南：翻译题应对策略1) 分句法把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。例 1 八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作。译文: It was in mid-August,and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句)例 2 他为人单纯而坦率。译文: He was very clean.His mind was open. (一个单句拆分成两个简单句了 )例 3 The mother might have
2、spoken with understandable pride of her child.译文: 母亲谈到她的孩子时，也许有自豪感，这是可以理解的。(形容词被拆开)例 4 I wrote four books in the first three years ,a record never touched before.译文: 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。(名词短语拆开 )2)合句法把原文中两个或以上的简单句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。例 5 她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。译文:She had made several attempts to
3、 help them find other rental quarters withoutsuccess.(多个简单句合成一个单句)例 6 他们有遵守交通规则，机器出了故障。译文：His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to themachinery.(并列复合句合成一个单句)例 7 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely beingpolite.译文：我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是
4、出于礼貌。(主从复合句合成一个单句)3) 正译法就汉译英而言，就是把句子按照与汉语相同的表达方式译成英语。例 1 我们强烈反对公司的新政策。译文: We strongly object the companys new policy.例 2 人不可貌相。译文: We cannot judge a person by his appearance.4)反译法就汉译英而言，就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语。例 3 酒吧间只有五个顾客还没有走。译文:Only five consumers remained in the bar.例 4 这台机器一点儿也不复杂。译文：This machine
5、 is far from being complicated.由上可见，正译法和反译法主要体现在汉语里是否使用“不” 、 “非” 、 “无” 、 “没有” 、 “未” 、“否”等字眼，或是在英语里是否使用 no, not 等词或带有 dis- ，im- ，in- ，un- ， -less等带否定含义的词缀。读者也可将例 1，例 2 试着用反译法表达出来。结果就是：We strongly disapprove the companys new policy.和 Appearancesare deceptive. 至于两种译法得出的两个译文究竟哪一个更好，就要看译文是否准确规范，简练精辟，是否符合
6、该语言使用者的表达习惯了。5) 顺序法顺序法翻译不改变原文表达语序，不会影响对原文内容的理解。例 1 即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时，电仍然为我们工作：开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。译文: Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep , electricity isworking for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our roomsair-conditioned.在句子中，句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句，
7、后半句的“开动” ， “加热” ， “使运转”都是“电在为我们工作”的具体内容。因而在译文中，译者将这三个并行动作处理成了 V-ing 形式，补充说明 working 的内容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思，采用顺序法翻译，达到了“精确，通顺”的目的。例 2 It was a Saturday evening, when Tom was lying on the bench of the schoollistening to a blackbird and composing a lyric, that he saw the girls running among thetrees,
8、with the red-cheeked Joe in swift pursuit.译文: 那是周六的傍晚，汤姆正躺在学校的长凳上，一面听画眉鸟唱歌，一面写一首抒情诗，忽然看见女孩子们在树林里奔跑，后面紧跟着那红脸的乔。原句里一连串出现了一系列的动词如：lying, listening, composing, saw，这是按汤姆进行这些动作的先后顺序来描述的，如果在译文中打乱这些顺序，就反而会显得凌乱，没有逻辑。6)逆序法逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力，按原文语序反向翻译，以便更好地传达原文的内容。例 3 他经常做礼拜的时候，总坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他们发现他不坐在老
9、地方。请读者比较下面两句译文，你认为哪一句较好？译文 1:When he attended worship, he always took a certain seat, but they found thathe took a different one that day.译文 2:They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usuallyoccupied when he chose to attend worship.两种译文都忠实传达了原文内容。第一种为顺序翻译，第二种为逆序翻译。第一种显得有些冗长拖沓，且前
10、后简单句主语不一致(前半句主语为 he，后半句主语是 they)，给人表述混乱之感。第二种由于采用了逆序法将原句意思用一个复合句表达出来，内容清晰，结构紧凑。顺序法和逆序法主要是针对翻译长句而言，六级新题型汉译英题不会涉及此类译法，但作为翻译策略之一，应有所了解。附录一：英语满分作文必背 20 句1.According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一项调查，每年有 4，000，000 人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。2. The latest sur
11、veys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations withhomework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不
12、应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。7. Many experts point out that physical
13、 exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the greatefforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量
14、，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。9. An increasing number ;of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and pros
15、titution.越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和*。10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，
16、而车上可能已满载乘客。11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: thecity authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.一项调查
17、显示妇女欢迎退休。13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work andno play makes Jack a dull boy.一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。14. Any government, w
18、hich is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
19、当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to dev
20、elop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.无可争辩，现
21、在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect ofhis life.没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。附录二：一百个
22、英语四级常考短语1. at the thought of 一想到2. as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论3. at will 随心所欲4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有5. access(to) (不可数名词) 解6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,7. of ones own accord(=without being asked; willingly; free
23、ly)自愿地 ,主动地 8. in accord with 与一致 .out of ones accord with 同.不一致9. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地10. in accordance with (=in ) 依照,根据11. on ones own account1) 为了某人的缘故, 利益2) (=at ones own risk) 自行负责3) (=by oneself)依靠自己12. takeinto account(=consider)把.考虑进去13. give sb. an account of 说明, 解
24、释 (理由)14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明 .15. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.16. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)17. accuseof(=chargewith; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complainabout) 指控,控告18. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of,
25、 be used to)习惯于.19. be (=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉20. act on 奉行,按照行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理21. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于22. adapt(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写( 以适应新的需要)23. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之24. in addition to(=as well as,
26、 besides, other than)除外25. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in,observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循26. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的27. adjust.(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;28. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) 的可能，留有的余地.29. in advance (bef
27、ore in time) 预告, 事先.30. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.31. have an advantage over 胜过 .have the advantage of 由于处于有利条件have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事32. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.33. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意34. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致3
28、5. ahead of 在之前, 超过;. ahead of time 提前.36. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体 . 2)在谣传中.37. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.38. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共 , 总计39. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不;all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重
29、要的; first ofall 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.40. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到.41. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.42. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对负责.43. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.44. be anxiou
30、s about 为焦急不安 ; 或 anxious for45. apologize to sb. for sth. 为向道歉46. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力 47. apply to sb. for sth. 为向申请; apply for 申请; apply to 适用.48. apply to 与 有关;适用49. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt.
31、批准50. arise from(=be caused by) 由引起.51. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排做52. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地( 大地方);53. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以为羞耻 54. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向保证 , 使确信.55. att
32、ach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结56. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做57. attend to (=give ones attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attendon(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料58. attitude to/ toward 对的态度.看法59. attributeto(=to believe sth. to be the result of)把.归因于., 认为.是.的结果
33、60. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均61. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.62. at the back of (=behind) 在后面63. in the back of 在后部(里面); on the back of 在后部(外面); be on onesback(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起.64. at ones back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护
34、; have sb. at ones back 有支持, 有作后台65. turn ones back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬( 某人),背弃,抛弃66. behind ones back 背着某人 (说坏话)67. be based on / upon 基于68. on the basis of 根据, 在基础上69. beatat 在运动项目上打赢70. begin with 以开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)71. on behalf of (
35、=as the representative of) 以名义72. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth./sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰.73. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处.74. for the benefit of 为了的利益(好处)75. for the better 好转76. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过.77. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时;give birth to 出生78. blame sb
36、. for sth. 因责备某人 .blame sth. on sb. 把推在某人身上79. in blossom 开花( 指树木) be in blossom 开花(强调状态)come into blossom 开花( 强调动作 )80. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机81. boast of (or about) 吹嘘82. out of breath 喘不过气来83. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之84. in bulk 成批地,不散装的85. take the floor 起立发言86. on business 出
37、差办事.87. be busy with sth.于某事。be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事88. last but one 倒数第二.89. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设90. buy sth. formoney 用多少钱买91. be capable of 能够, 有能力be capable of being +过去分词: 是能够被的92. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whateverhappens; anyhow)无论如何93. in case (=for fear that) 万一;94. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生万一in the case of 至于, 就而言95. in no case 在任何情况下都不 (放句首倒装句)96. be cautious of 谨防97. center ones attention on(=focus ones attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在上98. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定.99. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地
