1、2012 中 山 一 中 高 三 热 身 练 英 语 试 题完形填空Albert Einstein is said to have been asked by a student, “what finding helped you most when you were _1_ the theory of relativity?” Einstein replied without _2_ moments hesitation. “Finding how to think about the problem.”The same _3_ is told about Sir Isaac Newton
2、and _4_ other scientists. We have no proof _5_ any of these well-known conversations _6_ took place, but we are prepared to believe that they did, and, if so, that the _7_ was the same one Einstein gave, _8_ this is the “way scientists work and science progresses.”Scientists usually work toward mode
3、ls of the process of structure they are studying. _9_ we have models of the structure of the universe and of the atom, models of the process _10_ which the genetic (遗传的) pattern is passed from one building block of life to _11_ models of the economic system and _12_ on. Some models are mathematical,
4、 but a model does not have to have equations (方程) or even diagrams; the _13_ requirement is no doubt that it _14_ an insight (洞察) into the relationships that determine _15_ something works as it does or how it is put together.1. A) designing B) inventing C) revealing D) developing2. A) a B) the C) a
5、n D) some3. A) event B) news C) story D) information4. A) any B) more C) few D) several5. A) that B) since C) which D) as6. A) naturally B) actually C) eventually D) regularly7. A) question B) answer C) conversation D) topic8. A) although B) because C) unless D) once9. A) Otherwise B) Nevertheless C
6、) Still D) Thus10. A) for B) by C) on D) to11. A) either B) other C) both D) another12. A) so B) later C) further D) straight13. A) urgent B) important C) original D) unnecessary14. A) provide B) will provide C) provided D) is provided15. A) when B) what C) why D) whether语法填空Patricia Pania wanted to
7、 be was a mother and home-maker. But 16._ life was turned upside down when a motorist, 17._(distract) by his cell phone, ran a stop sign and crashed into the side of her car. The impact killed her 2-year-old daughter. Four months later, Pania reluctantly but 18._ (courage) decided to try to educate
8、the public and to fight 19. _ laws to ban drivers from using cell phones 20. _ a car is moving. In her first speech, Pania was visibly trembling and her voice was soft and uncertain. But as she got into her speech, a dramatic 21. _(transform) took place. She stopped 22. _ (shake) and spoke with 23.
9、_ strong voice. For the rest of her talk, she was a forceful and compelling speaker. She wanted everyone in the audience to know 24. _ she knew without having to learn it from a personal tragedy. Many in the audience were moved to tears and to action. In subsequent presentations, Pania gained reputa
10、tion 25. _ a highly effective speaker. 阅读ASport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be ph
11、ysical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where v
12、aluable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their
13、children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learni
14、ng the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive reinforcement
15、 should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.26. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is _
16、.A) to make sports less competitiveB) to make sports more challengingC) to reduce their mental stressD) to increase their sense of success27. According to the passage sport is positive for young people because _.A) it can help them learn more about societyB) it teaches them how to set realistic goal
17、s for themselvesC) it enables them to find flaws in themselvesD) it can provide them with valuable experiences28. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes _.A) without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidenceB) in order to make them remember lifes lessonsC
18、) believing that criticism is beneficial for their early developmentD) so as to put more pressure on them29. According to the passage parents and coaches should _.A) help children to win every gameB) pay more attention to letting children enjoy sportsC) enable children to understand the positive asp
19、ect of sportsD) train children to cope with stress30. The authors purpose in writing the passage is _.A) to persuade young children not to worry about criticismB) to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to childrenC) to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragementD) to teac
20、h young athletes how to avoid burnoutBAbout six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldnt help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: “So, how have you been?” And the boywho could n
21、ot have been more than seven or eight years oldreplied. “Frankly, Ive been feeling a little depressed lately.”This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didnt find out we were “depressed” until we were
22、in high school.The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children dont seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is
23、 different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, Why?Human development is based not only on innate (天生的 ) biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social rote to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have alway
24、s been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television, Television passes informat
25、ion, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of
26、 control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.31. According to the author, feeling depressed is _.A) a sure sign of
27、 a psychological problem in a childB) something hardly to be expected in a young childC) an inevitable has of childrens mental developmentD) a mental scale present in all humans, including children32. Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world _.A) through contact with society
28、B) gradually and under guidanceC) naturally and by biological instinctD) through exposure to social information33. The phenomenon that todays children seem adult like is attributed by the author to _.A) the widespread influence of televisionB) the poor arrangement of teaching contentC) the fast pace
29、 of human intellectual developmentD) the constantly rising standard of living34. Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?A) It enables children to gain more social information.B) It develops childrens interest in reading and writing.C) It helps children to memorize and
30、 practice more.D) It can control what children are to learn.35. What does the author think of the change in todays children?A) He feels amused by chair premature behavior.B) He thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note.C) He considers it a positive development.D) He seems to be upset about it.CPsychi
31、atrists (精神病专家) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing-older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited
32、financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers
33、, “end up retiring much later.” For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But hes also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but hes learned that
34、 young at heart doesnt mean young. Lately hes been taking afternoon naps (午睡) to keep up his energy. “My body is aging,” says Metcalf. “You cant get away from that.”Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say f
35、ears about aging are nothing to laugh at. “They worry theyll be mistaken for grandparents, or that theyll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school,” says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: “that they
36、wont be alive long enough to support and protect their child,” she says.Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility (受孕) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband. Randy, had twins. “We both wanted children,” sa
37、ys Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, “a sense of family.” Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. “The dads are older, more mature,” says Dr. Silber, “a
38、nd more ready to focus on parenting.”36. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?A) Older parents are often better prepared financially.B) Older parents can take better care of their children.C) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.D) Old
39、er parents can better balance their resources against childrens demands.37. What does the author mean by saying “For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream” (Lines 7-8, Para. 1)?A) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.B) They cant obtain the retirement benefits t
40、hey have dreamed of.C) They cant get full pension unless they work some extra years.D) They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.38. The author gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show that _.A) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic childrenB) many people a
41、re young in spirit despite their advanced ageC) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodiesD) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy39. Whats the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joan Galst?A) Approaching of death.B) Slowing down of the
42、ir pace of life.C) Being laughed at by other people.D) Being mistaken for grandparents.40. What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment.B) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.C) Not until they ha
43、d the twins did they feel they had formed a family.D) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.DSpeeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser (锁止器), and a radio si
44、gnal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a micro-processor and memory, and a GPS (全球定位系统) satellite positioning receiver. If
45、 the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control centre to block the vehicles engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.In the UK, a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. The pattern of vehicle crime has changed, says Martyn Ran
46、dall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer wont allow them to start unless they rece
47、ive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars, often by getting bold of the owners keys. And key theft is resp
48、onsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system.If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicles movements via the cars GPS unit.
